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i
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v\
THRNEW YORKI
PUnUC LIBRA HY
%?0()295
...fj. 190. I
AKADEMI INTERNASIONAL DE LINGU UNIVERSAL
DIKSIONAR
DE
Idiom Neutral
NEUTRAL-ANGLIK E ANGLIK-NEUTRAL
KO GRAMATIK KOMPLET SEKUANTU RESOLUSIONI DE AkADEMI INTERNASIO
DE LINGU UNIVERSAL E KO HISTOR BREV DI ORIGIN DE
IDIOM NEUTRAL
KoMPOSED E PUBLIKED KO KONSESION DE AkADEMI PER
MEMBR DE IT
M. A. F. HOLMES
¥
%
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
JOHN p. SMITH PRINTING COMPANY
1903
INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE
DICTIOr^ARY
OF THE
Neutral Language
(IDIOM NEUTRAL)
NEUTRAL-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-NEUTRAL
With a complete Grammar in accordance with the resolutions of
THE International Academy of the Universal Language and
A Brief History of the Neutral Language
Composed and by concession of the Academy published by a member
THEREOF
M. A. F. HOLMES
1
\
J • ••
ROCHKvSTKR, N. Vr
JOHN p. SMITH PR INT INC, CONVY\^N
1903.
w • J \i t m J
1th F. KTV.' YpRkI
1 300295 '
COPYRIGHTED
1903
By M. A. F. Holmes.
• . • • • '
»> • • • • « '
to • « ■ •
« • k. to to to
« «. * to
>- to to
to .
" V ' ^ » ' »
I - . • V » W
« , V • to
PREFACE.
" What is most International is nearest the Ideal."
In publishing this Dictionary of the Neutral Language, some-
thing must be premised as to the origin of the latter, for very few
are aware that there exists a well organized international society,
to which the language owes its origin.
After many fruitless attempts — and all by eminent scholars —
had been made in the course of the last three hundred years to
' construct an artificial language that would serve to facilitate inter-
. course between persons of different nationalities, in the year 1879
i Rev. J. M. Schleyer of Litzelstetten, Baden, succeeded in excogi-
I tating such a language, called Volapiik, which at the time attracted
general notice, since the grammar of this language, in contradis-
tinction to the difficult grammars of the living languages, is
surprisingly simple ; in a few hours the rules could be acquired
f and correspondence immediately entered upon with the aid of a
i dictionary.
This simplicity caused many to learn the interesting language,
land after a few years Volapiik was so widely spread that there were
ihundreds of Volapiik clubs, and over twenty Volapiik papers were
published.
Sooa, however, complaints arose as to cettovti Vm^^'^^^'^'^^'^'^ ^'^
fee Jaaguage : some Volapiikists arbilrarWy KtiVtoeiLMce^ei Oa^^^'fe^^ "^
VI PREFACK
corrections, which were not recognized by others, among them the
inventor ; disagreements arose, and in consequence it was univer-
sally deemed desirable to call into existence a society which would
preserve the unity of the language and perfect Volapiik.
Such a society, under the name of International AcademJ^ of
the Universal Language, was founded by the Volapiik congress,
held in Munich in the year 1887, and the statutes of this Academy
were ratified by the international Volapiik congress held in Paris
in the year 18S9 ; by which statutes the Academy is to this day
guided. At first seventeen persons, from twelve different countries,
were chosen to constitute the Academy ; later the number of mem-
bers fluctuated between fifteen and thirty-six. The labors of
the Academy could be carried on only in writing, since the
members lived in various localities (in Europe, America, Africa
and Asia).
In the beginning the Academy was occupied with the discussion
of grammatical questions ; later, when it was seen that very many
words are common to most European languages and consequently
are already familiar to those speaking a European langage, e. g.
tenor ^ plan, basin , brutal, and that therefore all these world -words
must find favor in a language intended for international communi-
cation, the Volapiik words, which are to a great extent taken fron
the English, but often so distorted as to be unrecognizable, wer(
replaced by international words.
Now, as the result of the labors of the Academy, a languag
has arisen — called Neutral Language (Idiom Neutral),— which ha
retained the good qualities of Volapiik, but differs essentially fror
Volapiik in this, that it consists almost exclusively of internations
words, and can thus, whether spoken or written, be understood b
every educated man almost without any previous study.
Consequently the Neutral Language is capable of renderin
^ective service in all cases where persoivs oi different nationalitit
i
PREFACE Vll
must make themselves understood either orally or in writing,
whether it be for commercial, scientific, or other purposes ; in a
word, wherever the need of a so-called . universal language
exists.
M. A. F. HOLMES.
Macedon, N. Y., May 4, 1903.
GRAMMAR
OF THE
NEUTRAi Language
(IDIOM NEUTRAL).
I. Pronunciation and Orthography.
§ r. -The Neutral Language (Idiom- neutral) has 22 letters,
5 vowels : a e 1 .0 11, and 17 consonants :bc(lfghjklmn
p r 8 t V y.
The vowels are pronounced as follows :
a as a in the English word far, father, guard,
e *• a " " *♦ " cape, dale, fate.
I ♦* e " " " •♦ me.
o " o " " " " no, note.
u " u " •• " " truth, or
t« QQ a a ii II moon, room.
Consecutive vowels are pronounced separately, e. g hebre-lk
Hebraic, a-utomat automaton, E-urop Europe, no-l we, sl-e his.
The consonants are always pronounced as follows :
b as b in the English word bar.
c " ch " '♦ •* *♦ chain, charity, (r. 115, r. 126) (*)
d " d ** '* *• " date.
I 11 f « .1 II II £a^.g
g .« g .. ... .. .. get, give, got. (**)
(♦) The figrures after the " r." denote the number of the respective
resoltitioii of the Academy.
(•♦) Never as in the Ens^lish word gentle.
GRAMMAR OF THE NEUTRAI, LANGUAGE
h as h in the English word hold. (r. 119).
j " z " " '* '* azure, seizure, or
t( j ii a prench word Jean, je, jour. (r. no).
k " k ♦' " English ** keep, kill.
I ♦' I " " " •* late, let.
m' m ♦' " ♦' '' mat, met.
n " n " '♦ '' " not, note.
p '' p " " ' '• pale, pair.
r ♦' r " " " " rain, red.
8 " 8 ♦' " " " sale, seal, sill (*) (r. 118).
t '' t ♦' '' " " tale, till.
V ** V " *' " " vale, vague,
y " y " " " " yet, yoke. (r. 112).
The letters s and h, if they stand together, form an exception
hereto ; they are tiien pronounced as sh in the English word
"shall." (r. 109).
Remark. In the phonetic writing of proper names and
foreign words, in order to show their pronunciation, the following
letters and combinations of letters may be used (r. 116, r. 117):
1. a for the sound a in the German language=al in the English
word fair.
2. 6 for the sound 6 in the German language=o in the English
word word.
3. U for the sound ii in the German language=u in the French
word une.
4. 2 for the sound 2 in the English word zeal, zinc.
5. gh for the sound g in the Danish language, e. g. in the word
sag.
6. kh for the sound ch in the German language, e. g. in the word
Sache.
7. th for the sound th in the English language, e. g. in the word
Bath.
§ 2. Words are accented according to the following rule
(r. 57):
The accent (or stress of voice) is on the vowel that immediately
precedes the last consonant, if there be such vowel, e. g. forttin
(pronounced forttin) fortune, manu (pr. manu) hand, aloe (pr.
(V Never as 3 in the English word tost\ va. o\.\vtx ^oxft.%. * c»\ \$:\sixa
neutral is always voiceless, never voiced.
THE SUBSTANTIVE
aloe) aloe, flllo (pr. fillo) son ; otherwise it is on the first vowel,
e.g. mai (pr. mai) May, Deo (pr. D^o) God. In exceptional
cases the accented (stressed) vowel is denoted by a written accent,
^ e. g. id^ idea, al6 alley, (lep6 depot.
Remark. In the compounding of such words, that is words
having the written accent, with a suffix, the accent is dropped and
the word is accented (stressed) according to the general rule, e. g.
aleatr (pronunciation aleatr) alley-like.
il. The Substantive.
^ 3. The Neutral Language has only one declension for all
substantives (r. 43-47) :
SINGULAR.
Nominative : dom ; the or a house.
Genitive : de dom ; of the or a house.
Dative : a dom ; to the or a house.
Accusative : dom ; the or a house.
PLURAL.
Nominative : dom/ ; the houses.
Genitive : de dom/ ; of the houses.
Dative : a dom/ ; to the houses.
Accusative : dom/ ; the houses.
The accusative is distinguished from the nominative by its place
in the sentence : the nominative stands before the verb, the accusa-
tive after the verb, e. g. ml \^\os porta, I lock the door ; patr pun!
filiOy the father punishes the son. (r. 46).
The dative can be used also without the preposition a, and in
that case it is indicated by a fixed place in the sentence, namely
before the accusative ; this applies particularly to pronouns, e. g.
II donav mi llbr, he gave me a book ; 11 mit ini f lorl, he sends me
flowers, (r. 55).
§ 4. There is no article ; accordingly the English articles the
and a, an are not translated, and conversely the word dom can
mean the house as well as a house ; which meaning is to be taken
can be almost always determined from the context. — If the word
a stands for a certain, it is translated by &etl\ s«t\. ^qtcv^ ^Vwssr.,
GRAMMAR OF THE NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
a certain house ; but if it stands for some, any, it is translated by
kelkun : kelkun dom, a house, some house. If we wish to refer
to a definite object, the demonstrative pronouns can be used : 1st
dom, this house; el dom, that house, (c. 42/441 (*)
i 5. Nouns are (i ) of the masculine gender, if they denote
persons or animals of the male sex, (2; of the feminine gender, if
they denote persons or animals of the female sex, and (3) of the
neuter gender in all other cases. — Masculine nouns are formed by
the addition gf the suffix -o, e. g. kaval^ stallion, anslan^ old
man, — and ifeminine nouns by the addition of the suffix -a, e. g.
kavala mare, Italiana an Italian (woman) (**). (r. 34, 35. Cf.
r. 122 d).
§ 6. Diminutives are formed by the addition of the suffix -et,
e.g. slgar^/ cigarette, kavai^/ pony, flllela little daughter, (r 103).
§ 7. Designations for not fuil-grown (young) animals are
formed by compounds with the word yun young, e. g. yun-laival
colt, yun-ran tadpole, (r. 86, c. 53/56).
III. The Adjective.
i 8. Adjectives are distinguished as primitive, e. g. grand
great, fasil easy,— and derivative, which are formed from other
parts of speech by the addition of one of the seven suffixes -abl,
-al, -an, -atr, -Idf, -ik, -os. (r. 12).
Adjectives in -abl show that something is possible or worthy,
with a passive meaning ; this suffix is used principally with verbal
roots, e. g. komprendtf^/ comprehensible, intelligible, konvena^/
suitable, fitting, (r. 49).
The suffix -ai is used instead of the suffix -ik (see below), if
the root ends in -ik, e. g. gmm&Ukal grammatical, teknika/
technical, (r. 133).
Adjectives in -an show appurtenance to some one or some-
thing, e. g. matiometa^ Mahometan, amerika;; American, (r. 32).
(♦) The fisfures after the " c." denote the numbers of the circulars of the
Director of the Academy to the members thereof, (1) of the circular in which
the respective words were proposed, (2) of the circular in which the Director
announced the acceptance of these words on the part of the Academy.
f**) The meaning: of the roots k«v«l, ansian, etc., can easily be found
fa the dictionary ; it is therefore not repeated here.
THE ADJECTIVE
Adjectives in -atr indicate similarity or likeness ; this suffix
can be joined to substantive and adjective roots, e. g. petralr stone-
like, petrous, verda/r greenish, (r. 50).
Remark. If words end in a, the suffixes -abl, -an, -atr are
changed into -bl, -n, -tr, e. g. rusia;/ Russian, akua/r watery,
(r. 49. 32, 50).
Adjectives in -Id show a quality of some one or of something;
this suffix is used with verbal roots, e. g. timid timid, splendid
splendid, bright, (r. 135).
Adjectives in -08 indicate a fullness or multitude of anything,
e.g. petros stony, oleos oily, lanos woolly, amor^^ amorous, (r. 33).
The suffix -Ik is the general adjective suffix ; it indicates
quality and is used to form derivative adjectives, for which the
remaining suffixes, -abl, -an, -atr, -Id, -os, are not suitable
because of their special signification, e. g. elektn^ electric, rusik
Russian, anuik annual, Atlant//^ Atlantic, fantast^'^ fantastic,
gfilvanik galvanic, hastik hasty, hlstor/^ historic, homik human,
hofisont/l horizontal, ideah'y^ ideal, ldent/>^ identical, lanik
woolen, etc. (r. 31, 139).
J 9. Comparison takes place by putting before the adjective
the adverbs pill, for the comparative, and leplu for the superlative,
e. g. plu grand greater, leplu grand greatest, (r. 123).
The conjunction than after the comparative is translated by
ka, e. g. vo es plu grand ka ml, you are taller than I. So— as,
as — as, are rendered by tal^ — ^kual^, e. g. vo es /ale grand kiui/e
ml, you are as tall as I. (c. 42/44).
The adverb very is translated by multe, e. g. multe grand
very great, (c. 42/44).
J ID. The adjective always follows the substantive to which it
belongs, e. g. dom grand the large house, lingu universal the
universal language (r. 84) — and is never varied, e. g. patr don the
good father, filla don the good daughter, fill/ bon the good children.
(Gl.n.) (»).
? II. Every adjective can be used as a substantive, and is then
declined as a substantive, e. g. bon/ e mah* the good and the bad,
poltron cowardly, a coward, (r. 132).
(*) The letters Gl. n. sigrnify that the rule in question is quoted from tie
Qlamat nomik (Normal Grammar) , written in Volapiik, which was duly a c-
cepted by the Academy and published in the year 1892 \ vrWcVv. t^lft. \\as \ift!^
been chan^^ed by any subsequent resolution oi t\\^ ^k.Q.a.^ctft.-^ .
GRAMMAR OF THE NEUTRAI^ LANGUAGE
§ 12. It is not allowed to form a verb from an adjective by
means of the general verbal suffixes, but, for the sake of clearness,
either the verb esar to be, or one of the suffixes, -Ifikar or -eskar,
is to be used, e. g. esar san to be well (healthy), ssnijikar to heal,
san^j^ar to recover, to convalesce, (r. 121).
IV. The Numeral.
^13. Cardinal Numbers [which answer the question kuant?
how many?] are either roots, e. g. i tin, 2 du, 3 tri, 10 des, — or
compound words, e. g. 20 du-des, 34 tri-des-kuatr.
The following are roots : i un, 2 du, 3 trl, 4 kuatr, 5 kuink,
6 seks, 7 sept, 8 okt, 9 nov, o nul, 10 des, 100 sent, 1,000 mil,
1,000,000 milion, 1,000,000,000 billon, 1.000,000,000,000 trllion,
1,000,000,000,000,000 kuadrllion, 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 kuln-
tilion. — The rest are formed from these by composition, des with
other numerals being always combined into one word, sent, on
the contrary, only when another numeral precedes ; the higher
numerals, mil, milion, billon, etc., always stand alone, e. g.
I.
un.
10.
des.
II.
desun.
2.
du.
20.
dudes.
12.
desdu
3.
tri.
30-
trides.
21,
dudesun
4.
kuatr.
40.
kuatrdes.
32.
tridesdu.
5.
kuink.
50.
kuinkdes.
46.
kuatrdesseks.
6
seks.
60.
seksdes.
lOI.
sent un.
7.
sept.
70
septdes.
120.
sent dudes.
8.
okt.
80
okldes.
200.
dusent.
9.
nov.
90.
novdes.
873.
oktsent septdestri.
0.
nul.
100.
sent or unsent.
1000.
mil.
lOOI.
mil un.
1020
mil dudes.
1300.
mil trisent.
3000.
tri mil.
lOOOO.
des mil.
lOOOOO.
sent mil.
1 000000. milion. 2000000. du milion.
25,768,194, dudeskuink milion septseut seksdesokt mil unsent
novdeskuatr. (r. 80, 12S).
§ 14. The ordinal numbers [which answer the question
kuant/;;/? which of the number? what number? which? what?
(what-th, if there w^ere such word)] are formed from the cardinal
numbers by the addition of the suffix -Im to the respective cardinal
THE NUMERAI^
number, and to the last word of the cardinal, e. ^. i. unim first.
2. dvkivi second, 7. sept//;^ seventh, 12. desdu^m twelfth, 30.
trides/m thirtieth, 100. sent//;/ hundredth, 120. sent dudes//;/
hundred and twentieth, 325. trlsent dudeskuink/;;/ three hundred
and twenty-fifth, 1000, mil/;;/ thousanrlth, etc., but it is allowed
to use instead of the derived forms the following seven well-known
roots: I. prim first, 2. sekund second, 3 ters third, 4 kuart fourth,
5. kuint fifth, 6. sekst sixth, and S. oktav eighth. — It is als«>*per-
mitted to use the cardinals instead of the ordinals, if the sense
shows that there is no question of a cardinal ; but in this case the
cardinal must occupy the same place in the sentence that the ordi-
nal would, if it were used, namely after the substantive (see below,
I 19), e. g. / double, twofold, 3 trXup! three-
fold, triple, treble, 105. sent )^mnkupl hundred and fivefold, etc ,
but it is allowed to use instead of the derived forms the following
three well-known roots : i. slmpl simple, 2. dupl double, twofolil,
3. tripl threefold, triple, treble. 1 r. 82).
Remark. The suffix -upl is used also with the word mult
many : mult//// manifold, nmltiple. (r. 82),
I 16. The distributives [which answer the question a kuant?
how many apiece ? each how m my ? by how many?] are formed
by placing the preposition a before the respective cardinal number,
e. g a un one apiece, one each, one by one, a du two apiece, two
each, two by two etc. (c. 20,28, 42 44)
§17. The iteratlves [which answer the question \mantfoa f
how many times? and kuantim/(7rt ? J or the which time? tor the
what (what-th ; see § 14) time ? lor the how niany-th (?; time ?] are
formed by the addition of the suffix -foa to the respective cardinal
or ordinal, and to the last word of the cardinal or ordinal, e. g.
I. VkVk/oa once, 2. dufoa twice, 100. sentyt?^ a hundred times, j.
prlmfoa for the first time, 139. sent tridesnovim/c^a for the one
hundred and thirty-ninth time, etc. ir. 83).
Remark The suffix -foa can be used also with other parts
of speech, e. g. mult/oa many titnes, ultim/^?^ for the last time,
etc. (r. 83).
§ 18. I^ractions are formed by a cardinal (for the numerator\
with an ordinal (for the denominatoT) ioWov^Kw^ \\., ^. '^ Vi. '^^^
8 GRAMMAR OF THE NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
sokundor un demi, ^ du ters/, 0.2 du desim/, 0.03 tri sentim/,
Y^:g du unsent novim/, 0.007 ^^P^ milimz. If a fraction is used
with a whole number, the fraction is joined to the whole number
by the conjunction e, e. g. %% trl e un kuart, tt = 3.14159 ....
tri total/ e un kuatr unkuink nov e s., 0.145 • • ^^^ total/ e un
kuatr kuink e s. (r. 85).
§ 19. Cardinal numbers and fractions always precede the sub-
stantive to which they belong, e. g. du kavalz two horses, trl
kuart^' metr ^ meter ; — the remaining numerals always follow
the substantive or verb to which they belong, e. g. paragraf se-
kund § 2, plesir dupl double pleasure, nol &ndaz> a du we went b}
twos, ml klamaz/ tri/oa I shouted three times, (r. 84).
§ 20. Numeral adverbs are formed by adding the adverbial
suffix -e to the respective ordinal, e. g. i. prlm^' first, 2. sekund^
secondly, etc. (c. 29/33).
§ 21. Numeral verbs are formed by the addition of the suffix
-iflkar to multiplicatives, e. g. slmpUJiiar to simplify, dupii/il^of
to double, etc. (r 52).
§ 22. Dating takes place in the following manner : in diun?
trides/;;; de mens yull de anu mil novsentim po nat de Krist,
which, by the omission of the words printed in ordinary reman,
and even of the word In, is usually shortened to : trides/;;/ yull,
mil novsent 30 July, 1900.
The twelve months of the year are called : yanuar, februar,
mars, aprll, mal, yuni, yull, august, septembr, oktobr, no.
vembr, desembr.
The seven days of the week are called : soldi, lundi, marsdi,
merkurdi, yovdl, vendrdi, saturndi. (r. 100).
§ 23. The time of day is expressed in the following manner :
[It es] hor trl e un kuart, it is quarter after three o'clock : hor
trl e des minuti, ten minutes after three ; hor trl e kulnkdes-
kuatr [minuti], six minutes to four; in hor septim de matin,
between six and seven o'clock in the morning.
V. The Pronoun.
/^^. r/re Personal Pronoun, (r. \22^.
THE PRONOUN
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
ist Person : ml, I, no], we.
2d ** vo, you. vo/, you
3d ** 11, he. 11/, they (masc. and neut.).
Ila, she. Wait they (fern.).
it, it.
on, one. they, people.
The reflexive pronoun is se, self.
§ 25. If only one person is addressed, the pronoun is always
in the singular, namely vo.
Remark. There is also another pronoun for the second per-
son singular, namely tu ; but it is used only for a literal transla-
tion of the word thou, if such translation is absolutely necessary.
&.S^.\.^-
10 GRAMMAR OF THE NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
lates to the subject of the sentence in which it stands, (c. 31 36).
The possessive pronoun tue corresponds to the personal pro-
noun tu. (r. 79).
§ 31. The possess! ves, and in general all pronouns that relate
to a substantive, are always placed before the respective substan-
tive, e. g. mie dom my house, Ist slrkular this circular, kel tabi?
which table ? kuant homz ? how many men (human beings; ? kelk
parol/ some words, omni llngti/ all languages, (r. 84).
§ 32T THE DEflONSTRATIVE PRONOUN.
Ist, this. ist-kos, this (thing).
el, that. el.kos, that (thing).
tel, that, the one. tel-kos, that (neuter).
el sem, the same.
yust^ el sem, just the same.
It sem, the same thing.
yust^ It sem, just the same thing.
In case the pronouns Ist and el are used as substantives, they
may take the masculine suffix -o and the feminine -a, if we >vish
to specify particularly the sex of the persons or animals spoken of,
e. g. Isti, elo. (c. 42/44, 46/48, r. 1221.
Ist-kos, el-kos, tel-kos. It sem and yust^ It sem can be
used only substantively.
§33. THE INTERROGATIVE AND, EQUALLY, RELATIVE
PRONOUNS.
ki ? who ? kel ? who ? which ? what ? that ?
i^^kos ? what ? which ?
The pronoun kl is used for persons and ^arap\u\l umbrella ; paj^asol parasol.
22. pleni- signifies fullness : p/e?n\un full moon ;plenipoteni.
plenipotent(iary). "
2j. poll- signifies many-, poly-: poliangul polygon ; polii
teknika/ pohttichmc.
FORMATION OF WORDS 25
24. pre- signifies pre-, before : preXud prelude ; preslalhar
to prescribe.
25. proto- signifies origin : protoiorest primeval forest ;
prototXp prototype.
26. pseudo- signifies something not authentic, not genuine :
pseudotkova pseudonym.
27. re- signifies repetition or return: fedonarto give back,
to return.
28. semi- signifies semi-, half : semilun half moon ; semi-
filk? stepson.
29. si- signifies the present time or the nearest object :
sittmpe now ; silol^ here ; 5/diiirn^ to-day.
30. te- forms words correlative with the interrogative words
formed by means of the prefix ke-: teXoike there ; tekavLse for
that reason.
31. termo- signifies heat : termo-inetr t\itxmom^tex.
32. ultra- signifies something excessive, ultra-: ultravXoXet
ultra-violet.
33. vise- signifies a person taking the place of another ;
subordinate ; vice-: t/w^dlrektor vice-director.
These prefixes may be appended to all radicals, in so far as the
sense allows it.
§81. SUFFIXES.
Besides the suffixes given above in the discussion of the various
parts of speech, the Neutral Language has the following :
-ad ; this suffix has no fixed meaning and forms substantives
having some reference to the root ; it is used also for the forma-
tion of substantives that denote the result of an action ; e. g.
bene-fasla^ benefit ; edad food ; tontad spring ; garant^^
guarantee, surety ; Intra^ entrance ; kampestr^^ country
(not city) ; kandela^ candlestick ; kavalk^^ cavalcade ;
konosa^ knowledge ; limona^ lemonade ; medial middle ;
merkant^^ merchandise ; pXktad painting, picture ; pXatad
dish ; preierad preference ; promeofz^ promenade ; skrlba^
writing ; — ganla^ earnings ; U&ptad capture, catch, booty ;
pensad thought ; rostad roast ; skrXbad writing, treatise,
essay, (r. 70, 931.
-aj forms collective nouns signifying things \ t^iVVaj iok^-ai^^N^^scka^
linen (washing) ; monto; mouuVam t^ai^'^*, ^^^ai ^^^^^'^'^
re.g. horse and carriage) ; plumaj p\\xm^%^. '<^. ^'^^^ w^^^Y\
26 GRAMMAR OF THE NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
-aslon with a verbal root forms substantives denoting action :
dekllnaswn declension ; prep&rasioTt preparation, (r. 53).
-ativ with a verbal root forms adjectives expressing a capability or
possibility : purgativ purgative, (r. 130).
-ator with a verbal root forms substantives denoting a person or
thing acting : orator orator ; salyator savior ; \entl\ator venti-
lator ; numralor numerator, (r. 54).
-el forms collective nouns signifying persons : pa^e^t^7/ kindred,
relations, relatives ; klient^/ clients, customers, clientele,
(r. 105).
-er with a non-verbal root forms substantives denoting persons or
things having some reference to the root, and for which the
suffix -ist (see below), according to its special signification, is
not suitable : aksloner stockholder ; milloiU'r millionaire ;
senater senator ; tabler cabinet-maker, joiner ; plns^r eye-
glasses, pince-nez. (r. 28, T38).
-eri forms substantives denoting place: t&neri tannery ; &pleri
beehive ; rcstaureri restaurant ; kaieri coffee-house, cafe ;
bir^n beer-house, ale-house, 'r. 106).
-esk[arl forms verbs denoting to become, to grow, to begin :
yerAes/i:ar to become green ; putres/i:ar to putrefy ; paUdesJtar
to become pale ; s&neskar to recover, to convalesce, (r. 51).
-gjaf forms substantives that denote persons who write, draw, etc.,
in a certain way : fotograf photographer, (r. 131).
-la forms substantives that denote a country : Espan/a Spain ;
Rus/a Russia; Ital/a Italy; patria fatherland, native country.
• r. 30).
-ifik[ar] forms verbs denoting that something specified in the root
is made : grandi/ikar to make large ; falsi^^ar to falsify ;
simplifi/:ar to simplify, (r. 52).
-Ism forms substantives denoting a religion or a mental disposi-
tion : protestant/5/;/ Protestantism ; realism realism ; kosmo-
poUtww cosmopolitanism; partikulamw particularism, (r .48,
140).
-Ist with a non-verbal root forms substantives denoting persons
who apply themselves to something, occupy themselves with
something : veloslped/5/ velodpedist ; drogtst druggist ; tele>
grafw/ telegrapher, telegraphist, (r. 29, 140).
-Itet with an adjective forms substantives denoting a quality ;
egualitel equality ; amabl//^/ amiability ; kual/V^/ quality J
rar/'/iT/ rareness y rarity ; totaXiiet totality, (r. 27 ^
FORMATION OF WORDS 21
-metr forms substantives denoting a person or thing measuring
something : /^rww-w^/r thermometer ; hon;/^/r clock, (r. 102).
-on forms substantives that denote an enlargement : rastrc^;/
harrow, (r. 10 1).
-or forms substantives denoting the state or afiFection of a person or
thing acting, e. g. wa%or love ; ardor ardor ; er(?r error, (r. 136).
All these suflSxes may be employed in the formation of new
words, and in accordance with the rules given above, by anyone
using the language ; the suffix -ad is, however, excepted ; the
Academy reserves to itself the formation of new words in which this
suffix appears, on account of its indeterminate meaning, (r 70).
(c) COMPOUND WORDS.
§ 82. Compound words, that is, words containing two roots,
may be formed from all the parts of speech with the exception of
the cardinal numbers (see below), if the sense allows it, by simple
juxtaposition, with a hyphen or (usually) without it ; the determin-
ing (or tnodijfying) word precedes the detennuied, e.g. post- mark
postage stamp ; grand-patr grandfather ; dupl-akuil double eagle;
omni-potent omnipotent ; bene-fasiar to benefit ; eks-possolusionj," either form
may be used.
a.
adjective.
n.
ad.
adverb.
nr.
an at.
anatomy.
P-
art.
article.
part.
astr.
astronomy.
plur.
hot.
botany.
pr.
c.
conjunction.
pr. d.
cf.
compare.
pr. ind.
chem.
chemistry.
pr. int.
e.g.
for instance.
pr. pers
fig.
figurative.
pr. rel
1.
interjection.
sing
intr.
intransitive.
tr.
med.
medicine
V.
32 ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS
On the Neutral -English side the root of the Neutral word
occurs but once ; the suffixes in italics which follow should be
added to the root to form words, e. g. '• dorm, n., sleep, -ar, v., to
sleep " read : dorm, n., sleep, dormar, v., to sleep. — ''kolektizr,
v., to collect, -ad n., collection " read : kolekt^r, v., to collect.
kolekt^^, n., collection.
The letters in parentheses given after the names of the chemical
elements, e. ^. Fe in •^fer, n., iron (Fe)," indicate the symbols
used in chemical formulae.
d
NEUTRAL— ENGLISH.
a, ad., (before numerals each ;
apiece ; by.
a, p., to ; (before the infinitive)
in order to; also before the
infinitive in the following
usage: II es tro prudent a
monstrar sue koler [which
is a shortened form of II es
tro prudent a ke il monstr
sue koler], he is too prudent
to show his anger.
all., ah!
-a, suflSx denoting a person or
animal of the feminine gender.
-a, suffix forming the second
|>erson singular of the impera-
tive.
a anterior^, ad., to the front.
abandonar,- v., to abandon ; to
forsake ; to leave.
a bas^, ad., down; to the bottom.
atuit n., abbot, -a, n., abbess.
-eri, n., abbey.
abater, v., to fell; to cut down.
abdikar, v., to abdicate, -asion,
n.. abdication.
abdomln, n., abdomen:
aberar, v., to aberrate; to stray;
to wander, -asion^ n., aberra-
tion; straying; wandering.
abiet, n.. fir.
Abiainia, n., Abyssinia.
abism. n., abyss.
-abl. suffix forming adjectives
showing that something is
possible or -worthy, with a
passive meaning.
ablativ, n., ablative.
abominar, v., to abominate ; to
detest ; to abhor ; to loathe.
-asioHy n., abomination, -adl,
a., abominable.
abonar, v., to subscribe for.
-a;//, part., subscriber.
abrevlar, v., to abbreviate ; to
shorten ; to abridge, -asion,
n., abbreviation ; shortening ;
abridgment.
abrikos, n., apricot.
absent, a., absent, -i^el (ab-
sens), n., absence.
abses, n., abscess.
absint, n., wormwood; absinthi-
um.
absolut, a., absolute, -ism, n.,
absolutism.
absolvar, v., to absolve, -asion
(absolusion), n., absolution
absorber, v., to absorb.
abstin^r, v., to abstain (from) ;
to refrain (from).
abstinent* a., abstinent ; ab-
stemious . -itet (abstinens), n . ,
abstinence.
abstrakt, a., abstract.
abstrakt^r, v., to abstract.
absurd, a., absurd, -itet, n.,
absurdity .
33
34
abund^r— afliktd;;'
abundar, v., to abound, -ad^ n.,
abundance.
abyurar, v., to abjure ; to for-
swear, [with.
ad. p., at ; by ; to ; on ; against;
-ad, sufl&x forming substantives
(see § 8i of Grammar).
ad-bordd:r, v., to land ; to put
into ; to touch at.
ad-dors^r, v. trans., to lean.
a dekstr^, ad., to the right.
a De^ .' i., adieu! good bye!
farewell !
ad-glutinar, v., to glue to ; to
agglutinate.
adiurnar, v., to adjourn ; to put
off : to defer ; to postpone.
administr<2r, v., to administer.
-asion, n., administration.
-ator, n., administrator.
admirer, v.. to admire, -asiorij
n., admiration, -abl, a., ad-
mirable.
admiral, n., admiral.
admiralitet, n., admiralty.
admit^r, v., to admit.
a dom^,ad ., home (to the house).
adoptdir, V. , to adopt.
ador<2r, v., to adore; to worship.
-asion, n., adoration; worship.
-ator, n , adorer; worshiper.
-abl, a., adorable.
ad-pendtz^, n., appendage ; ap-
pendix:.
ad-port^r, v., to fetch; to bring.
ad-prokslmd!r, v., to approxi-
mate (trans.), -asion, n., ap-
proximation.
ffd-rangar, v., to arrange.
adres, n., address; direction.
-ar, v., to address ; to direct.
adult, a., adult.
adulterar, v., to commit adul-
tery.
adverb, n., adverb.
adverb partisip/^, participial
adverb.
advers, a., adverse, -er^ n.,
adversary ; antagonist, -itet^
n., adversity.
advokat, n., advocate ; lawyer.
adyektiv, n., adjective, -ik, a.,
adjective ; adjectival.
ad-yudikar, v., to adjudge; to
adjudicate. [join.
ad-yunktd;r, v., to add ; to sub-
ad-yustd;r. v., to watch for ; to
wait for ; to lie in wait for.
adyustdir, v., to adjust; to adapt.
adyutant, n., adjutant.
aeksterlor^, ad., out; (to the)
outside.
aer, n., air (atmosphere).
af abl . a. , affable ; friendly, -itei^
n., affability ; friendliness.
afeksion, n., affection (inclina-
tion).
afekt, n., affection (feeling).
Biektar, v., to affect (pretend).
afer, n., affair: concern; matter.
a finl ke, c, in order that ; that.
af Irtnar, v. , to affirm ; to assert.
-asiotiy n., affirmation ; asser-
tion.
afirmar medi^^ yurad, to con-
firm by oath.
aflsh, n., bill posted up ; poster.
~ar, v., to post ; to publish.
a flanks, ad., aside ; to the idde.
aflikslon, n., affliction.
afjlkt^r, v., to afflict ; to emlri^
ter.
le.
aforistn -akusar
35
aforLsm, n., aphorism; saying;
Afrik, n., Africa. [adage.
agat, n., agate.
agensi, n., agency.
agent, n., agent.
agll, a., agile; nimble.
aglt^zr, V. , to agitate, -asion, n . ,
agitation, -ator, n., agitator.
agnel, n., lamb.
agoni, n., agony.
agr, n., field; tilled land.
agraf, n., clasp, [agreeableness.
agreabi, a., agreeable, -itet^n.^
agrikultur, n., agriculture.
ai, n., sloth (animal).
a inferiors, ad., downward(s).
a interiors, ad., inward; (to the)
inside'; within.
-aj, suffix denoting collective
nouns signifying things.
ajlo, n., agio; premium.
akadetni, n., academy, -an^ a.,
academic, and n. , academician.
akasia, n., acacia.
ake, c, that; to (used in the
second clause, if the word
tro is in the former, p. e. il
es tro benevolent, a ke II
refus it, he is too kind to re-
fuse it), [n., acclamation.
akiamar, v. , to acclaim, -asion ,
akomodar, v., to accommodate;
to adapt. — se, V. , to accommo-
date one's self; to s u b m i t .
-asion, n., accommodation ;
adaptation.
a kont de, p., to the account of.
akord, n , accord; agreement.
-flr, v., to accord, to agree ;
-tfr se, v., to agree (be, on
good terms).
akredlt^zr, v. , to accredit.
aks, n., axis; axle.
akselerar, v., to accelerate; to
hasten; to hurry, -asion, n.,
acceleration; hastening.
aksent, n., accent (mark).
aksenttiar, v., to accentuate; to
accent, -asion, n., accentu-
ation; accent.
aksept, n., acceptance, -ar.,
v., to accept.
aksid^r, v., to happen.
aksident, n., accident; incident.
~e, ad., accidentally.
aksiom, n., axiom.
aksion, n., share; stock, -er,
n., shareholder; stockholder.
akt, n., act; deed; action, -ar,
v. , to act.
aktiv, a., active, -ilel, n., ac-
tivity.
aktiv, n., active voice; the ac-
tive
aktor, n., actor, -a, n., actress.
aktual, a., actual. -/V^/, n., ac-
tuality.
aku, n., needle.
akua, n., water, -tr, a., watery
( water-like ) .
akuafort, n., aquafortis; nitric
acid.
akuarium, n., aquarium.
akuavit, n., brandy.
akuil, n., eagle.
akulrar, v., to buy; to purchase.
akumular, v. , to a c c u nmlate.
-ator, n., accumulator, -asion,
n., accumulation.
akurat, a., accurate, -itet, n.,
accuracy.
akusar, v., to accws*^.
36
akusativ— atnar
akusativ, n., accusative, -ik^
a., accusative; accusatival.
akustik, n., acoustics.
akut, a . , acute ; sharp. - itet^ n . ,
sharpness; acuteness. -iftkar^
v., to sharpen.
al, n., wing, -ar, v., to wing; to
addwings to. -ed^ part. ,
winged.
-al, adjective suffix used instead
of -ik, if the root ends in -ik.
alabastr, n., alabaster.
alambik, n., alembic, [alarm.
alarm, n., alarm, -ar, v., to
alaud, n., lark.
alb, n., alb.
Alban/a, n., Albania.
alberg, n., inn. -ar, v., to har-
bor; to entertain, -ist, n., inn-
keeper.
albom, n., album.
al6, n., avenue; alley; walk;
path, -air^ a., like an alley
or path.
alegori, n., allegory, -ik (ale-
gorik), a., allegoric(al).
alegr, a., cheerful; merry; gay.
-itet^ n., cheerfulness ; mirth.
alekt^r, v., to allure; to entice.
-asion^ n., allurement; entice-
ment.
alen, n., awl.
alfabet, n., alphabet.
alfenid, n., alfenide.
algebra, n., algebra, -ik^ a.,
algebraic.
alians, n., alliance.
alienar, v., to alienate, -ik^ a.,
aJien. -asiofiy n., alienation.
-/a, n., alien country; alien
land.
aligator, n., alligator.
ailment, n., aliment; food; nu-
triment; nourishment, -ar,
v., to feed; to nourish, -asion,
n., alimentation; nurturing;
nourishing, -os^ a., alimental;
nutritive; nutritious.
aline, n., new paragraph.
Aljerza, n., Algeria.
alkali, n., alkali, -ik, a., alka-
line.
alkiml, n., alchemy, -ist (alki-
mist), n., alchemist, -isiik
(alkimistik), a., alchemistic.
alkohol, n., alcohol.
alkov, n., alcove.
almanak, n., almanac.
almosin, n., alms.
aln, n., alder.
aloe, n., aloe.
Alp/, n., Alps.
Alsas^a, n., Alsace.
ait, a. , high; lofty, -itet, n.,
height ; loftiness ; altitude. ^
-eskar, v. , to grow tall.
altar, n., altar.
alternar, v., to alternate, -asion,
n., alternation.
alternativ, n., alternative.
aludar, v., to allude; to refer.
-asiofty n., allusion; reference.
alum, n., alum.
aluminium, n., aluminium;
aluminum (Al).
-am, suffix forming the first per-
son plural of the imperative.
amar, v., to love; to like, -atar^
n., lover, -abl, a., amiable*
-ablitety n., amiability, -or^'
-orosilet, lo.., ^-caoxw^siftRs®.,
amalgam — angl
37
amalgam, n., amalgam, -ar, v.,
to auialgamate.
amason, n , an Amazon.
ambasad, n., embassy, -er^ n.,
ambassador.
amblgUy a., ambiguous, -itet^
n., ambiguity.
ambisiy ^n., ambition, -os^ a.,
ambitious.
ambi, n., amble, -ar, v., to
amble, -aior^ n., ambler;
pacer.
ambrosi, n., ambrosia, -a;;, a.,
ambrosial.
ambular, v., to walk.
amen I i., amen !
amer, a., bitter.
Ameriky n., America, -a//, a.,
American, and n., American.
ametist, n., amethyst.
amfibi, n., amphibian, -an^ a. ,
amphibian.
amidon, n., starch, -ar^ v., to
starch.
amlk^n., friend, -ad, n., friend-
ship.
a mimi, ad., at least.
amnesti, n., amnesty; pardon.
-ar, v., to amnesty; to pardon.
amoniak, n., ammonia.
amortlsar, v., to extinguish (a
debt) ; to amortize. -asiotiyU.,
extinction (of a debt) ; amorti-
zation.
ampi, a., ample, -itet, n., am-
plitude, -ifikar, v., to amplify.
amput^r, v., to amputate.
-asion, n., amputation.
amulet, n., amulet.
amusar, v., to amuse; to divert;
to entertain.
an, n., anus, -ik, a., anal.
-an, sufl5x forming derivative
adjectives indicating appur-
tenance to some one or some-
thing.
anal/, n., annals. [analyze.
analis, n., analysis -ar, v., to
analog, a., analogous.
ananas, n., pineapple.
anapest, n., anapest -ik, a.,
anapestic.
anarki, n., anarchy, -ik (an-
arkik), a., anarchic, -ist
(anarkist), n. , anarchist, -ism
(anarkism), n., anarchism.
anat, n., duck.
anatem, n., anathema.
Anatoh'a, n., Asia Minor; Ana-
tolia.
anatomi, n., anatomy, -ik
(anatomik), a. anatomical.
-ist (anatomist ) , n. , anatomist.
-and, suffix forming the gerun-
dive.
andar, v. , to go.
andar a kontr^, to go to meet.
Andalus/a, n., Andalusia.
and^r anterior^, to precede; to
go before.
andtzr tro lent^, to be slow
(of a timepiece).
andar tro velos^, to be fast
(of a timepiece).
anekdot, n., anecdote.
aneks, n., annex, -ar, v., to
annex.
anel,n., ring. — rotz^, felloe.
angel, n., angel.
angin, n., angina.
angl, n., fish-hook, -ar^ v., to
angle.
38
AnghVz — apl
AngUa, n., England, -ik, a.,
English; in English; English-
speaking. -iaUj a., English;
pertaining to England, and
n., Englishman.
angoraHy a., Angora.
anguil, n., eel.
angul, n., angle; corner.
angust, n., anxiety; distress;
straits, -ar, v. , to cause anx-
iety to; to distress.
anitn, n., soul, -ar, v., to ani-
mate; to vivify; to enliven.
animal, n., animal, -ik, a., an-
imal.
animal rapas, beast of prey.
ants, n., anise.
aniversal*, n., anniversary.
anlcor, ad., still; yet. -/oUy ad.,
once more; once again.
ankr, n., anchor, -ar, v., to
anchor.
anonim, a., anonymous, -itel,
n., anonymity.
ans, n., handle; haft; hilt.
ansian, a., ancient; old, and n.,
old man. -itet, n., age; an-
cientness. -^5^tfr, v. , to grow
old; to age.
-ant, suffix forming the active
participle.
ante, p., before (temporal and
local ) .
ante Ice, c. , before.
anterior, a., anterior; former;
previous, -e, ad., anteriorly;
previously; first; before; in
front; foremost
anti-« prefix corresponding to
the preposition kontr.
a////alkohoU^^ a., antialcoholic.
antifon, n., antiphon; anthem.
~ik^ a., antiphonal.
antilc, a., antique, -itety n.,
anti(^uity.
Antii/, n., Antilles.
antilop, n., antelope.
antimon, n., antimony; stibium
(Sb).
aniipap, n., antipope.
antipati, n., antipathy, -ik (an-
tipatik), a., antipathetic.
antipod, n., antipode.
anu, n., year, -ik (^anual), a.,
annual; yearly.
anular, v., to annul; to cancel;
to abolish; to abrogate; to re-
peal; to quash; to annihilate.
anunsi, n., announcement, -ar,
v., to announce.
aort, n., aorta.
a otr-lok^, ad., else where; some-
where else.
apanaj, n., appanage, -ar, v.,
to appanage.
aparar, v., to appear (be or be-
come visible); to rise (of heav-
enly bodies).
aparat, n., apparatus.
apart, ad., apart; separately;
aside.
apartenar, v., to belong; to ap-
pertain.
apati, n., apathy, -ik (apatik),
a., apathetic.
apel, n., appeal, -ar, v., to ap-
peal.
Apenin^', n., Apennines.
aperlar, v., to open, -ad, n.,
opening.
apetit, n., appetite.
ap\&udar—arJi;ieplskop
39
aplaud^r, v., to applaud.
apo ! i., away ! begone !
apo-andar, v., to go away; to
go off.
apologi, n., apology (defence),
-/^(apologetik), a., apologetic.
-25/ (apologist), n., apologist.
apopleksi, n., apoplexy, -ik
(apoplektik), a., apoplectic.
apo-prendar, v., to take away.
apo-pusar, v., to put away; to
cast off.
apo-selar, v., to sail away.
apostat , a . , apostate .
a posteriori, ad. , to the rear.
apostol, n., apostle, -ik, a.,
apostolic.
apostrof, n., apostrophe (').
apostrofar, v., to apostrophize;
to address, -ad, n., apostro-
phe; address.
apotek, n., apothecary shop;
drugstore; pharmacy, -er,
n., apothecary.
aprendar, v., to learn, -adl, a.,
learnable.
aprll, n., April.
aprobar, v., to approve.
aproksimativ, a., approximate;
approximative, -e, ad., ap-
proximate! v; approximative-
apropriar, v. , to appropriate.
apt, a., apt; skilful, -ilef, n.,
aptitude; skill.
ar, n., are (100 square meters).
-ar, the infinitive ending,
arar, v., to till; to cultivate.
Arabia, n., Arabia.
arabesk. n , arabesque.
antlo a., arrack.
aran. n., spider.
arbitr, n., arbiter; umpire.
arbitraj, n , arbitration.
arbitrar, a., arbitrary, -it el, n.,
arbitrariness.
arbor, n., tree.
arbust, n., shrub; bush.
ard^r, v., to glow, -or^ n., ar-
dor; glow; lieat; fire, -oros,
a., hot; heated; ardent; fiery.
aren, n., arena.
arendar, v., to rent; to hire.
-ator, n., tenant; hirer.
areometr, n., areometer; hy-
drometer.
arest, n., arrest, -ar^ v., to
arrest.
a reyXsadX i., until we meet
again !
argent, n., silver (Ag). -ar, v.,
to silver.
argil, n., clay; argil, -os, a.,
argillaceous; clayey.
argon, n., argon.
argument, n., argument, -ar,
v., to argue.
aria, n., aria; air; tune.
aristokrat, n , aristocrat. -/,
n., aristocracv.
aritmetik, n., arithmetic
ariv(?r, v., to arrive; to arrive at.
ark, n., bow; arch; arc. -ad,
n., arcade; archway, -er, n.,
archer; bowman.
arkan, a., secret; hidden; con-
cealed.
arki-, prefix signifying supe-
riority.
rt;r/'/angei. n., archangel.
d!r^/duk, n., archduke.
ark iepisVeop , tv . , 1a.\^f^c^a\^^w^$ .
40
arkitekt— astr
arkitekt, n., architect.
arkiv, u., archives
arm, n., arm; weapon, -ar^ v.,
to arm.
armatur, n., armature.
arm-emblem, n., escutcheon ;
coat of arms; arms.
Armenia, n., Armenia.
armi, u., army, -ik and de
armi, a., army.
arogant, a., arrogant, -ilet
(aro^^ans), n., arrogance.
aromat, n., aroma; fragrance.
-tk, a., aromatic; fragrant.
arorut, n., arrowroot.
arsen, u., arsenic (As).
arsenal, n., arsenal.
art, n., art. -isl, n., artist.
arter, n., artery.
artifisi, n., artifice; art. -os^ a.,
artful; ingenious.
artifisial, a., artificial.
artiki, n., article (in paper; also
part of speech).
artiki definit, indefinlt, defi-
nite, indefinite, article.
artileri, n., artillery, -w/ (ar-
tilerist), n., artillerist.
artishok, n., artichoke.
as, n., ace (cards).
asaslnar, v., to assassinate; to
murder, -asion, n., avSsassi-
natiori; murder, -ator^ n.,
assassin; murderer.
asbest, n., asbestos.
asekunzr, v., to secure: to make
certain; to assure; to insure.
-asion, n., assurance; insur-
ance.
asenAar, v., to ascend; to mount;
to rise.
asension, n., the .Ascension.
asenti, n., assent, -ar^ v., to
assent.
aser, n., maple-tree.
aserb, a., acerb; acrid.
asesor, n., assessor; judge
lateral.
asfalt, n., asphalt.
Asia, n., Asia, -n (asiatik), a.,
Asiatic.
asld, a., acid; sour, -ad, n.,
acid, -itet, n., acidity.
asldu, a., assiduous, -itet, n.,
assiduity.
asier, n., steel, -ar, v., to steel;
to harden; to temper, -ik, a.,
steel.
asignar, v., to assign.
asil, n., asylum,
a 5/lok^, ad., hither; here; to
this place.
asin, n., ass.
a sinistra, ad., to the left.
-asion, sufl5x which, with a
verbal root, forms nouns de-
noting action.
KsXvia, n., Assyria.
asist^zr, v., to assist, -ant, part.,
assistant.
asket, n. ascetic.
asosiar, v., to associate (trans.).
-asion, n., association, -ed,
part., associate.
asot, n., azote; nitrogen (N;.
asparg, n., asparagus.
aspekt, n., aspect; view; sight;
prospect, -tfr, v., to view; to
behold.
aspirar, v., to aspire.
astmat, n., asthma.
astr ,11., star \ \i^aN^wVj VkO^^j .
astrolog— nautorisar
41
astrolog, n., astrologer.
astrologi, n., astrology.
astronom, n., astronomer.
astronomly n., astronomy, -ik
(astronomik), a., astronomical.
astusi, n., craft; cunning; art.
-OS, a., crafty; cunning; art-
ful; sly.
a superiors, ad., up; upward;
aloft.
astir, a., azure.
atak, n., attack; assault, -ar,
v., to attack; to assault; to as-
sail.
-ate, suffix forming the second
person plural of the impera-
tive.
ateism, n., atheism.
ateist, n., atheist.
a /^lokbiografi, n., autobiography.
automat, i?., automaton, -ik,
a , automatic, -e, ad., auto-
matically.
autotnohW, a., automobile; self-
moving. [vehikl] autotnohW^
automobile.
autor, n., author.
autorlsar, \., \.o a\xJC£\ox\'L^\ \a
empo-wer*, to «vi\!\xX^.
42
autoritet— bankrot
autoritet, n., authority.
-av, suffix forming the imper-
fect.
av^r, v., to have.
avansar, v., to advance, -e, ad.,
beforehand; in advance,
avar, a., avaricious, and n.,
miser; niggard, -itet, n., ava-
rice
aven, n., oats.
aveni<2r, v. , to occur.
aventur, n., adventure.
aversion, n , aversion.
avert^r, v., to hint, -asion, n ,
hint.
avarfatnel, to be hungry; to
hunger.
avid, a., eager; avid, -itety n.,
avidity; eagerness.
avis, n., advice; news, -ar, v.,
to advise.
avar koneks, to be connected.
avar lok, to take place.
avar nesesitet de, to need.
avar pasient^V^/ (pasiens), to
have patience.
avar permit a, to have per-
mission for; may; to be al-
lowed.
avar siti, to thirst; to be thirsty.
avar sukses ko kk, to suc-
ceed with anything (mi avav
sukses ko voyaj ; my jour-
ney succeeded, resulted well).
avar tendens, to have a ten-
dency; to tend to.
B
babWar, v., to babble; to prattle.
bagajf n., baggage; luggage.
bagatel, n., trifle
bakar, v., to bake, -ad, n.,
baking; batch
bal, n., ball (dance).
balad, n , ballad.
balans, n., balance; equipoise.
-ar, V. int., to balance; to
poise.
balast, n., ballast. [stutter.
balbusiar, v., to stammer; to
baldakin, n. , baldachin ; canopy.
balen, n., whale.
balet, n., ballet.
balistik, n., ballistics.
balkon, n , balcony.
balon, n., balloon.
balsam, n., balsam; balm, -ar,
v., to embalm.
balsamin, n., balsamine.
Balt//^ (mar), Baltic Sea.
balustr, n., baluster, -ady n.,
balustrade.
bambu, n., bamboo.
banan, n., banana.
band, n., band; tie; bond, -ar,
v., to tie; to bind. -aj\ n.,
bandage. -o/V^/, n., bandage-
maker.
bandit, n., bandit.
baner, n., banner.
bani, n., bath, -ar, v., to bathe.
-en, n., bath; bathing-place.
-er, n., bather.
bani-kuf, n., bathtub.
bank, n., bank (for money), -^r,
n.. banker. [note.
bank-biliet, n., bankbill; bank-
banket, n., banquet.
bankrot, n., bankruptcy.
> fasiar — , v. , to become bank-
bapt^r— berilium
43
b&ptary v., to baptize, -asiotiy
n., baptism, -ist^ n.,baptizer.
bar, n., bar; ingot; bolt, -ar,
v., to bar; to bolt.
bariik, n., barrack; hovel; hut.
barb, n., beard, -er^ n., barber.
-os^ a., bearded.
barbar, a., barbarous, and n.,
barbarian.
barbl, n., barbel.
baret, n., biretta; cap.
barier, n., barrier.
barikad, n., barricade.
barlton, n. , baritone (voice).
barium, n., barium (Ba).
bark, n. , bark (boat).
barometr, n., barometer.
baron, n., baron.
bas, a., base; low. -^, ad.,
down below; at the bottom.
-ifikary v., to lower; to debase;
to abase, -ist^ n., bass-singer.
-itety n., lowness; baseness.*
basalt, n., basalt.
basar, n., bazaar; market.
bas-bot, n., shoe.
bashkir, n., Bashkir.
basilisk, n., basilisk.
basin, n., basin.
basis, n., basis; base.
bast, n., bast.
bastard, n., bastard.
bastion, n., bastion; bulwark.
baston, n., staff; stick; rod;
cane; baton, -ar, v., to cane;
to cudgel; to beat'.
bat, n., blow, -ar, v., to beat
(strike); to take (in chess J.
batali, n., battle.
batat, n., sweet potato.
• S. • •!_-.-•
bateri, n., battery (military).
batlst, n., batiste.
hatar ftSLSante, to take ^;;
passant (in chess).
Bavar/a, n., Bavaria.
bayonet, n., bayonet.
beat, a., blessed, -ifikary v., to
beatify, -itety n., beatitude;
blessedness.
bed, n., bed.
bedel, n., beadle.
bedtiin, n., a Bedouin.
bek, n., beak; bill (of a bird).
-aVy v., to peck; to pick.
bekas, n., woodcock; snipe.
bel, a., beautiful, -ifikary v., to
beautify; to embellish, -itety
n., beauty.
beladon, n., belladonna; deadly
nightshade.
bel-fili6>, n., son-in-law.
bel-fratr, n., brother-in-law.
Belg^Vz, n., Belgium.
bel-patr, n., father-in-law.
belveder, n., belvedere; belvi-
dere.
bene, ad., well.
benedik^r, v., to bless. -asioUy
n., blessing; benediction.
bene-fasiar, v., to benefit, -ady
n., benefit, -anty part., benefi-
cent. -atoTy n., benefactor,
benef is, n., benefice. [kind.
benevolent, a., benevolent;
bensin, n., benzine.
bensol, n., benzole.
ber, n., berry.
BerbenVz, n., Barbary.
beril, n., beryl.
-^ggj^jajg; n., beryllium; gluci-^
44 Besara
Besarabi'a, n., Bessarabia..
bet, n.. bed (in garden).
betarubr, n., beet.
betui, n., bircb,
bl-t prefix signifying bi-, two-.
hlbar, v., to drink, -ad. n.,
bibl.n.' Bible.
blbllotek, n., library, -er, n.,
librarian.
Mttankia, a., bilateral; Iwo-
blfstek, n., beefsteak.
bigot, a., bigoted,
iikavali'i, a,, two-horse.
bllans, n,. balance |in finance).
bill, n., bile; gall, -os, a., bil-
blllard, n.. billiards-
blllet, a., billet; note.
£illn£Ui;i, a., bilingual.
btllon. nr.. billion{ 1,000,000,000)
blnokl. n., opera-glass.
blograti, D.. biography.
Wr, n., beer, -ert, n., beer-
house; ale-house.
blr-kukiH' v., to brew, -eri,
a. lirewerv
bisekstll anu), leap-year;
bissestile.
bislkl, n., bicycle, -isi, n., bi-
Msklt, a., biscuit; rusk.
blskult, n., cracker; biscuit.
bismut, n., bismuth rief, ~iie/. n.,
burg, n., borough; market-
brevity; briefness; shortness.
town.
brevlar, n., breviary.
burtesk, a., bnrlesqne.
brid. 11,, bridle, -a^ v., tobridle.
burs, n., exchange (place);
brigad. n., brigade.
bourse.
brigand, n,. brigand.
bushi, n„ bushel.
brik. n., brick; tile.
bust, n., bust.
brikon,n,,i(^ue; rascal; knave.
but, u,, end; aim; object; mark;
brllbr, v., to sparkle; to glitter.
goal; butt, -ar, v., to aim;
bris, n. breeze.
to aim at.
Brftania, n., Great Britain.
buUk, n.. shop; store.
brodar, v. , to embroider.
butir, n., butter, -ifiiar, v., to
brom, D, bromine (Br).
make butter; to chum.
bronki, n., bronchus, -ii
buton, n , button, -ar, v., to
(bronkial), a., bronchial.
button.
brons, n., bronze, -ar, v., to
bronze.
c
broshor, v., to stitch (books).
broshur, n,, pamphlet; bro-
chure; stitched book.
cek, n., check.
cekh, n,, Czech.
bnior, v., to bluster; to roar.
cm, n,. Chili.
brun, a., brown, -ifiiar, v., to
Clneaia, n,, China.
brown.
cokol&a, u., c^iwuJvAe. ^
46
da — dekliv
D
da, p., since; from.
daks, n., badger.
daktil, n., daktyl. -ik, a., dac-
tylic.
Dalmat/a, n., Dalmatia.
dam, n., dam; dike.
damn, n., hurt; harm; damage;
detriment, -ifikar, v., to hurt;
to harm; to damage, -os ! i.,
it is a pity ! ; what a pity !
Dan/a, n., Denmark.
dans, n., dance, -ar, v., to
dance.
Dardaneh', n., Dardanelles
dat, n., date (time).
da temp ke, c, since; from the
time that.
da /^emp^, ad., since; from
that time.
dativ, n., dative.
dati, n., date (fruit).
de, p., of.
Deo, n., God. -a, n., goddess.
-iftkar, V. , to deify.
deb, n., duty, -ar, v., e. g. mi
deb=I ought, I should, I must.
de-bandar, v., to untie; to un-
bind.
de-batar, v. , to beat off.
debat, n., debate, -ar, v., to de-
bate.
debet, n., debit side, -ar, v., to
debit; to charge.
de-brusar, v., to brush off; to
brush away.
debt, n., debt, -ar, v., to owe.
debt aktlv, outstanding debt.
dedikar, v., to dedicate; to de-
vote.
de-duk^r, v. , to lead off; to lead
away.
de-falsla;^, v., to mow off; to cut
down.
defekt, n. , defect; blemish;
fault. -OS, a., defective, and
n., cripple.
defender, v. , to defend, -asion,
n., defense; defending, -ator,
n., defender
definiar, v., to define.
definitiv, a., definitive; deci-
sive; definite.
defisit, n., deficit; deficiency.
de-florar, v., to shed (its) blos>
soms.
de-f lu^r, V. , to flow off.
de-formar, v., to disfigure; to
deform; to deface, -ik, a.,
deformed; ugly.
de-frangar, v., to break off.
defraudar, v, to defraud.
-asion, n., defrauding.
degener^r, v., to degenerate.
de-glisar, v., to slip off; to slide
ofiF; to glide off.
degradar, v , to degrade.
dek, n., deck.
deka-, prefix signifying deC8-,
ten-.
de-kadar, v., to fall off.
dekan, n., dean.
de-kapar (dekapitar), v., to de-
capitate; to behead, -asion
(dekapitfl;5w?«), n , decapita-
tion; beheading.
deklamar, v., to declaim.
deklar^r, v., to declare.
deklinar, v., to decline (gram-
mar), -asion, n., declension.
dekliv, n., declivity.
de-kombust^r — de-pulv^r
47
de-konAbtista^, v. tr., to burn
down; to bum up.
de-komit^r, v., to countermand.
de-konsilLzr, v., to dissuade; to
advise against.
de-kont^r, v., to deduct.
dekor, n., decoration, -ar, v.,
to decorate.
de-kratar, v. , to scratch off.
dekret, n., decree, -ar, v., to
decree.
dekstr, a., right (not left), -e,
ad., at (on) the right. -^ de,
p., to (at) the right of.
de-ktikar, v. , to decoct.
de-kupar, v., to cut off.
de-kuraja/', v., to discourage; to
dishearten.
de-kustomar, v., to disaccus-
tom; to wean.
de-kuvrar, v,, to uncover; to
unveil; to disclose; to reveal.
deku vrar, v. , to discover, -ad,
n., discovery.
delegar, v. , to delegate.
delektar, v., to delight (tr.).
deifln, n., dolphin
dellkat, a. , delicate.
delikates, n , delicacy.
delikt, n., crime.
dellnlar, v , to delineate; to
draw; to design.
delir, n., delirium, -ar, v., to
be delirious; to rave.
delisl, n., enjoyment; delight.
-aVy v., to enjoy, -os, a., de-
lightful.
dellvrar, v., to deliver (furnish).
demagog, n., demagogue
demand, n , demand, -ar, v.,
to demand; to ask.
de-marshar, v. , to march off.
de-mask^r, v., to unmask.
de-mendikar, v , to beg of; to
beg from.
dementi, n., belying; lie; con-
tradiction, -ar, v., to belie; to
contradict.
de-merkantar, v., to cheapen;
to beat down (prices).
demi, a., half.
demokrat, n., democrat, -ik,
a., democratic,
demolar, v., to demolish.
demon, n., demon.
demonstrar, v., to demonstrate.
— se, v. , to prove.
denominator, n., denominator.
denove, ad., again; anew.
dens, a., dense; thick, -itet,
n., density; thickness.
dent, n., tooth; tine; prong.
-ajy n., set of teeth; teeth.
-ar, v., to teeth; to cut (one's)
teeth, -ist, n., dentist.
dentel, n., lace.
denunsi^r, v., to denounce; to
inform against.
departement, n., department.
de pasu a pasu, ad., step by
step.
dependar, v. , to depend.
deplorar, v., to deplore.
dep6, n., depot; depository.
de -poplar, v., to depopulate.
de-posar, v. , to set down ; to lay
down ; to set aside.
de-prendar, v., to take off.
de-presar, v. , to press off.
deprimar, v., to depress; to de-
ject.
de-pulvar, v., to dust off.
48
de-pusar — diafan
de-pusar, v. , to push off; to re-
pel.
deput^r, v., to depute, -edy
part., deputy.
de-rabotar, v. , to plane off.
de-radikar, v., to root up; to
root out; to eradicate.
de-rldar, v. , to deride.
derlvfl^r, v., to derive.
de-rodar, v. , to gnaw off,
de-ruptar, v. , to tear off.
dervish, n., dervish.
des, nr., ten. [jump off.
de-saltar, v., to leap off; to
des-du, nr., twelve.
de-sedlar, v. , to unsaddle.
desembr, n., December.
desendar, v., to descend; to
alight; to put up (at inn).
desent, a., decent; becoming.
deser, n., dessert.
desert, a., desert; waste.
desert^/', v., to desert; to run
away.
de-sharjar, v., to unload; to
discharge.
desldar, v., to decide, -asion
(desision), n., decision.
desinar, v , to design; to pur-
pose; to plan; to mean.
deslnfektar, v. , to disinfect.
desir, n., desire; wish, -ar, v.,
to desire; to wish; to long for;
to yearn for.
de-skribar, v., to write off (out);
to transcribe.
deskribar, v , to describe.
de-skumar, v., to skim.
desperar, v., to despair.
despot, n., despot, -ik, a., des-
podc.
destllar, V , to distil. *
destin^zr, v , to destine, -asion^
n., destination.
des-trl, nr., thirteen.
destruktar, v. , to destroy.
de-sukusar, v., to shake off.
des-un, nr., eleven.
detail, n., detail, -ar, v., to de-
tail, -ed, part., detailed, -ife,
a., detail; retail.
deter minar, v. , to determine.
de-turnar, v., to turn off; to
turn away; to divert.
de-urg^;', V. , to extort; to wring.
de-us«r, v., to wear out.
devenlar, v., to become.
deveniar fnissndant, to become
lame.
deveniarmut, to become dumb.
deveni^r pasioik75, to fall into
a passion
de-versar, v., to pour off; to
decant.
de-vestar, v., to undress; to di-
vest.
devis, n., device.
devorar, v., to devour.
devosion, n., devotion.
devot, a , devoted.
de-voyajfl;r, v. , to go on a jour-
ney.
de-yunkt^7r(kavali), v., to un-
hitch.
dl, p., about; on; of; concem-
ing.
diabet, n., diabetes, -ik, a., di-
abetic.
diabol, n., devil.
diadem, n., diadem.
diafan, a., diaphanous. -Uet^iLs
diai^hanousness.
dlafras:!!! — dlsolut
dlafragniy n., diaphragm.
diagnoSy n., diagnosis, -ar^ v.,
to diagnose.
diagomuy a., diagonal, -e^ ad.,
diagonally.
diakon, n., deacon.
dialekt, n., dialect.
dialektiky n., dialectic(s). -al,
a., dialectic(al).
dialog* n., dialogue.
diamanty n., diamond.
diametr, n., diameter.
diar^y n., diarrhoea; diarrhea.
didlm, n., did3nnium (Di).
diety n., diet.
dif erar, V. , to differ.
diferensy n., difference.
difteriy n., diphtheria, -ik, a.,
diphtheritic.
diftong, n., diphthong.
digestar, v., to digest.
digit, n., finger.
dignar, v., to deign, -ik, a.,
worthy, ^itet^ n. , dignity ;
worth.
dikar, v., to say; to tell.
dlkslonar, n., dictionary.
dXktar, v., to dictate.
diktator, n., dictator.
dliem, n., dilemma.
dlletanty n., dilettante.
diligent, a., diligent. -}V^/(dili-
gens), n., diligence.
dimension, n., dimension.
dimislon, n., relinquishment.
-ar, v., to relinquish; to give
up.
dimitar, v., to dismiss; to dis-
charge.
Moamlk, n. , dynamics, -al^ a. ,
dynamic(al).
4
dinamit, n., dynamite.
dinasti, n., dynasty.
din6, n. , dinner, -ar, v. , to diu>
dioses, n., diocese.
diplom, n., diploma, -ar, v., t
diploma.
diplomat, n., diplomat.
diplomati, n., diplomacy, -ik
(diplomatik), a., diplomatic.
direksion, n. , direction (course).
direkt, a., direct.
direktor, n., director, -ad, n.,
directorship; directorate.
dirigar, v., to direct (manage).
dirigar Icaros, to drive.
dis-, prefix signifying separa-
tion.
disapttrar, v., to disappear; to
go down (of sun, etc.); to set
(of sun).
disenteri, n., dysentery, -ik
(disenterik), a., dysenteric.
dtstrangar, v. , to break to pieces;
to break up.
disgustar, v., to disgust, -ik,
a., disgusting.
disipar, v., to scatter; to dis-
perse; to dispel; to dissipate.
disiplln, n., discipline.
disk, n., disk; quoit.
diskont, n., discount, -ar, v.,
to discount.
diskord, n., discord.
dislcret, a., discreet.
diskupar, v., to cut up; to dis-
sect.
dlsKutar, v., to discuss.
dismemhrar, v., to dismember.
rftsnodar, n», Vo n^joJc^^n ^ft^asv^
50
disordar—drap de sak
disordar, v., to disarrange; to
disorder.
dispaketar, v., to unpack.
dispar, a., disparate; radically
different, -z/^/, n., disparity.
dispens, n., dispensation, -ar,
v., to dispense; to exempt.
dispepsi, n., dyspepsy; dys-
pepsia, -ik (dispeptik), a.,
dyspeptic.
dlsposar, v., to dispose, -ed,
part., disposed.
disput, n., dispute, -ar, v., to
dispute.
dissonar, v., to be dissonant; to
be discordant.
distant, a., distant; far; remote.
-iUt (distans), n., distance.
distlngu, n., distinction (differ-
ence*, -ar, v., to distinguish;
to discriminate; to discern; to
distinguish (mark out).
distinkt, a., distinct. [nity).
dlstinslon, n. , distinction (dig-
dlstrakt, a., distracted, -ilef,
n., distraction; distractedness.
distribuar, v., to distribute; to
dispense.
dlstnkt, n., district.
disunlar, v. , to disunite.
dlurn, n., da^. -e, ad., by day;
in the daytime.
diurnal, n. , journal ; review;
periodical.
divan, n., sofa; lounge.
divergar, v. , to diverge.
divers, a., diverse; different.
divider, v., to divide.
dividend, n., dividend.
dJvJn, a., divine, -if el, n., di-
vinity; godhead.
divinar, v., to divine; to ^ess.
division, n., division (military).
divors, n., divorce, -ar, v., to
divorce.
dog, n., mastiff.
dogmat, n., dogma.
doirtor, n., doctor (title), -ewf,
n., doctorate.
dolctrin, n., doctrine; teaching.
dolcument, n., document, -ar,
v., to authenticate.
dolar, n., dollar.
dolor, n., pain; ache, -os, a.,
painful.
dom, n., house. -^, ad., at
home; home.
domen, n., domain; dominion.
dominar, v., to dominate; to
lord over.
donAnXkan, n., Dominican.
domisil, n., domicile; dwelling.
-ar, v., to dwell.
don, n., gift, -ar, v., to give; to
impart; to bestow.
donat, n., donation; present
-ar, v., to donate; to present.
dorm, n., sleep, -ar, v., to
sleep. -OS, a., sleepy,
dors, n., back, -m, p., back of;
behind.
dosent, n., docent; tutor (in
university).
dosi, n., dose, -ar, v., to dose.
dot, n., dowry, -ar, v., to en-
dow.
dragon, n., dragoon.
drakon, n., dragon.
dramat, n., drama.
drap, n., cloth, -ar, v., to drape.
drap de sak, handkerchief;
^ pocket-\\.a.ndkerchief. ■
drastik — egual
5t
drastik, a., diiastic.
dresar, v., to break; to train; to
break in; to drill; to dress.
dresar kaval, to break a horse.
drog, n., drug, -w/, n., druggist.
drol, a., droll.
dromedar, n., dromedary.
dUy nr., two. -:/oat nr., twice.
duan, n., customs; duty; toll.
-erif n., custom-house, -er, n.,
toll-gatherer; custom-house
officer.
dubi, n., doubt, -ar, v., to
doubt. -oSy a., doubtful; dubi-
ous, [thing; to question.
duhiar dl kk, to doubt of any-
dublon, n., doubloon.
du-des, nr., twenty.
du-des-un, nr., twenty-one.
duel* n.,duel. -arkokelkhom,
to duel.
duet, n., duet.
duk, n., duke.
dukar, v., to lead, -asion^ n.,
lead; leadership, [tention to.
dukar atension a, to call at-
dukaty n., ducat.
duls, a., sweet, -ifikar, v., to
sweeten, -t/^/, n., sweetness.
dun, n., dune; down.
dupar, v., to dupe.
dupl, nr., double.
dupl-akuil, n., double eagle.
dupl-punkt, n., colon (:).
dur* a., hard, -ifikar, Y,y to
harden; to indurate. -itet,n.,
hardness.
durar, v., to last; to endure.
-ablf a., dmrable. -abliiet, n.,
durability. -a«/^ke,c., while;
whilst. -a»/u, p., during.
dusen, n., dozen.
dushy n., douche.
e, c, and.
-e, adverbial suffix.
eben, n., ebony.
ebr, a., drunken; drunk, -i^kar^
V. , to make drunk, -ifikar se,
v., to become drunk, -itet^ n.,
drunkenness; inebriety.
-ed, ending of the passive parti-
ciple, [eatable, -ad, n., food.
edar, v., to eat. -ahl, a., edible;
ediflsl, n., edifice; building.
-ar, v., to build.
edikt, n., edict.
editor, v., to issue; to publish.
-asion (edision), n., issuing;
publication, -a^r (editor), n.,
publisher; issuer.
ediikar, v., to educate.
e — e, cboth — and; as well as.
efekt, n., effect.
efektiv, a., de facto; effective.
efektuar, v., to effect; to ac-
complish, -ad, n., effect; thing
effected; work.
efemer, a., ephemeral.
efors, n., efiort; endeavor; at-
tempt; exertion, -ar, v., to
strive; to try; to endeavor; to
attempt.
Egipt^a, n.. Egypt.
egoism, n., egotism.
egoist, n., egotist.
egtial, a., equal, -e, ad., like-
wise; equally, -ifikar (egua-
lisar), v., to equalize, -itet^xi.^
equality.
52
ekipar— ekspert
eUipar, v., to equip; to furnish
(fit out), -aj, n., equipage.
ekiat, n., display; show.
ekies, n., church. Ekiesza, n.,
States of the Church.
ekilps, n., eclipse, -ar, v., to
eclipse.
ekiiptik, n., ecliptic.
eko, n. , echo.
ekonoml, n., economy (man-
agement of affairs), -ik (eko-
nomik), a., economic, -ist
(ekonomist), n., economist.
eks, p., out of; from; by virtue
of.
eksagerar, v., to exaggerate.
-asion, n., exaggeration.
eksamln, n., examination, -ar,
v., to es amine.
eks-andar, v., to go out.
eks-audiar, v. , to hear; to grant.
eksel, i., behold!; look!;
here !; there!; lo !
eksekutar, v., to execute; to
accomplish; to fulfil. *'
eksekuta^r yustis^/S;, execu-
tioner; hangman.
ekselens, n., excellency (title).
ekselent, a., excellent. -2/^/, n.,
excellence.
eksempi, n., example; instance;
sample; specimen.
eksemplar, n., co^y.
eksept, n., exception, -ar, v.,
to except, -e ke, c. , unless.
-u, p., with the exception of;
excepting; except; but.
eksersar, v., to exercise, -ad,
n., exercise.
ekseSf n., excess, -ik^ a., ex-
cessive.
eks-fluar, v., to flow out.
eks-gllsar, v., to slip out; to
escape.
eks-humar, v., to exhume; to
disinter.
eksil, n., exile (state); banish-
ment, -ar, v., to exile; to
banish.
ekslstar, v., to exist.
ekslstens, n., existence.
eksltar, v., to excite; to rouse;
to stir (up).
eks-klamar, v., to cry out; to
exclaim.
eks-klosar, v., to lock out; to
shut out; to exclude.
ekskiuslv, a., exclusive, -e^
ad., exclusively.
ekskrement, n., excrement
ekskusar, v., to excuse.
ek8-labora;% v., to work out; to
elaborate.
eks-moritzr, v., to die out.
eks-movar, v., to drive out; to
cast out; to eject; to expel.
eksorsLsm, n., exorcism, -or,
v., to exorcise.
eksot^^, a., exotic.
ekspandar, v. , to expand.
ekspediar, v., to dispatch; to
send off; to forward.
ekspedlent, n.» expedient.
ekspektar, v. , to expect, -asicn^
n., expectation.
eksperiar, v., toexperie nee.
-ad (eksperiens), n., experi-
ence.
eksperiment, n., experiment.
-ar, v., to experiment.
ekspert, a., expert ;experi-
ekBpiar—elektroauLgaet
53
ekspiar, v., to expiate; to atone
for. -asion, n., expiation;
atonement.
eksplikar, v., to explain.
eksploatar, v., to exploit; to
work, -asion, n., exploitation;
working.
eksplodar, v., intr., to explode.
eksplorar, v., to explore.
eksport, n., export; exporta-
tion, -ar, v., to export.
eks-posar, v., to expose; to ex-
hibit, -asion (eksposision),
n.. exposition; exhibition.
ekspres, a., express.
eks-presar, v., to press out; to
squeeze out.
ekspreslon, n., expression.
eksprimar, v., to express.
eks-respira^ (ekspirar), v., to
expire (breathe out).
eks-^sangtilnar, v., to bleed to
death.
ekstas, n., ecstasy.
eks-tendar, v. tr., to extend.
eksterior, a., exterior. -^,iid.,
exteriorly; outwardly; (on
the) outside. -^ de, p., out-
side of; outside; without.
ekstem, a., external.
ekstinguar. v., to extinguish.
ekstr* p., besides. -ad,n.,
egress; exit; going out. -ia,
n., foreign parts; abroad.
ekstrakt, n., extract, -ar, v.,
to extract.
ekstrem, a., extreme. -^, ad.,
extremely. -z7^/, n., extrem-
ity, "iteti, n„ extremities
(hands and feet).
ekstr H, ad., besides.
ekstr-ordlnar, a., extraordi-
nary; unusual.
eiksusar, v., to use up.
eUs-vakuarf v., to empty.
eks-versar, v., to pour out; to
empty (both trans.).
ekuator, n., equator.
ektil-, prefix signifying equal-
ity
ekuiflankik (ekuilateral ) , a. ,
equilateral; ec[ual-sided.
ekutkrurik, a., isosceles.
ekulllbri, n., equilibrium, -ist
(ekuilibrist), n., equilibrist.
-isHk (ekuilibristik), a., equi-
libristic.
ekuiyttlar, v., to equal; to be
equal to.
el, pr. d., that, -/oa, ad., that
time.
-el, suffix denoting collective
nouns signifying persons.
elastik, a., elastic, -ikitet (elas-
tisitet), n., elasticity.
elefant, n., elephant.
elegant, a., elegant, -itet (ele-
gans), n., elegance.
elegi, n., elegy, -ik (elegik), a.,
elegiac.
elekU*/>^, a., electric, -ikitet
(elektrisitet), n., electricity.
elektrlsar, v., to electrify; to
electrize.
elektro-, prefix signifying elec-
tricity.
eleklrod\nsan\k^ n., electrody-
namics.
elekirolaimX^ n., electrochemis-
try.
elektronULZ^et^ n., electromag-
net.
54
elekiro-meir — ergo
elektro-metr, n., electrometer.
elektron^%vSXy ^ a., electronega-
tive.
elektropetr^ n., amber. [tive.
elektro^sitXy^ a., electroposi-
elektrostsitWi.^ n., electrostatics.
elektrotelaiXk^ n., electrotech-
nics. -ist, n., electrotechni-
cian.
element, n., element.
elev, n., pupil.
elevar, v., to elevate.
elips, n., ellipse, -ik (eliptik),
a., elliptic.
ellt, n., elite.
el-kos, pr. d., that (neuter).
elokuent, a., eloquent, -itel,
n , eloquence.
el sem, pr. d., the same.
emanslpar, v. , to emancipate.
emblem, n., emblem.
embrlon, n., embryo, -ik, a.,
embryonic.
emigrar, v., to emigrate, -ant,
part., emigrant, -asion, n.,
emigration.
eminent, a., eminent.
empln'^, a., empiric.
emular, v., to emulate, -asion ,
n., emulation.
endiv, n., endive.
energi , n . , energy . -ik (energik),
a., energetic.
enlgmat, n., enigma; riddle;
puzzle, -ik, a., enigmatic,
e nom^, ad., namely.
enorm, a., enormous.
entomologi, n., entomology.
-ik (entomologik), a. , entomo-
Iqgic(al). -isi (entomologist),
n., entomologist.
entrepren, n., enterprise; un-
dertaking, -ar, v., to under-
take.
entiisiasm,n., enthusiasm, -ar,
V. , to make enthusiastic.
enui, n., ennui; tediousness.
-ar.v.y to bore; to weary.
-anl, part. , and -as, a. , tedious;
tiresome.
envi, n., envy, -ar, v., to envy.
-OS, a., envious.
epidemi, n., epidemic, -{'^(epi-
demik), a., epidemic.
epigraf, n., epitaph.
epigram, n., epigram.
epilepsi, n., epilepsjy. -ik (epi-
leptik), a., epileptic.
epilog, n., epilogue.
episkop, n. , bishop, -ad, n.,
episcopate (ofl5ce). -el, n.,
episcopate (body), -ik, a.,
episcopal.
epltaf, n., epitaph.
epok, n., epoch.
epol, n., shoulder.
epop6, n., epic.
-er, suflfix used with a non-
verbal root to form a substan-
tive denoting a person or a
thing that has some relation
to the root.
erar, v., to err. -ad, n., mis-
take, -or, n., error.
era, n., era.
erbium, n., erbium (E).
ereUtar, v., to erect; to raise; to
set up; to rear; to hoist.
eremit, n., hermit, -eri, n.,
hermitage.
ergo, ad., therefore; conse-
-erl — ^sar welK&ed
55
-eri, suffix denoting place.
-eriOy suffix forming the present
conditional.
-ero, suffix forming the future.
erudiar, v., to teach; to culture.
-edy part., learned; cultured;
erudite, and n., an erudite
person; a scholar; a learned
man.
erukt^zr, v., to eructate; to
belch, -asion, n., eructation;
belching.
e s.»»e setn, etc. ; and so forth.
esar, v., to be.
esar adr-yuakted, to be sub-
joined; to accompany.
esar autor, to be an author.
esar avar, to be avaricious.
esar deb, to be due; to be the
duty.
esar de-kuraj^^/, to be discour-
aged.
esar de sert sentiment, to be
of a certain mind (disposi-
tion); to be minded.
Gsar distant, to be distant.
esens, n., essence.
esar ferv, to be zealous.
esar in stand, to be in condi-
tion (be able).
eskadr, n., squadron (naval).
eskadron, n., squadron (cav-
alry).
-eskar, suffix forming verbs de-
noting to become, to grow, to
begin.
eskart, n., refuse; discard, -ar,
v., to discard.
eske, interrogative particle; ? ;
whether; if.
eskJm^^ n., Esquimaux,
esar kontent, to be satisfied.
esar konvena^/, to be fitting.
esar ko-patr, ko-matr, to be
sponsor.
eskort, n., escort, -ar, v., to
escort.
esmalt, n., enamel.
esmeril, n., emery,
esar neses (nesesar), to be
necessary.
esar named, to be called; to
be named.
esar otendedj to be offended.
esar orgul^^ dl kk, to be proud
of.
espad, n., rapier.
Espanza, n., Spain.
esparset, n., esparcet.
esper, n., hope, -ar, v., to hope,
esar perdedy to be lost,
esar plu astuslos, to outwit. *
esprit, n., wit. [tute of .
esar prlv^^ de, to be desti-
esar [su via, su punkt de vis]
rekt, to be right,
esar simil, to resemble,
esar situ^^, to be situated .
esar surpris^cf, to be surprised;
to wonder; to be astonished.
est, n., east, -e, ad., in the
east; easterly.
estim, n., esteem, -ar, v., to
esteem (honor; also, deem).
estimar kli kapabi, to think
one capable of; to give one
credit for.
Estind/a, n.. East India.
estrad, n., estrade; dais.
estran, a., strange; singular,
esar yeUsed, to be vexed ; to be
irritated.
56
et— fasan
et, c, also; too.
-et, suffix forming diminutives.
etaj, n., story; floor.
etap, n., night-quarters; halt-
ing-place.
eter, n., ether.
etern, a., eternal, -ifikar, v., to
eternize; to eternalize, -ttet,
n., eternity.
etik, n., ethics, -al, a., ethical.
etiket, n., etiquette.
etimologi, n., etymology, -ik
(etimologik) , a . , etymological .
-w^ (etimologist), n., etymolo-
gist.
Etiopza, n., Ethiopia.
eukarist, n., eucharist. -ik, a.,
eucharistic.
etinuk, n., eunuch.
Europ, n., Europe, -an, a.,
* European.
evangel, n., gospel, -ik, a.,
evangelic(al); gospel, -ist^n.^
evangelist.
eventual, a., eventual, -e^ ad.,
eventually, -itet, n., eventu-
ality, [escape.
evitar, v., to avoid; to shun; to
evolusion, n., evolution.
fabi, n., fable; fairy tale.
fabiik, n., factory; manufac-
tory, -ar, v., to manufacture;
to fabricate; to make.
fag, n., beech.
fakt, n., fact, -e, ad , in fact.
fakttir, n., invoice; bill
takultet, n., faculty (of medi-
c/we, etc.).
falang, n., phalanx.
falb, a., fawn -colored; tawny.
faliar, v., to fail, -adl, a., falli-
ble.
falkon, n., falcon. [sify.
fals, a., false, -ifikar, v., to fal-
-itet, n., falsity.
falset, n., falsetto.
falsi, n., scythe, -ar, v., to
mow -et, n., sickle.
fals-serpent, n., blind- worm;
slow-worm.
fam, n., fame; report, -os, a.,
famous.
famel, n., hunger, -ik, &.,
hungry.
famlli, n., family.
familiar, a., familiar, -ilet, n.,
familiarity.
fanatik, a., fanatic(al). -ism, n.,
fanaticism .
fanfar, n. , flourish (of trumpets).
fang, n., dirt (mud); mire.
fantasi, n., fancy, -ar, v., to
fancy.
fantast, n., fantast. -ik, a., fan-
tastic.
fantom, n., phantom; spectre;
ghost; apparition.
fantom; apar in dom, the house
is haunted.
far, n., beacon; lighthouse.
farin, n., flour; meal.
faring, n., pharynx.
farm, n., farm, -er, n., farmer.
farmasi, n., pharmacy (science).
-ik (farmaseutik), a., phar-
maceutic, -ist, n., pharmacist.
fas, n., face; countenance.
fasad, n., fagade; front.
fashin— fibrin
57
fashin, n., fagot; fascine.
iaslar, v., to make; to do. -adly
a., feasible.
faslar finiar, to put a stop to;
to put an end to.
faslar Uaptad, to make a cap-
ture or prize.
lasll, a., easy, -ifikar^ v., to
facilitate; to make easy, -itet,
n., facility; ease.
faslar ndcorekt^, to do wrong
(incorrectly). [possible.
faslar fz^poslbl, to render im-
iaslar sum de, to amount to.
iasiar tro hast^, to be too hasty ;
to be precipitate.
fask, n., bundle; bunch.
fasol, n., bean.
fat, n., fate; destiny.
fatal, a., fatal.
fatig, n., fatigue; weariness,
-ar, v., to fatigue; to weary;
to tire, -ed, part., fatigued;
wearied; tired.
favor, n., favor, -ar (f avorisar),
v., to favor. -«, p., in favor of.
fayans, n., earthenware; pot-
tery.
tea, n., fairy.
febl, a., feeble; weak, -ilety n.,
weakness; feebleness.
febr, n., fever.
februar, n., February.
federaslon, n., federation.
fells, a., happy; fortunate;
lucky, -tjiiar, v., to make
happy; to bless, -itet, n., fe-
licity; happiness.
felisltar, v., to congratulate; to
felicitate, -asion, n., congrat-
ulatioa; felicitation.
feltr, n., felt.
femln, n., woman; female, -ik
(feminin), a., feminine.
fenestr, n., window.
fenig, n., pfennig.
fenomen, n., phenomenon.
fenul, n., fennel.
feodal, a., feudal.
fer, n., iron (Fe).
feri, n., fair.
ferment, n., ferment; yeast;
leaven, -ar, v., to ferment.
-asioHy n., fermentation.
feros, a., wild; fierce; ferocious.
-eskar, v., to become wild.
-itet, n., fierceness; ferocity.
fertil, a., fertile; fruitful, -itet,
n., fertility.
ferv, a., fervent; zealous, -itet,
n., fervor; zeal.
fest, n., feast; festival, -ar, v.,
to celebrate; to solemnize; to
keep, -asion, n., celebration.
festln, n., feast.
feston, n., festoon, -ar, v., to
festoon.
fl I, i., fie !
fiakr, n., coach; hack.
fiansar, v., to aflSance; to be-
troth; to engage, -asion ^ n.,
affiance; betrothal; engage-
ment, -edo^ n., bridegroom;
man who is betrothed, -eda^
n. , bride; one who is be-
trothed, -edi^ n., the betrothed
(couple).
flasko, n., fiasco; failure.
fibl, n., buckle, -ar, v., to
buckle.
fibr, n., fibre.
fibrin, n., ftbrm^t.
58
lldel— llor
lidel, a., faithful; true, -iiet,
n ., fidelity ; faithfulness; troth.
lien, n., hay.
Ill, n., whistle, ^ar, v., to
whistle, -ad^ n., whistle
(sound).
fig, n., fig. [figure.
figur, n., figure, -ar, v., to
fiks^r, v., to fix; to fasten.
til, n., thread, -ar, v., to spin.
-ad, n., spun material. -eH,
n., spinning-mill.
til de kandel, wick.
til de lamp, wick.
fill, n., child, -o, n., son. -a,
f Ills 9 n . , fern . [n . , daughter.
fllomei, n., nightingale.
filosof, n., philosopher, -ar, v.,
to philosophize.
fllosofi, n., philosophy, -ik
(filosof ik), a., philosophic(al).
mtr, n., filter, -ar, v., to filter;
to strain.
fin, a., fine, -itet, n., fineness.
finansi, n., finances.
fingar, v., to feign; to pretend.
fini, n., end. -ar, v., to end; to
finish; to conclude; to termi-
nate, -ad^ n., ending (gram.).
-^, ad., finally; at last, -ik
(final), a., final.
Finiand/a, n., Finland.
lint, n., feint.
firm, a., firm, -itety n., firmness.
firma, n., firm.
firmament, n., firmament.
fisar, v., to split; to crack; to
fissure; to cleave; to rive, -ad,
n., split; slit; fissure; crevice;
cranny; cleft; crack; chap;
n'ft; chink; seam.
lisik, n., physics; natural phi-
losophy, -a/, a., physical,
-w/, n., physicist.
fisionomi, n., physiognomy, -ik
(fisionomik), a., physiognom-
ic, -ist (fisionomist), n., phy-
siognomist.
fistuT, n., fistula.
flag, n., flag.
flagel, n., whip; scourge, -ar,
v., to whip; to scourge, -asion,
n., whipping; scourging; flag-
flagltar, v., to require, [ellation.
flagrar, v., to bum Cmtrans.).
-eskar^ v., to kindle; to catch
fire; to ignite, -eshator^ n.,
match, -ifikary v., to kinijle;
to set on fire; to ignite.
flagr^5>&-kordon, n., match;
slow-match; fuse.
f laksld, a. , flaccid; flabby;
limp; wilted; withered, -eskar,
v., to wilt; to wither.
flam, n., flame; blaze, -ar^ v.,
to flame; to blaze.
Flandn'a, n., Flanders.
flanel, n., flannel.
flank, n., side; flank, -e, ad., at
the side; on the side.
flatar, v., to flatter.
flaut, n., flute.
flegmat, n., phlegm, -ik, a.,
phlegmatic, -iker^ n., phleg-
matic person.
flekt, n., joint, -ar, v., to bend;
to flex. -a^/(fleksibl), a., flex-
ible, -ablitety n., flexibility.
-asion (fleksion), n., flexion.
Ilok, n., flake.
flor, n., flower, -ar^ v., to
flor-brastk—/olo-m^r
59
fior-bnislk, n., cauliflower.
florin, n., florin.
flor-koron, n., wreath.
florotemp, n., spring.
Hot, n., fleet, -ar, v., to float;
to swim.
fluar, v., to flow.
fluid, a., fluid; liquid, -ad, n.,
fluid; liquid, -itel, n., fluidity;
liquidity.
fluks, n., flood; high tide.
fluhtuar, v., to fluctuate.
fluor, n., fluorine(Fl).
flur, n., floor, -ar, v., to floor.
fluvi, n., river. -^/, n., brook.
fiuvi-bord, n., bank (of river).
-foa, suffix which, with a cardi-
nal or ordinal number, forms
an iterative; this suffix is used
also with other words.
fok, n., fire.
fokus, n., focus.
fol, a., foolish, and n., fool.
-itet, n., foolishness; folly.
foli, n., leaf; sheet, -aj, n., fo-
liage, -elar, v., to turn the
leaves (of a book); to thumb.
lolieton, n., feuilleton. -w/, n.,
feuilletonist.
fomentar, v., to foment.
fon, n., ground; background.
fondar, v., to smelt; to melt; to
fuse, -ator, n., founder, -erij
n., foundry.
lonetlk, n., phonetics, -a/, a.,
phonetic.
fonograf, n., phonograph.
font, n., fountain; source;
spring, -ar, v., to spring
(from); to issue, -ad, n„ spring
(of water).
fontan, n., fountain.
for, n., hole; orifice, -ifikar,
V. , to perforate.
foren, a., foreign, -ia, n., for-
eign country.
forest, n., forest.
forg, n., forge, -ar, v., to forge.
fork, n., fork.
form, n. , form, -ar, v., to form ;
to fashion; to shape.
formal, a., formal, -itei, n.,
formality.
formidabl, a., formidable.
formik, n., ant. -ar, v., to
swarm.
formul, n., formula, -ar^ v., to
formulate.
torn, n., furnace; stove, -ar^ v.,
to heat.
fornikar, v., to fornicate, -asion,
n., fornication, -ator, n., for-
nicator.
forn-tub, n., stovepipe.
fors, n., force, -ar, v., to force;
to compel; to enforce.
fort, a., strong; powerful.
-ifikar, V. , to fortify; to
strengthen, -itet, n., strength.
fortres, n., fortress; fort.
fortuit, n., chance.
fortun, n., fortune. -e, ad.,
fortunately.
fos, n., excavation; pit. -ar, v.,
to dig.
fosfor, n., phosphorus (P).
fosil, a., fossil.
foto-, prefix signifying light.
Joto-graJ, n., photographer, -ar,
v., to photograph, -ad, n.,
photograph.
foto-metr^ n., •^\io\oxftfe\feT .
60
frag— fugas
frag, n., strawberry.
fragment, n., fragment.
frak, n., dress-coat; frock.
frakas, n., crash, -ar^ v., to
smash; to shatter; to dash to
pieces.
iraksin, n., ash (tree).
frakslon, n., fraction.
frambos, n., raspberry.
frangar, v., to break; to frac-
ture, -ably 'a., fragile; frail;
brittle, -ahlitety n., fragility;
brittleness. -iwf, n., fracture;
break.
frangar glas, to cut ice.
frangi, n., fringe.
frank, n., franc.
franker, v., to frank; to prepay
postage.
Frankon^'a, n., Franconia.
Frans/tz, n., France.
fransiska;;, n., Franciscan.
fras, n., phrase; sentence.
fraternlsar ko kh, v., to fra-
ternize with any one. -asioity
n., fraternization.
fratr, n., brother.
fraud, n., fraud; deceit, -ar^ v.,
to cheat; to deceive; to over-
reach.
fregat, n., frigate.
frekuent, a., frequent. -^, ad.,
often; frequently.
f rekuentar, v., to frequent.
-asion, n., frequentation.
fren, n., curb; check; restraint;
brake, -ar, v., to curb; to
check; to restrain.
freneti'^^, a., frantic.
freskf a., fresh, -itet, n., fresh-
ness.
fresko, n., fresco.
Mar, v., to fry.
friand, n., lickerish person;
dainty person, -ar, v., to be
lickerish; to be dainty; to b^
sweet- toothed.
frigflr, v., to freeze; to be cold.
-id, a., frigid; cold. -ideskoTy
v., to become cold, -or, n.,
frigidity; cold, -ad, n., (catch-
ing) cold, -adar se, v., to
catch cold.
frigotemp, n., winter.
MUar, v., to rub. -asion, n.,
rubbing; friction, -ator, n.,
grater.
fringil, n., finch.
fris, n., frieze.
Msary v., to frizz.
frivol, a., frivolous; giddy.
-itety n., frivolity; levity.
front, n., forehead; brow.
frontier, n., frontier.
frost, n., frost.
frotar, v., to wipe.
frugal, a., frugal, -itet, n.,
frugality. [fructify.
frukt, n., fruit, -ifikar, v., to
fruktotemp, n., autumn; fall.
frument, n., wheat; com.
frustrar, v., to f r u s t r a t e ; to
thwart; to baffle; to balk;, to
defeat; to disappoint; to foil.
ftlsl, n., phthisis; consumption.
-ik (ftisik), a., phthisical;
consumptive.
fug, n., flight, -ar, v., to flee.
fuga, n., fugue. •
fugas, a., fugitive; fleeting;
fugacious, -itei, n., fugacity;
lullgin— gamar
61
fuligin, n,y soot. -os. a., sooty.
fulmin, n., lightning, -ar, v.,
to lighten.
fuimln-koton, n., guncotton.
fum, n., smoke, -ar, v., to
smoke.
tum-negrad, n., lampblack.
fundar, v., to found; to ^oimd.
fundament, n., foundation.
funksion, n., function, -ar, v.,
to function; to act; to officiate;
to discharge the duties of an
office; to work.
fur* n., fur.
fura], n., forage, -ar, v., to
forage, -er^ n., forager.
furet, n., ferret.
furi, n., fury; rage, -ar, v., to
be in a fury; to rage, -os, a.,
furious, -a, n., a fury.
fumar, v., to furnish; to sup-
Ely; to provide; to afford; to
ring, -ator^ n., purveyor.
fusil, n., gun. -ar, v., to shoot.
futur, a., future, and n., the
future; futurity; future tense.
-e, ad., in the future; here-
after.
futur perfekt, future perfect.
gabion, n., gabion.
gal, n., gall-apple.
Q&lia, n., Gaul.
gala-, prefix signifying magnif-
icence or pomp.
^aladln^f n., state-dinner.
galalcsi, n., galaxy; Milky Way.
galant, a., gallant (polite).
galawestf n., gala, dress (attire).
galen, n., galena.
galer, n., galley.
galeri, n., gallery.
galin, n., fowl, -a, n., hen. -o,
n., cock.
gallna-lciamar, v., to cackle.
gallm7-lclamar, v., to crow.
QaUsta, n., Galida (in Spain).
Q&iltsia, n., Galicia(in Austria).
galium, n., gallium (Ga).
galon, n., galloon, -ar, v., to
lace; to trim with galloon.
galop, n., gallop; galop (dance).
-ar, v., to gallop.
galosh, n., overshoe; galosh.
galvam'^w, n., galvanism, -i^,
a., galvanic.
gamash, n., gaiter; spatterdash.
gamb, n.,leg.
gambon, n., ham.
gangren, n., gangrene; morti-
fication, -ar, v., to gangrene;
to mortify, -os, a. , gangrenous.
ganiar, v., to gain; to earn; to
win. -ad, n., eaming(s); gain;
gaining(s).
ganiar pan, to earn a living
(livelihood).
gant, n., glove, -ar, v., to glove;
to put on gloves.
garant, n., bondsman; bailor;
guarantor; surety, -ar, v., to
bail; to guarantee; to warrant.
-ad, n., guarantee; security;
bail.
garb, n., sheaf; bundle.
gard, n., guard; shelter, -ar,
v., to guard; to shield; to
shelter.
garderob, n., wardrobe (place).
garnar, v., \.o %Mm^\ \a xxwss..
62
ganii«on— gl mnastik
gamlsoa, a., garrison. -ar,\.,
to garrison.
garsoD, n., fellow,
gas, n., gaa.
gasel, D., gazelle.
gaset, n.. newspaper; paper,
gasometr, n., gasometer.
gastronom, a , gastronomer;
gastronomist.
gaiidl, n., joy; gladness, -ar,
v., to gladden; to cheer, -os,
a., ioyOUH.
gaudlur se, v., to be glad; to
gavot, n., gavotte. [geal.
gelar,. V. intr., to freeze; to con-
gelatin, n., jelly; gelatin(e).
gemar, v.. to groan.
gemel, n., twin.
gen, a... gender.
genealogi, n., genealogy, -isl
(genealogist), n., genealogist.
-ik ( genealogik), a., genea-
logical.
generar, v., to generate; to be-
get; to engender; to procre-
ate, -asioii, n., generation.
-aior, n.. geuerator; begetter;
procreator. -alori, n., parents.
general, a., general, and n.,
general, -e. ad., generally.
generallsar, v.. to generalize,
-asion, n., generalization.
geoerOS, &., generous; liberal.
~itet, n., generosity; liberality.
genial, a., highly-gifted; in-
genious, -itei, n., genius.
genltiv, n., genitive.
genslan, n., gentian.
gentil, a.,genteel; gentle. -Uel,
n., genteelneas; gentility.
genu, n., knee. -irr, v., to kneel.
genu-flektur, v.. to genuflect.
-QJWM igenufleksion), n.. gen-
uflection, [genuineness.
genuln, a., genuine, -itet, n.,
geodesl.n., geodesy; surveying.
-ik. a., geodetic.
geogrsfl, n., geography, -ik
(geografik), a., geographic.
geolog, n., geologist.
gealogi, n., geology, -ik (geo-
logik), a., geological.
geometrl, n., geometry, -ik
(geometrik), a., geometric.
geranium, n., geranium.
german, a., Gemian; German-
speaking; in German, and a., a
Germ an -speaking person. -lo,
n., Germany, -lan, a., Ger-
man; relating to Germany
gcrmanlk, a. Germanic, and
n., one of Germanic hlood.
germaDlum, n., germanium
(Ge).
gerniln,n.. germ; sprout; shoot,
-ar, v., to germinate; to sprout.
-asion, n. , germination.
gmind), n., gerund.
gerundlvt n., gerundive.
gestlkular, v., to gesticulate.
-asion, n., gesticulation,
gib, n., hump; hunch, -os, a.,
humpbacked; huachhacked;
gibbous, and o,, hunchback.
gld, n., guide, -ar, v., to guide.
glgant, n., giant, -tk. a...
gigantic. [lege.
glmnas, n., gymnasium; col-
glinnastlk,n,, gymnastics. -~al,
a., gymnastic, -ar, v., to ex-
erciBQ Iti gymoastica.
gip5 — gravin
63
•» gypsum; plaster of
I.
v,f to endorse.
1., giraffe; camelopard.
Un.y garland,
a., guitar, -w/?, n., gui-
:; guitar-player,
n., sword, -ar, v., to
5. -atory n., gladiator,
n., gland.
I., ice.
, v., to glaze, -ad, n.,
ng; glaze,
(mar). Polar Sea.
»si, n., hoar-frost; white
; rime.
I., smooth; glossy; pol-
l. -ifikaTy v., to smooth;
olish; to iron (clothes),
n., smoothness,
u, clod. [slif .
v., to glide; to slide; to
n, n., glycerine.
I., globe, -et, n., globule.
!•» glory- "OS, a., glorious,
kar, v., to glorify, -asion,
lorification.
, n., glue, -ar, v., to glue;
Lck; to paste; to fasten.
., gulf; bay.
1., giun. -ar, v., to gum.
I, n., gondola,
a., throat, -ar, v., to
le.
, Goth, -ik, a., Gothic,
a., grade; degree; step,
v., to grade; to graduate.
>«, n., gradation; gradua-
te Iwr^itety degree of
ide.
grad de Xomgitet, degree of
longitude.
-graf , suffix forming nouns de-
noting a person or thing writ-
ing or painting in the manner
indicated by 3ie first part of
the word.
graf It, n., graphite.
gram, n., gramme. ..
gramatik,n., grammar, -a/, a.,
grammatical.
gran, n., grain; kernel. .
granat, n., garnet.
grand, a., great; large. -iHkar,
v., to make large, -itet^ n.,
greatness; largeness; size.
grand-filb, n., grandson.
grandios, a., ^andiose; grand;
imposing, -ttet, n., grandeur.
grand-komersa;!/, n., great
merchant.
grand-net, n., grandnephew or
grandniece.
grand-onkl, n., granduncle.
grand-partis, ad., in great
part; for the most part; to a
great extent.
grand-patr, n., grandfather.
granit, n., granite
grap, n., grape.
gras, n., grace
grasil, a., slender; slight; slim.
-itet, n., slendemess.
grasios, a., gracious, -itet, n.,
graciousness.
gratis, ad., gratuitously; gratis.
grav, a., grave; weighty, -itet,
n., gravity; weight; heavi-
ness.
gravar, v., to engrave.
gravin, n., gta.N^\.
64
Sravitasion — hast
gravitasion, n., gravitation.
grel, n., hail, -ar, v., to hail.
gremi, n., lap. -ad, n., apron.
gren, n., gram (cereals), -eri,
n., granary.
grenad, n., grenade.
gren-batar, v., to thresh.
Qreniand/a, n., Greenland.
greSy n., grease; fat. -ar, v., to
grease; to smear.
Qresia, n., Greece.
grit, n., daw; talon.
grll, n., cricket (insect).
gril-klamar, v., to chirp.
grimas, n., grimace, -ar, v., to
grimace; to make faces.
giis, a., gray.
grit, n., grits; groats.
griv, n., grief; sorrow, -ar, v.,
to grieve.
gros, a., thick; big. -itet^ n.,
thickness.
groso, n., wholesaling, -ist
(grosist), n., wholesaler.
grot, n., grotto; grot.
grotesk, a., grotesque.
grum, n., clot. -oSy a.,grumous;
clotted.
grup, n., group; cluster, -ar,
v., to group.
grus, n., crane (bird).
Qrusia^ n., Georgia (in Asia).
guen, n., cheek.
guen-barb, n., side-whiskers.
guer, n., war. -arko kh, v., to
(wage) war; to make war upon
anyone.
guind, n., reel; windlass, -ar,
V. tr., to wind; to reel.
^umigut, n., gamboge.
^us, n„ goose.
gust, n., taste, -ar, v., to taste.
gut, n., drop, ar, v., to drop; to
trickle; to drip.
guvem, n., helm, ar, v., to
steer; to manage; to govern.
H
habitar, v., to inhabit, -abl^ a.,
habitable, -ant, part., inhab-
itant.
hal, n., hall. [halberdier.
halebard, n., halberd, -er, n.,
halit, n. , breath; exhalation;
whiff; puff, -ar, v., to breati^e
out; to exhale; to puff, [fisher.
halsion, n., halcyon; king-
haluslnasion, n., hallucination.
hftmak, n., hammock.
hamster, n., hamster.
Hhnovr, n., Hanover.
hanseat, n., Hanseatic League.
-ik, a., Hanseatic.
hard, a., bold; daring, -itet, n.,
boldness; hardihood; daring.
haring, n., herring.
harlekin, n., harlequin.
harmoni, n., harmony, -os, a.»
harmonious.
harmonium, n., harmonium. .
hames, n., harness, -ar, v., to
harness.
harp, n., harp, -ist, n., harper.
harpun, n., harpoon.
hasard, n., hazard, -ar, v., to
venture; to stake; to hazard.
hast, n., haste; speed; hurry.
-ar, v., to hasten; to hurry; to
speed, -ik, a., hasty, -e, ad.,
hastily, -e ! i., hurry!;
qmck I *, be <\uick !
hastor— hord
65
n., hawk.
;, a., Hebraic; Hebraical;
aw.
1., ivy.
oni, n., hegemony.
, prefix signifying hexa-,
tetry n., hexameter.
I prefix signifying
>-, hundred-.
rat, n. , hectograph ; hek-
ph. -ar, v., to hecto-
i; to hektograph.
, n., helium.
ia, n., Switzerland,
n., liver.
, prefix signifying
-, seven-,
n., herald,
k, n., heraldry.
., grass, -aj, n., herbage,
n. , heir, -ar, v. , to m-
-ad, n., heritage; in-
ince.
, a., heretical, and n.,
ic. -ism, n., heresy.
rodlt, n. , hermaphro-
In, n., ermine.
:ik, a., hermetical; air-
., hero, -iky a,, heroic.
n., heroism.
n., heron.
, v., to hesitate.
jen, a., heterogeneous.
n., heterogeneousness.
, n., hyacinth (flower).
a., hydra.
prefix signifying water.
!iis, a., water-tight.
hidrod\nBiTn\\/i^ n. , hydrodynam-
ics.
hidrofobi«n., hydrophobia, -os,
a., hydrophobic
hidrogen, n., hydrogen (H).
hidropsi, n., dropsy, -iky a.,
dropsical; hydropic.
hidrostaiVik.^ n., hydrostatics.
hien, n., hyena.
hik, n., hiccough, -ar, v., to
hiccough.
himn, n., hymn.
hiperbol, n., hyperbole.
hipodrom, n., hippodrome.
hipokrit, n , hypocrite, -ik^ a.,
hypocritical.
hipopotam, n., hippopotamus.
hipotek, n., mortgage.
hipotes, n. , hypothesis.
hlsteri, n , hysteria, -ik (his-
terik), a,, hysterical.
histor, n., history, -ik, a,, his-
toric(al).
hom, n., man (human being).
-ik, a., human
homeopati, n. , h o m e o pathy.
-ik (homeopatik), a., homeo-
pathic -w/, n., homeopathist.
homo-, prefix signifying pro-
portionality.
homogen, a. , homogeneous.
homology a., homologous.
homonim, a., homonymous.
hotnoton (konsonans), n., con-
sonance.
honest, a , honest.
honor, n., honor, -ar^ v., to
honor, -abl, a., honorable.
-asion, n., honoring.
hor, n., hour. -metTy n., clock.
herd, n. , \ioi^^.
66
horisont— imperfekt
horisont, n., horizon, -ik (hori-
sontal), a , horizontal.
horor, n., horror, -os, a., hor-
rible.
hort, n., garden.
hospit, n , hospice.
hospital, n., hospital.
hotel, n., hotel, -er, n., land-
lord; hotel-keeper; host.
hum, n., ground; earth; hunms.
human, a., humane, -iiet, n.,
humanity; humaneness.
humid, a., humid; moist; wet;
damp, -ifikar, v., to wet; to
moisten; to dampen, -itet, n.,
humidity; moisture; damp-
ness.
humil, a , humble. -//ertineiit — In-fufnar
67
iin|>ertineiit, a., impertinent;
impudent; also not pertinent.
iili|>etu, n., impetus, -os^ a.,
impetuous, -ositety n., impet-
uosity.
important, a., important.
impost, n., impost; tax. -ar^
v., to tax.
impregnlar, v., to impregnate.
impresion, n., impression (men-
tal), -ar, v., to impress (men-
tally).
imprimar, v., to print; to im-
print; to impress, -eri, n.,
printing office.
improvisar, v., to improvise.
-alor, n. , improvisator.
impuls, n., impulse, -ar, v., to
impel, [ascribe; to attribute
imputar, v., to impute; to
in, p., in; into.
inaugurar, v, to inaugurate.
-aston, n., inauguration.
in-brasar, v. , to embrace.
Ind/a, n., India
indif erent, a. , indifferent.
indlgen, a., indigenous; native.
indigent, a., indigent; needy.
-itel (indigensj, n., indigence;
need.
indigo, n., indigo.
indilcar, v., to indicate.
indiluitiv, n., indicative.
indiniar, v., to be indignant.
indium, n., indium (In).
in dium, in mens e s., a day;
a month, etc. (p. e. dufoa in
mens=»twice a month).
individu, n., individual, -ik
(individual(itet)), a., individ-
ual, n,, individuality.
indolent, a., indolent, -i^el, n.,
indolence.
in dom de, p., in the house of;
at the house of.
indulgent, a., indulgent, -ite^,
n., indulgence; forbearance.
industii, n., industry. -/>^(in-
dustrial), a., industrial, -os,
a., industrious.
in-ebrar, v., to intoxicate.
inert, a., inert; lazy; slothful;
inactive, -iiel, n., inertia;
laziness; slothfulness; sloth;
inactivity.
infant, n., infant; child -o, n.,
child (male), -a, n., child
(female).
infanterl, n., infantry. -a«, a.,
infantry, -w/ (inf anterist) , n.,
foot-soldier; infantryman.
infelctar, v., to infect, -aston
(infeksion), n., infection.
inferior, a., inferior; lower.
-itet, n., inferiority, -e, ad.,
below; inferiorly.
inferiors de, p. , below.
infern, n., hell.
infinitiv, n., infinitive.
inflamar, v., to inflame (med. ).
-asioUy n., inflammation.
In-f lu^r, V. , to flow into.
influens, n., influence, -ar, v.,
to influence.
influensa, n., influenza.
informar{lih di 1«1«), v., to in-
form; to apprize. -arsedikU,
to inform one's self; to in-
quire about; to inquire into.
-asion, n., information.
in-fumar, v., to smoke (hams>
etc.). •
68
Inglotar— instru meat
I
Inglotar, v., to swallow.
Inhibiar, v., to forbid; to pro-
hibit.
In honor de, p. , in honor of.
Injenier, n., engineer.
[njenien militanV^, military
engineers.
in-kadrar, v^, to frame.
in-karnar, v., to incarnate.
-asion, n., incarnation.
in-kasar, v., to collect; to call
in.
inklinar, v. , to incline, -asion,
n., inclination.
In-klosar, v., to enclose.
Inklusiv^, ad., inclusively.
[n Uualilei de, c, as; in the ca-
pacity of.
inkud, n., anvil; also incus (of
ear).
[n-kurajtzr, v., to encourage.
in manler de, p., after the
manner of.
In-manuar, v. , to hand over.
In medial, ad., in the middle;
in the midst.
In medial de, p. , in the middle
of.
In-metar, v., to put in.
in nom de, p. , in the name of.
In omni kasu, ad. , in every case;
at all events.
In omni temp, ad., all the time;
the whole time.
Inosent, a., innocent, -ilet^ n.,
innocence.
In-plasar, v. , to insert.
In-presar, v., to press in.
In-respirar (inspirar), v., to in-
spire (breathe in).
ia-sakar, v., to pocket
in-sarkar, v., to coffin.
. Insekt, n. , insect.
in-seminar, v., to seed.
insendl, n., fire; conflagration.
-an, a., incendiary, -er, n„
fireman.
insens, n., incense, -ar, v., to
incense -er, n., censer; thuri-
ble, -ator, n., incenser.
in sentr de, p. , in the center of.
inserar, v., to insert; to adver-
tise (in paper). [cestuous.
Insestu, n., incest, -os, a., in-
Insinuar, v. , to insinuate.
insipid, a., insipid; flat.
in-skribar, v., to inscribe; to
enter.
Insolent, a., insolent, -itet, n.,
insolence.
in sosietet de,p., in company
with; in the society of.
inspektar, v., to inspect. -cUor^
n,, inspector.
insplrar, v. , to inspire, -asion,
n., inspiration.
Instar su kk, v., to insist upon
anything.
instal^r, v., to install. [cite.
instigar, v., to instigate; to in-
instlnkt, n., instinct.
instituar, v., to institute; to es-
tablish. -fl!^iinstitut), n., in-
stitution.
institua^ de edvikasion^ educa-
tional institution.
instru^r, v. , to i n s tr u c t ; to
teach, -ator^ n., instructor;
teacher.
instrument, n. , instrument;
tool; implement, -ar^ v., to
insttument (a.covn.^osition).
instrument-kompieks — Invltar
69
instrument-kompieks, n., set
of instruments.
in-sugar, v., to suck in.
instil, n., island, -an, n.,
islander. [suit.
insult, n., insult, -ar, v., to in-
integr, a., whole; entire, -itet,
n., integrity; entirety.
intelektu, n., intellect; under-
standing; mind; intelligence.
-oSy a., intellectual.
In temp de, p., in the time of;
at the time of.
intension, n., intention, -ar,
V. , to intend. -^, ad. , inten-
tionally.
Intenslv, a., intensive.
intent, n., intent; purpose.
interes, n., interest, -ar, v., to
interest.
interest, n. , interest (on money).
portar Interest, to bear in-
terest.
interior, a., interior; inner, -e,
ad., inside; within; interiorly.
interiors de, p., inside of; in-
side; within.
intern, a., internal.
intemaslonal, a., international.
interogar, v., to interrogate; to
ask; to inquire; to question.
interpret, n., interpreter, -ar,
v., to interpret.
interpunlctar, v., to punctuate.
-asion, n., punctuation.
intersedar, v., to intercede.
interumpar, v., to interrupt.
interval, n., interval.
interyeksion, n., interjection.
intestin, n., intestine; gut;
bowel.
intim, a., intimate; close, -itet,
n., intimacy.
intr, p., between; among, -ar,
V. , to enter, -ad, n , entrance
(place), -asion, n., entrance;
entry (act), -e, ad., between;
in between.
intrig, n., intrigue, -ar, v., to
intrigue.
intr-lud, n., interlude.
Introdukar, v., to introduce.
Intr-temp^, ad. , meanwhile;
meantime.
Xntnar, v., to contemplate.
-asion (intuision), n., intui-
tion; contemplation, -ativ
(intuitiv), a., intuitive; con-
templative.
inu, p., within (time).
Inunaar, v. , to inundate; to
deluge; to flood, -asion, n.,
inundation; deluge; flood.
In-urg^r, v., to force in; to in-
trude.
invalid, a., invalid, and n., in-
valid, -itet, n., invalidity.
Invasion, n., invasion.
inventor, v., to invent, -asion
(invension), n., invention.
-ator (inventor), n., inven-
tor.
inventar, n., inventory.
In-versar, v., to infuse; to pour
into; to instil.
inversiar, v., to invert; to re-
verse, -e, ad., inversely; vice
versa.
Investig^r, v., to investigate.
-asion, n., investigation.
-ator^ n.j investigator.
invltar, v . , \.o \\i\\\.^ ,
70
inyuri— kalibr
inyuri, n., abuse; reviling; rail-
ing; affront, -ar, v., to abuse;
to revile; to rail at; to affront;
to speak injuriously to or of.
iod, n., iodine (I).
ipse, ad., even.
iridium, n., iridium (Ir).
\t\%ar, v., to irrigate; to water.
-asion^ n., irrigation.
iris, n., rainbow; iris.
Mtar, v., to irritate (excite).
Iriandz'a, n., Ireland.
iron!, n.» irony, -os, a., ironical.
Island/a, n., Iceland.
-ism, suffix equivalent to the
English -ism.
\so\ar, v., to isolate; to insulate.
ist, pr. d., this, -foa, ad., this
time.
-ist, suffix which, with a non-
verbal root, forms a substan-
tive denoting a person who
applies himself to something,
occupies himself with some-
thing. •
ist-lcos, pr., this (thing).
istm, n., isthmus.
it, pr., it.
Itah'a, n., Italy, -iatiy a.,
Italian; pertaining to Italy,
and n., an Italian, -iana, n.,
Italian (woman), -ik, a.,
Italian; in Italian; Italian-
it bel, the beautiful, [speaking.
it bon, the good.
it mal, the bad; the evil.
it sem, the same (neut. ).
iterbium n., ytterbium (Yb).
-itet, suffix which, with an ad-
jective, forms a substantive
denoting quality.
itrium, n., yttrium (Y).
Ivor, n., ivory.
jalus, a., jealous, -iiet^ n., jeal-
ousy.
K
ka, c, than.
kabal, n., cabal, -ar, v., to cabal.
laibin, n., cabin (of a ship).
kabinet, n., cabinet; study.
kabi, n., calDle.
kad, n., fall, -ar, v., to fall; to
drop.
kadavr, n., corpse; cadaver.
kadetis, n., cadence.
kadet, n., cadet.
kadmlum, n., cadmium (Cd).
kadr, n., frame.
laif, n., coffee, -eri^ n., coffee-
house; caf^.
kakad^, n., cockatoo.
kakao, n., cacao; cocoa.
kakt, n., cactus.
kal,n., callufi. -os, a., callous.
kalar, v., to be warm, -id^ a.,
warm ; hot. -ideskar, v. , to be-
come warm, -idifikar^ v. , to
warm. -f n., coke.
n., neck, -ad, n., collar.
5, n., colleague,
ktflr, v., to collect, -ady n.,
lection.
P, n., anger; wrath, -ar,
to be angry -os, a. , angry.
rik, a., choleric, -iker, n.,
>leric man.
ra, n., cholera.
:, n., colic.
ion, n., collision, -ar, v.,
come into collision.
nel, n., colonel
ni, n., colony, -ar, v., to
onize. -i^ (kolonial), a.,
onial -ist (kolonist), n.,
onist.
r, n. , color, -ar, v. , to color.
s, n., colossus, -z^ (kolosal),
colossal.
mb, n., dove; pigeon.
mn, n., column (typogra-
y, architecture); pillar.
a, n., comma.
And, n., command; com-
ndtnent; order, -ar, v., to
'znand; to order.
komandit, n., silent partner-
ship.
koma-punkt, n., semicolon.
ko-matr, n., godmother.
kombat, n., combat; fight; con-
flict, -ar, v., to fight; to com-
bat.
kombinar, v., to combine; to
compound.
kombustar, v., to burn (trans.).
komedi, n., comedy, -an^ a.,
comedic, and n., comedian.
komens, n., commencement;
beginning, -ar, v., to com-
mence; to begin, -e (or : in
komens), ad., in the begin-
ning.
komentar, v., to comment.
komers, n., commerce; trade.
-ar^ v., to trade. [man.
komers-media;//, n., middle-
komet, n., comet.
komfort, n.. comfort, -os^ a.,
comfortable.
kom/^, a., comic(al).
komisar, n., commissioner;
commissary. [errand.
komislon, n., commission;
komitar, v., to order; to com-
mission, -asion, n., order.
komitar avans^, to order in
advance.
komitet, n., committee.
komod, n., bureau; chest of
drawers; commode.
komod, a., convenient, -itet,
n., convenience; commodious-
ness.
kompakt^ «l., c-oto^^cV.
kompan, n., c.o\s\^^mcyo.. -o-^^
v., to aeconv^aLtv^ .
76
komparar^konfet
komparar, v., to compare; to
liken. -a5zc«, n., comparison.
komparatlv, n., comparative.
kompas, n., compass.
kompasion, n., compassion;
pity, -ar, v., to compassionate;
to pity.
kompens^r, v., to compensate.
-asion, n., compensation.
kompetent, a., competent.
kompleks, n., the aggregate;
the whole. -ar,\. ,to aggregate.
komplement, n., complement.
komplesant, a., complaisant.
komplet, a., complete, -e, ad.,
completely, -ifikar^ v., to
complete.
komplika;', v., to complicate; to
entangle; to involve.
kompliment, n., compliment,
-ar, v., to compliment.
komplot, n., complot; plot.
komposar, v., to compose.
-atoKy n., composer (music).
kompost, n., compost; manure.
-ar, v. , to manure.
kompot, n., stew.
komprendar, v., to compre-
hend; to understand, -ably a.,
comprehensible; intelligible.
kompres, n., compress.
komt, n., count (title).
komun, n., community, -ik, a.,
common.
komunikar, v., to communi-
cate; to hold intercourse; to
deal; to communicate (in sense
of to make known), -asion,
n., communication; inter-
course; dealing; communica-
ti'on (making known ) .
komunion, n., communion
(sacrament).
kon, n., cone, -ik, a., conic(al).
kondamnar, v., to condemn;
to damn, -asion, n., condem-
nation.
kondensar, v., to condense; to
thicken; to inspissate (all
trans.), -asion^ n., condensa-
tion. -atoTy n., condenser.
kondesend^r, v . , to condescend.
kondision, n., condition (stipu-
lation).
kondlsional, n., conditio nal
mood.
kondolar, v., to condole with.
-asion, n., condolence.
kondor, n., condor.
kondukar, v., to conduct (e. g.
water, etc.). -asion, n., con-
ducting; conduction.
kondukt, n., conduct; behavior;
deportment; demeanor, -ar
se, v., to conduct (one*s self);
to behave; to deport (one's
self); to demean (one's
self;.
konduktor, n., conductor.
koneks, n., connection, -af, v.,
to connect.
konfederar, v., to confederate.
-asion, n., confederation.
konferar, v., to confer; to nego-
tiate.
konfesar, v., to confess; to ac-
knowledge; to avow; to own.
-asion (konfesion), n., con-
fession.
konfesion, n., religious denomi-
konfid— konsist^zr
77
n., confidence; trust;
e. -ar, v., to entrust;
ide (in); to rely (upon);
IS, n., confidence, -ik
ensial), a., confiden-
2r, V. , to confirm, -and,
►ne to be confirmed.
r, V. , to confiscate.
, n., conflict; clash,
I, a., conformable. -^,
nformabl)^. -u, p. , co'h-
le to. -itet, n., con-
7.
iar^ v., to confront.
ar, v.. to confound; to
e. -asion, n., confound-
istaking.
•n, n., confusion; dis-
-ar, V. , to confuse,
zr, v., to congest,
(kongestion), n., con-
. •
► n., congress.
nt, a., congruent, -itet
liens), n., congruence.
Q., cognac.
n., conifer.
, shell; conch.
a., concave, -itet, n.,
ity.
ar, v., to conclude; to
, n., concord.
t, n. , conquest, -ar, v. ,
quer. -ator, n., con-
r, v., to compete, -ant,
:ompetitor. -asion, n.,
\i\on.
konosar, v., to know; to be ac-
quainted with, -ady n., knowl-
edge, -eskar, v., to make the
acquaintance of; to become
acquainted with.
konsakrar, v., to consecrate.
konsekuent, a. , consequent.
-itet (konsekuens), n., conse-
quence.
konsent, n., consent, -ar, v.,
to consent.
konsentrar, v., to concentrate.
konseptar, v., to conceive (men-
tally or physically); to appre-
hend, -asion, n., conception
(mental or physical).
konsernar, v., to concern; to
relate to.
konsert, n., concert, -ar, v., to
give a concert.
konservar, v., to conserve.
konsesion, n., concession;
grant, -ar^ v., to concede; to
grant; to accord.
konsidar, v., to consider; to re-
gard; to mind; to pay atten-
tion to.
konsiderar, v., to consider (re-
flect upon; also deem); to pon-
der; to deem, -asion ^ n., con-
sideration, -afitu, p., in con-
sideration of; in view of.
konslent, n., conscience, -os,
a., conscientious.
konsil, n., council.
konsili, n., counsel; advice,
-ar, v., to counsel; to advise.
-abl, a., advisable, -er^ n.,
councilor.
konsistar eks, konsistar in»
v., to consist ol\ to ^r. a., bookkeeper.
Ilevr, n., liare.
llga, n,, league.
lign, n., wood, -ik, a., wooden.
~atr, a., woodlike; ligneous.
-17;, a., abounding in wood;
llgn-vas, a., trough, [woody.
Ilgn-ven, n., veinCof wood);
grain.
liken, n., lichen (bot. and med.).
Ilker, n., liquor.
Ilkriv, n.. lye.
Ilkuidur, v.. to liquidate.
Ilm, ]
, tile
file
-ator. n., filer.
limit, n., limit; boundary, -ar,
v., to limit; to bound.
Ilmon, D., lemon, -ad, n.,
lemonade.
limpid, a. limpid,
JJn, n,, flax; lint. -q/,n., linen
(washing).
Iln-drap, n., linen-doth; linen.
Ilngu, 11., language, -ist, n., phi-
lologist; linguist.
Ungu universal, universal
language.
llRl, n„ hue. -,ir,v.. to line; to
rule; to draw lines on. -ik
(linear), a., linear.
\lnUt de sepaTiMion, dash;
Waiet de union, hyphen.
links, n., lynx.
lln-pekt, 11, h^tchel; heckle.
-ar, v., to hatcliel: to heckle.
Ilr, n.,1jre.
llsensi, n., license, -ar, v.. to
license, -ad, n., the licit, -td,
part., licentiate, -as, a., licen-
tious, -ositei, n., licentiont-
llseum, a., lyceum; college.
list, n,, list.
lltani, n., litany.
lltarg, n.. litharge.
llt«r, n., letter (of alphabet);
character, -ar v.. to epell.
literal, a., literal,
literatur, n.. literature.
litlum,!!., lithium (Li).
Iltr, n.. liter: litre.
LItuani'ir, n,, Lithuania.
Ilturgl,n., liturgy. -(*(lituigikt,
a., liturgical.
Hut, n,. lute.
Llvooia. n.p Livonia.
livr, n., pound (weight),
llvrfi, n., livery,
lob, n., lobe.
lodji, n., box (in theater, etc):
lodge (place of meeting).
\ \oiE^\.m, n., lo^rithm.
logik — magr
85
iogik, n., logic, -al, a., logical.
lojiy n., lodging, -ar, v., to
lok, n., place. [lodge.
lokal, n., locality.
lokomobily n., locomotor.
lokomotiv, n., locomotive.
lokuas, a., loquacious; garru-
lous; talkative, -iteiy n., lo-
quacity; garrulousness; talka-
tiveness.
lokust, n., locust; grasshopper.
lomb, n., loin.
lombard, n., pawnshop.
LombardzVz, n., Lombardy.
lombrik, n., earthworm.
longy a., long, -itet, n., length.
-€, ad., long; for a long time.
-«, p., along.
lor, pr., their; theirs.
lot, n., lot.
lota, n., burbot; eel-i)out.
Lotaringia, n., Lorraine.
loteriy n., lottery.
loyal, a., loyal, -itei, n., loyalty.
luar, v., to lease, -ator, n.,
lessee, -ad, n., lease.
lubn*^, a., slippery, -ikiteiy n.,
slipperiness. -ifikasion, n.,
lubrication.
lud, n., play; game, -ar, v., to
play.
luk, n., pike (fish). [able.
lukrativ, a., lucrative; profit-
luks, n., luxury, -os, a., luxu-
rious. 'Osilett n., luxurious-
ness.
luksur, a., luxuriant, -itel, n.,
luxuriance.
luktu, n., mourning, -ar, v., to
mourn, -os, a., mournful;
sorrowfuJ.
itim, n., light, -ar, v., to shine;
to give light.
lun, n., moon.
lunat/^, a,, lunatic; crazy.
lundi, n., Monday, -an and de
lundi, a., Monday.
lup, n., wolf.
lupin, n., lupine.
lupul, n., hop; hops,
lusid, a., lucid. -z/
to manifest; to disclose; to di-
vulge; to reveal.
manlpular, v., to manipulate.
-asion ^ n., manipulation.
manivel, n., winch; crank.
mankar, v. intr., to be wanting;
to be lacking, and v. tr., to
miss. -«, p., for lack of; for
want of; in default of.
manovr, n., manoeuver; ma-
noeuvre, -ar, v., to manoeuver.
mansard, n., Mansard roof.
mansh, n., sleeve, -et, n., cuff;
ruffle.
mantel, n., mantle; cloak, -ar,
v., to cloak; to palliate.
mantenar, v., to maintain.
mantili, n., mantilla.
manu, n., hand.
manu-drap, n., towel.
manuskript, n., manuscript.
mar, n., sea.
marasm, n., marasmus.
mar-bord, n., seashore; strand;
coast; beach.
marg, n., marl.
margarit, n., daisy.
marin, n., marine; navy.
maHnar, v., to marinate; to
p\ck\e. -ad,"a..,\>\R.VAft.d food.
■Murionet— medi
87
marionet, n., marionette; pop-
pet.
marit, n., spouse, -ar, v., to
marry, -o^ n., husband, -a,
n., wife.
maiic, n., mark, -ar, v., to
mark; to mark out (render
conspicuous).
mark, n., mark (money).
mar-krev, n., lobste^.
marli, n., marly, -ik and de m*,
a., marly (of marly)
marmelad, n., marmalade.
marmor, n., marble.
marmot, n., marmot.
marokiii, n., mon>cco.
maron, n., maroon (chestnut).
mars, n., March.
marsdi, n., Tuesday, -an and
de m., a., Tuesday.
marsh, n., march; move (in
chess), -ar, v., to march; to
move (in chess).
oiarslial, n., marshal.
marsipan, n., marchpane.
mart, n., martet^. [hammer.
martel, n., hammer, -ar^ v., to
martir, n., martyr.
mas, n.) mass (bulk).
masakr, n., massacre, -ar, v.,
to massacre.
mashin, n., machine.
maslv, a., massive.
mask, n., mask, -ar, v., to
mask.
maskul, n., male, -ik (masku-
lin), a., masculine; male.
mast, n., mast (of ship).
mastik, n., mastic.
mastikar, v., to masticate; to
chew.
mastodon, n., mastodon.
masuHca, n., mazurka.
mat, a., dim; dull; mate (in
chess), -ifikar^ v., to dim; to
dull.
matador, n., matador.
matematik, n., mathematics,
-fl/, a., mathematical.
materi, n., matter, -ik (mate-
rial ) , a. , material.
material, n., material, -isvi ,
n., materialism.
matin, n., morning. -^, ad., in
the morning,
matin-repast, n, breakfast.
-ar, v. , to breakfast.
matr, n., mother.
matras, n., mattress.
matrimoni, n., matrimony;
marriage, -an (matrimonial )
a., matrimonial.
matris, n., matrix; mold;
womb; uterus.
matron, n., matron.
matur, a., mature; ripe, -eskar,
v., to ripen, -itet, n., maturity;
ripeness.
maur, n., mulberry-tree.
maur-ber, n., mulberry.
mayestet, n., majesty.
mayor, n., major.
mayoran, n., marjoram.
mayoritet, n,, majority.
medall, n., medal.
medalion, n., medallion.
medi, n., medium; means, -ar^
v., to mediate, -ad, n., mid-
dle, -asion, n., mediation
-ator, n., mediator, -ik^ a.,
middle. -«, p., by means of
through; V>y\ V\\i..
88
mediat— mespii
mediat, a., mediate.
medi-dlgit, n., middle finger.
medi-diurn, n., midday; noon.
-e, ad., at noon.
medi-epok, n., Middle Ages.
medi-grand, a., medium.
medik, n., physician; doctor.
medlkament, n., medicament;
medicine.
medi-noktu, n., midnight. -Cy
ad., at midnight.
mediokr, a., mediocre, -itet^
n., mediocrity.
medisln, n., medicine (the sci-
ence), -ist, n., medical man.
meditar, v. , to meditate.
meditar profunda di kk, to
be lost in thought; to be ab-
sorbed in thought.
Mediteran (mar), Mediterra-
medul, n., marrow, [nean Sea.
mekanik, n., mechanics, -er,
n., mechanician. •
mekanism, n., mechanism.
Meksik, n., Mexico, -an, a.,
Mexican.
melankoli, n., melancholy, -ik
(melankolik), a. , melancholic.
-/^^r(melankoliker), n., mel-
ancholy person.
melas, n., molasses.
meleagr, n., turkey.
melodi, n., melody, -os^ a.,
melon, n., melon, [melodious.
membr, n., member.
membran, n., membrane.
memori, n., memory, -ar, v.,
to remember; to recollect; to
call to mind, -ahl, a., memo-
rable, -e, ad., from memory;
by heart.
mena], n., management, -ar,
V. , to manage.
menas, n., menace; threat, -ar^
v., to menace; to threaten.
mendikar, v., to heg.-an^, part. ,
mendicant; beggar.
mens, n., month.
mension, n., mention, -ar^ v.,
to mention.
ment, n., mint (bot.).
mentlar, v., to lie. -ad^ n., lie.
mentiar a kh, to lie to any-
one.
menton, n., chin.
mentor, n., mentor.
mergar, v., to immerse; to
plunge; to dip.
meridian, n., meridian, -i^^ a.,
meridional.
merit, n. , merit, -ar, v. , to
merit; to deserve.
merkant, n., merchant, -ar, v.,
to bargain; to haggle, -ad, n.,
merchandise; goods; wares. -iJt
(merkantil), a., mercantile.
merkur, n., mercury; quick-
silver (Hg).
merkurdi, n., Wednesday, -an
and de m., a., Wednesday.
merl, n., blackbird.
merslar, v., to thank, -oflf, n.,
thanks, -asion, n., thanking;
thanksgiving, -os, sl., thank-
ful; grateful, -ositei, n.,
thankfulness; gratitude.
mes, n., mass (sacrifice).
mesanin, n., mezzanine.
mesenteri, n., mesentery, -ik
(mesenterik\ a., mesenteric.
Meslas, n., Messiah.
mestis— mirt
89
mestis, n., half-breed; hybrid.
mesur, n., measure, -ar, v., to
measure; to measure off.
metar, v., to put.
metafisik, n., metaphysics.
metafor, n., metaphor. [lie.
metal, n., metal, -iky a., metal-
metal-fil, n., wire.
metamorfoSy n., metamorpho-
sis, -ar, v., to metamorphose.
meteor, n. , meteor.
meteoroiogi , p . , • meteorology.
nsetler, n., Handicraft; trade.
-isl, n., artisan; mechanic.
metar in parentesi, to put in
parentheses.
metar ovi, to lay (of fowls).
metr, n., m e t e r (measure of
length).
-metr, suffix signifjang a per-
son or thing measuring some-
thing.
metropol, n., metropolis.
mi, pr., I.
miasm, n., miasm; miasma.
mie, pr., my; mine.
miel, n., honey.
migrar, v., to migrate.
mig^n, n., migraine; megrim.
mikro-, prefix signif5dng small-
ness.
mikrokBpik, a., small-headed;
microcephalous.
ntikro^meiry n., micrometer.
miksar, v., to mix; to mingle;
to blend; to admix.
mil^ nr., thousand.
miliar, n., mile.
millet, n., millet.
mllion, nr., million, -er, n.,
tmHionaire,
milisl, n., militia, -an and de
m., a., militia.
milltar, n., the military, -ik,
a., military, -ism, n., mili-
tarism.
mim, n., mien.
mimik, n., mimics; mimic art.
mimos, n., mimosa; sensitive-
f)lant.
n, n., mine, -ar, v., to mine.
mineral, n., mineral.
minim, a., small; little, -itel,
n., smallness.
minimum, n., minimum.
minion, a., pretty; nice.
minister, n., ministry (minis-
terial department).
ministr, n., minister (public
official).
minium, n., minium.
min-konstrua^i^;/, n., mining.
minoritet, n., minority.
minu, ad., less, -ar, v., to les-
sen; to diminish; to reduce;
to lower; to decrease, -eskar,
v., to decrease; to diminish;
to lessen.
minusi, n., minutia. -os, a.,
petty; paltry; trivial; minute.
-ositet, n., minuteness; petti-
ness; paltriness.
minut, n., minute.
miop, a., myopic; shortsighted.
-itet^ n., myopia; shortsight-
edness.
miosot, n., forget-me-not.
mir, n., myrrh.
miraki, n., miracle, -os^ a. ,
miraculous.
miror , n . , m.\trot ^looVAxv^-'^'asftv .
mlrt, n., 'C[i7t>;\^.
88
medial — mespll
mediat, a., mediate.
medi-digit, n., middle finger.
medi-diurn, n., midday; noon.
-€, ad., at noon.
medi-epok, n., Middle Ages.
medi-grand, a., medium.
medik, n., physician; doctor.
medikament, n., medicament;
medicine.
medi-noktu, n., midnight, -e,
ad., at midnight.
mediokr, a., mediocre, -itet^
n., mediocrity.
medisin, n., medicine (the sci-
ence), -isty n., medical man.
meditar, v. , to meditate.
meditar profunda di kk, to
be lost in thought; to be ab-
sorbed in thought.
Mediteran (mar), Mediterra-
medul, n., marrow, [nean Sea.
mekanik, n., mechanics, -er,
n., mechanician. •
mekanism, n., mechanism.
Meksik, n., Mexico, -an, a.,
Mexican.
melankoH, n., melancholy, -ik
(melankolik), a., melancholic.
-/^^r(melankoliker), n., mel-
ancholy person.
melas, n., molasses.
meleagr, n., turkey.
melodi, n., melody, -os^ a.,
melon, n., melon, [melodious.
membr, n., member.
membran, n., membrane.
memori, n., memory, -ar, v.,
to remember; to recollect; to
call to mind, -ably a., memo-
rable. -e, ad.y from memory;
by heart.
menaj, n., management, -ar^
v., to manage.
menas, n., menace; threat, -ar,
v., to menace; to threaten.
mendikar, v., to heg.-anl, part. ,
mendicant; beggar.
mens, n., month.
mension, n., mention, -ar, v.,
to mention.
ment, n., mint (bot.).
mentlar, v., to lie. -ad, n., lie.
mentlar a kh, to lie to any-
one.
menton, n., chin.
mentor, n., mentor.
mergar, v., to immerse; to
plunge; to dip.
meridian, n., meridian, -iky a.,
meridional.
merit, n., merit, -ar, v., to
merit; to deserve.
merkant, n., merchant, ^-ar, v.,
to bargain; to haggle, -ad, n.,
merchandise ; goods ; wares, -ik
(merkantil), a., mercantile.
merkur, n., mercury; quick-
silver (Hg).
merkurdi, n., Wednesday, -an
and de m., a., Wednesday.
meri, n., blackbird.
merslar, v., to thank, -ad, n.,
thanks, -asion, n., thanking;
thanksgiving, -os, a., thank-
ful; grateful, -ositet, n.,
thankfulness; gratitude.
mes, n., mass (sacrifice).
mesanin, n., mezzanine.
mesenterl, n., mesentery, -tk
^trv^s^xi\.^rC&>, ^.^ Tafisenteric.
mestis— mirt
89
mestis, n., half-breed; hybrid.
mesur, n., measure, wrr, v., to
measure; to measure off.
metar, v., to put.
metafisik, n., metaphysics.
metalor, n., metaphor. [lie.
metal, n., metal, -ik, a., metal-
metal -111, n., wire.
metamorfos, n., metamorpho-
sis, -ar, v., to metamorphose.
meteor, n., meteor.
meteorologi, p ., •' meteorology.
•netier, n., Handicraft; trade.
-isl, n., artisan; mechanic.
met^r In parentes^', to put in
parentheses.
met^r ov*, to lay (of fowls).
metr, n. , meter (measure of
length).
-metr, suffix signifjdng a per-
son or thing measuring some-
thing.
metropoi, n., metropolis.
mi, pr., I.
miasm, n., miasm; miasma.
mie, pr., my; mine.
miel, n., honey.
migr^r, v., to migrate.
mig^n, n., migraine; megrim.
mikro-, prefix signif jdng small-
ness.
mikroUaptk, a., small-headed;
microcephalous.
mikro-meir, n., micrometer.
miksar, v., to mix; to mingle;
to blend; to admix.
mil^ nr., thousand.
miliar, n., mile.
millet, n., millet.
mUion, nr., million, -er, n.,
millionaire.
milisi, n., militia, -an and de
m., a., militia.
miiitar, n., the military, -ik,
a., military, -ism, n., mili-
tarism.
mim, n.) mien.
mimik, n., mimics; mimic art.
mimog) n., mimosa; sensitive-
plant.
min, n., mine, -ar, v., to mine.
mineral, n., mineral.
minim, a., small; little, -itet,
n. , smallness.
minimum, n., minimum.
minion, a., pretty; nice.
minister, n., ministry (minis-
terial department).
minlstr, n., minister (public
official).
minium, n., minium.
min-konstrua5/^;/, n., mining.
minoritet, n., minority.
minu, ad., less, -ar, v., to les-
sen; to diminish; to reduce;
to lower; to decrease, -eskar^
v., to decrease; to diminish;
to lessen.
minusi, n., minutia. -os, a.,
petty; paltry; trivial; minute.
-ositet, n., minuteness; petti-
ness; paltriness.
minut, n., minute.
miop, a., myopic; shortsighted.
-itet^ n., myopia; shortsight-
edness.
miosot, n., forget-me-not.
mir, n., myrrh.
miraki, n., trvitacV^. -os^^.>
tn\raeu\ou^.
miror , n . , tsv\TTox\\ooV\\\%-'g^'a-^^
medial— mesp] I
^^ medlat, a., mediate.
^medi-diglt, n., middle fmge
^edl-dlurn, n,, midday;
„jH4]^ok, n., Middle Ages.
i/iisanSffidS^i 3-. medium.
mlsaotropriiT^fikli; doctor.
/nijdellnlar-. v., to miSlkavient;
inisdukar, v., to mislead.
miser, □., misery; wretched-
-adl, a., miserable; wretched.
mlserikord, n., mercy, -oj, a,,
merciful.
)/ii.!fortuii, u., miBfortUQe.
jjiiVkompread^r, v., to misun-
derstaud. -ad, u., misunder-
., distrust, -ar, v.,
,, distrustful.
,, discredit.
, to mislay; tomis-
niiskonlla, t
to distrust. -
wish red It, n
iHismttar, v
place.
inisparlar, v., i
misteri, □., n
mysterious.
mlBtiflki/r, v.,
tHisversar, v., to spill.
mltiir. v., to send,
mltar posteriori-, ti
afterwards.
mitr, u., mitre; miter.
mltar radii SU kk.
ment, n., mint jlmtT
mode's^; v., to lie -«(,•«
iug. -iVrf'*, to lie I
modlflkiir, v., to modify
mok, u., mockery; scofl
V. , to mock ; to scoiT.
mo[, a., soft; mellow. -
-ijitaiii, part., emolliei
ening. -tiet, n., softne:
lowness.
Moldavia, n., Moldavia,
molekul, u., molecul
(molekular), a., molecu
molester, v., to mole
annoy, -ik. a , burde
molibden, n. , molyb
|Mo),
molin, n.,Tiii11. -ar.y., tc
■nolo, n., mole: wharf.
molusk, u ,. mollusk.
momeat.
>ba. a
-trs/c/v, n.. inobiJization.
-a. i
monark, ■a,, monarch,
monarchy.
. nw>na»let,"ii.,\nQattqtei
lontt— munlslpal
obits.
m,x^ .OEraiii.
., monologue.
I., monopoly.
t, ft., monosyllabic.
I., monotonous,
v., to show; to point
I., monster, -os. a..
lonntain range; chain
'., to mount (make
t, n., monument, -ik,
slay, -ar, v., to de-
linger; to loiter; to
moral. ~ad, n.,
I ; moral philosophy,
morality; morals.
, measles.
., to bite, -ad, a.,
, morphine; morphia,
to die; to expire.
:. -abl, a
mort, ti,, death, -ik, a., dead;
defunct. [mortality.
mortal, a., mortal, -ilel.n.,
mortar, n., mortar(cement). ~
mortWMuir, v., to kill; to slay.
mosalk, II,, mosiiic,
mosk^, n., mosque.
mosKli, n., mosquito.
most, n.. must.
mostard, n., mustard.
motlv, n., motive; reason, -ar,
actuate.
movar-, v. tr
movable, -anon, n., motion;
movement, -ofof (motor), n.,
muf, n., mold, -ar, v., to mold;
to become molrly
mulnt, n., a mulatto.
mulet, n., hinny.
mulkt, n., mulct; fine. -ar. v.,
to mulct; to fine.
mult, a., much; many, -f, ad.,
much; very, -foa, ad., many
times, -liet, n., multitude;
crowd, -opl, a., manifold;
multiple.
multf beae, ad., very well.
muMXv^lkar, v., to multiply.
mumi, n., mammy.
mund, n., world.
muDlstoiii n., munition (war
inatet\B\V .
mur— iiaus6
mur, n., wall, -ar, v., to wall
(up), -ator, n., mason.
murmurar, v., to murmur; to
grumble.
mus, n., mouse.
musa, n., muse.
musard, n., gaper; gazer; starer.
-ar, v., to gape; to gaze; to
stare.
mus6, n., museum.
musel, n., muzzle (snout of an-
imal).
muselier, n., muzzle (fasten-
ing).
musik, n., music, -ar, v., to
make (render) music. -«/, a.,
musical .
musikar medi» flaut, to play
the flute.
musikar tne^Xu sltr, to play
the zither.
musikar medi/^ violin, to play
the violin.
musikar medi^^ violoncel, to
play the violoncello.
musk, n., fly.
muskad, n., nutmeg.
musket, n., musket.
muski, n., moss, -os, a., mossy.
muskul, n., muscle, -os^ a.,
muscular.
muslin, n., muslin.
mustak/, n., moustache; mus-
tache.
mustel, n., weasel.
mut, a., mute; dumb.
mutar, v., to change; to alter.
mutar domisil, to change one's
residence; to remove.
jttutJJar, v., to mutilate.
muton, n., sheep.
N
nadir, n., nadir.
naft, n., naphtha.
naiv, a.» naive; artless; ingen-
uous, -itet^ n.f naivety; art-
lessness; ingenuousness.
nan, n., dwarf; pygmy.
nankin, n., nankeen.
narar, v., to narrate; to tell; to
relate, -aston, n., narration;
account.
naris, n., nostril.
narkotisar, v., to narcotize.
-ant^ part., narcotic, -asion,
n., narcosis.
narsis, n., narcissus.
narval, n., narwhal; unicorn-
whale.
nas, n., nose.
nasion, n., nation.
nasional, a., national, -itet.n.,
nationality.
naskar, v. , to be bom.
nas-lcatar, n. , cold (in the head).
nat, n., birth; nativity, -ar, v.,
to give birth to; to bring forth;
to bear, -asion, n., childbirth;
delivery; confinement.
nativitet, n., Christmas.
natrium, n., natrium; sodium
(Na).
natur, n., nature, -e (naturals),
ad., naturally, -ik (natural),
a., natural.
naturailsar, v., to naturalize.
-asion, n., naturalization.
naufrag, n., shipwreck, -ar, v.,
to suffer shipwreck.
naus6, n., nausea, -ar, v., to
\ navxstaXje. . -os ^ «l. , nauseous.
nav— neopersian
93
nav, n., ship; vessel.
navlg^ar, v., to navigate, -asion^
n., navigation.
nayady n., naiad.
ne-, prefix signifying contra-
dictory opposition.
ne&mlhf n., enemy.
nesptf a. , clumsy; awkward;
unskilful; inapt. -iUty n.,
clumsiness; awkwardness; in-
aptitude.
nebl, n., fog; mist, -os, a. , foggy;
misty; nebulous.
nedependanl, part., indepen-
dent. -^V^A n.» independence.
Nederland^, n. , Holland;
Netherlands. -daUj a., Dutch;
Holland, and n., Hollander.
-ik, a., Dutch; in Dutch;
Dutch-speaking. [evitable.
neevitabl, a., unavoidable; in-
net, n., nephew or niece. -o,n.,
nephew. -^, n., niece.
nefBuadlf a.., infallible.
n^iasllf a. , difficult; hard, -itet,
n., difficulty, -ifikar^ v., to
make (render) difficult.
Xke%ar, v., to denjr. -asion^ n.,
negation; denial, -ativ, a.,
negative.
negligar, v., to neglect; to
slight. -antUf p., regardless
of. -ik, a., negligent.
negliga^ it, ad., nevertheless;
however.
negll^anle ke, c, although;
though.
nes;08i, n., business, -ar, v., to
carry on business; to do busi-
ness, -antt part., business
man. -t^, a., business.
negr, a., black, and n., negro.
-ad, n., blacking, -atr, a.,
blackish, -ifikar, v., to black-
en.
Negr (mar), Black Sea.
negr-kaval, n., black horse.
negr-pan, n., black bread.
//important, a., unimportant;
insignificant.
;;^kapabl, a. , incapable.
;;^kar, a., cheap.
M^kast, a., unchaste; impure.
-itet^ n., unchasity; impurity.
//^komunikar, v., to keep (not
communicate); to conceal.
^^kontent, a., discontented;
dissatisfied, -itet, n^, discon-
tent; dissatisfaction.
nekredabl^ a., incredible, -anty
part., incredulous; unbeliev-
ing, -antiiety n., incredulous-
ness; incredulity.
nekrolog, n., necrology; obitu-
ary.
nekromant, n., necromancer.
nektar, n., nectar.
ne\Q>Vk%e, ad., lately; recently;
not long ago.
nevas^vXedy part., immaculate;
unblemished; imstained; spot-
less.
;;^niatur, a., immature; unripe.
;;^niediat, a., immediate. -t;
to tie.
//(7honi, pr. ind., noill; reckoning,
notary.
v., to intimate; tosig-
ision, n,y intimation.
, notorious,
nd. a., no.
!w. -itety n., novelty;
line.
ir., ninety.
n., November.
novice.
sbade (color), wrr,
ide (color),
oud.
lubile; marriageable,
nubility.
ide; naked; bare.
., to bare; to denude.
nudity; nakedness.
nucha ; nape of the
ought; zero.
9 n., numeral.
distributiv,
dis-
Itenitiv, iterative.
kardinal, cardinal.
multiplikatlv, mul-
e.
4>rdiiial, ordinal,
number, -ar, v., to
Hitory n., numerator,
umerous.
kt even number,
tnessenger.
redding; nuptials.
nils, n., nut. -et, n., hazel-nut.
nutrLir, v., to nourish; to nurse;
to foster, -atora^ n., nurse.
o
ol, i., O !; oh !
-o, suffix denoting a person or
animal of the masculine gen-
der.
oasi, n., oasis.
obedl^zr, v., to obey, -ant, part.,
obedient.
obelisk, n., obelisk.
obligar, v., to oblige; to bind.
-dd^ n., obligation, -dsion,
n., obligation.
obligar medico yurad, to bind
by oath.
obliku, a., oblique; slanting.
-ilet, n., obliquity; oblique-
ness.
obllviar, v., to forget, -asion
(oblivion), n., forgetting; for-
getfulness; oblivion, -os, a.,
forgetful; oblivious, -ositet,
n., forgetfulness; oblivious-
ness.
oblong, a., oblong.
obsen, a., obscene, -itet^ n.,
obscenity.
observer, v., to observe (notice;
also, follow), -asion ^ n., ob-
servation.
obsidl^ir, v., to besiege; to be-
leaguer; to invest, -asion ^ n.,
siege.
obskur, a., obscure; dark. -Uet,
n., obscurity; darkness.
obskur-blu, a., dark-blue.
obskur-bruA« ^., ^AtVAno^x^.
96
obstakl-omln
obstaki, n. , obstacle; hindrance.
obstinar, v., to be obstinate.
-ant, part., obstinate; wilful;
stubborn, -asion, n., obsti-
nacy; wilfulness; stubborn-
ness, -e, ad., notwithstand-
ing. -«, p., in spite of; not-
withstanding; despite, [that.
obstin^ ke, c, notwithstanding
obtenar, v., to obtain; to pro-
cure; to get; to acquire.
obtus, a., obtuse; blunt; dull.
-^, ad., obtusely, -eskar, v.,
to become blunted; to become
dull. [n., obviation.
obvlar, v., to obviate, -usion,
obyekt, n., object, -ar^ v., to
obyektiv, a. , oojective. [object.
od, n., ode.
o Deo I i., for God's sake !
odi, n.,hate; hatred, -ar, v., to
hate, -ahl, a., hateable. -os^
a., hateful; odious.
odor, n., odor; smell; scent.
-ar, v., to smell (emit odor).
odorat, n., smell; sense of
smell, -ar^ v., to smell ^per-
ceive odor); to scent.
ofendar, v., to offend.
ofendar se, v., to take it ill.
oils, n., ofl&ce; calling, '^-ik
(ofisial), a., official.
ofisin, n., office (place of busi-
ness); workshop.
ofisir, n., officer.
ofr, n., offer, -ar, v., to offer;
to proffer; to tender.
ok&sion, n., occasion; oppor-
tunity, -ar, v., to occasion.
-e^ ad., on occasion. -«, p.,
on the occasion of.
okr, n., ochre.
oksal, n., wood sorrel, -tk, a.,
oxalic.
oksid, n., oxid(e). -ar, v., to
oxidize.
oksident, n., Occident.
oksigen, n., oxygen (O).
okt, nr., eight.
oktav, nr., eighth.
okt-des, nr., eighty.
oktet, n., octette.
okto-, prefix signifying octo-,
eight-.
oktobr, n., October.
okul, n., eye. --tk, a., ocular.
-isi, n., oculist.
okultar, v., to conceal; to hide;
to secrete.
okupar, v., to occupy; to em-
ploy, -asion, n., occupation;
employment.
okuparse in kk, to busy one's
self with something; to apply
one's self to something; to
occupy one's self . with some-
thing, [ter.
okurar, v., to meet; to encoun-
-asiofiy n., meeting (enoouii-
ter).
ole, n., oil. -ar, v., to oil. -o/r,
a., oily; oleaginous. -i\€\.f^c^^:^
100
parlamentar— patrul i
parlamentar, v. , to parley, -er,
n., flag (person) of truce.
parodi, n., parody.
paroki, n., parish. -a«, a.,
parochial; parish, and n. ,
parishioner.
parol, n., word
parol derlv^^, derivative.
parol ko-pos^flf, compound.
parol-sort, n., part of speech.
parsel, n., particle; parcel (a
part), -ar, v., to parcel (out).
parsimoni, n., economy, -ar,
v., to save; to economize, -os^
a., saving; economical.
part^r, v., to depart, -ad, n.,
departure.
parter, n., parterre.
parti, n., part, -ar, v., to part;
to partition, -e, ad., partly;
in part; partially.
partikl, n., particle (gram.).
partikular, a., particular; pe-
culiar. -^, ad., particularly.
-ism^ n., particularism, -itet^
n., particularity; peculiarity.
partis, n., party, -an, a., parti-
san; party; partial, and n.,
adherent; partisan.
partisip, n., participle.
partisipar, v. , to participate.
partner, n., partner.
pasar, v., to pass; to pass by,
away, through; to pass over
(set over), -ante^ ad., by the
waj ; en passant (in chess).
pasaj, n., passage.
pasajer, n., passenger.
pasement, n., braid, -er^ n ,
fringe-maker; braid-maker.
9shaf n., pasha.
pasiar, v., to suffer, -asion^ n.,
suffering.
pasient, a., patient, -itet
(pasiens), n., patience.
Pasifik (osean}. Pacific Ocean.
pasion, n., passion, -os, a., pas-
sionate.
pasiv, a., passive, and n., pas-
sive (voice), -itet, n , passive-
ness.
pask, n., Easter.
paskuil, n., lampoon; pasqui-
nade.
pasport, n., passport; pass.
pasr, n., sparrow.
past, n., dough; paste.
pastet, n., pastry; pie.
pastinak, n., parsnip.
pastor, n., pastor.
pastur, n., pasture, -ar^ v. tr.
and intr.,to pasture; to graze.
-an, a., shepherd.
pasu, n., step; pace, -ar, v., to
step; to pace.
Patagon/a, n., Patagonia.
patel, n., kneepan; patella.
patent, n., patent.
patin, n., skate, -ar, v., to skate.
patr, n., father, -ia, n., father-
land; native land; native
country.
patriark, n., patriarch.
patrimoni, n. , patrimony.
patriot, n., patriot, -ik, a.,
patriotic, -ism, n., patriotism.
patrisi, n., patrician.
patmostr, n., Lord's Prayer;
Our Father.
patron, n., patron.
patrull, n., patrol, -ar, v., to
palToV.
paus — periferi
101
paiis, n ., pause, -ary v. , to pause.
pav, n., pavement, -ar^ v., to
pave.
pavian, n., baboon.
pavilion, n., tent; pavilion.
pavon, n., pea-fowl; peacock.
payar, v., to pay; to pay in.
payar duan, to pay duty.
pean, n., paean.
ped, n., foot. -Sj ad., on foot;
afoot.
pedagog, n. , pedagogue.
pedagogi, n., pedagogy; peda-
gogics, -i^ (pedagogikj, a.,
pedagogic.
pedant, n., pedant, -ik, a. ,
pedantic.
ped-digit, n., toe.
pedestal, n., pedestal.
pedikul, n., louse.
pekar, v., to sin. -ad, n., sin.
-alor, n. , sinner.
pekt, n., comb, -ar, v., to comb.
pektor, n., breast; chest.
pel, n., skin, -ar, v., to skin; to
flay; to peel; to pare.
pelikan, n., pelican.
pelmei, n., jumble; medley;
hodgepodge.
pelt, n., pelt; hide.
pen, n., trouble; pains, -ar, v.,
to take pains (with ) ; to
trouble; to apply one's self;
to exert one's self, -e, ad.,
hardly; scarcely.
pendar, v. tr. and intr., to hang;
to suspend; to be hung; to be
suspended.
pendul, n., pendulum, -ar, v.,
to swing.
penetrar, v., to penetrate.
peninsul, n., peninsula.
penitens, n., penance, fasi^?;-
penltens, to do penance.
penitent, a., penitent, and n.,
penitent.
pensar, v., to think; to deem;
to judge; to consider, -act, n.,
• thought.
pension, n., pension, -ar, v.,
to pension.
penta-, prefix signifying penta-,
five-.
penta-meiry n., pentameter.
pentekost, n., Pentecost; Whit-
sunday.
peoni, n., peony. [pepper.
pepr, n., pepper. -«;-, v., to
pepton, n., peptone.
per, n., pear.
per, p., through; by.
perd, n., loss, -ar, v., to lose.
perdiks, n., partridge.
peregrin, n., pilgrim, -ar, v.,
to go on a pilgrimage; to make
a pilgrimage, -asion, n., pil-
grimage.
per-faslar, v., to complete; to
consummate; to achieve; to
perfect; to finish.
perfekt, a., perfect, and n., the
perfect (tense), -ifikar, v. , to
perfect. -//^/ (perfeksion), n.,
perfection.
perfid, a., perfidious, -itet, n.,
perfidy.
perforar, v., to bore.
pergamen, n., parchment.
perXar, v., to perish.
periferi, n., periphery; circum-
ference, -ik (periferik), a.,
peripheric.
102
periki— pik
perikl, n., peril; danger, -os,
a., dangerous; perilous.
period, n., period. -/>&, a., peri-
odic.
perkutar, v., to strike; to hit;
to smite; to knock; to percuss
(med. ). -asion (perkusio^),
n., percussion.
perl, n., pearl.
permanar, v., to remain; to
abide. -a«/, part. , permanent.
-asion, n., permanence.
permision, n., furlough; leave
of absence.
permit, n., permission, -ar, v.,
to permit; to allow; to let.
permutar, v., to interchange;
to permute, -asion, n., inter-
change; permutation.
peron, n., perron.
perpendikular, a., perpendicu-
lar.
perpetu, a., perpetual, -e, ad.,
perpetually, -itet^ n., perpe-
tuity.
perpleksar, v., to perplex, -ed,
part. , perplexed ; puzzled.
-itet^ n., perplexity.
persar, v., to pierce.
Persia, n., Persia.
persektiar, v., to persecute; to
pursue.
perseptar, v., to perceive; to
descry; to distinguish; to dis-
cern.
persever,n., perseverance, -ar^
V. , to persevere.
persik, n., peach.
person, n., person.
oerspektiv, n., perspective, -ik,
^,, perspective.
perspikas, a. , perspicacious.
-itet, n., perspicacity.
persuader, v., to persuade; to
induce, -asion (persuasion),
n., persuasion.
pertinent, a., pertinent.
Peru, n., Peru.
peruk, n., wig.
pervers, a., perverse. e, ad.,
perversely, -itety n., perver-
sity.
peryuri, n., perjury, -ar, v., to
perjure one*s self, -as, a.,
pes, n., pitch. [perjured.
pesflr. V. , to weigh (be weighty).
-ant, part., heavy; weighty.
-ad, n., weight.
pes fluid, tar.
pesimist, n., pessimist.
pest, n., pestilence; pest;
plague. [to petition.
petision, n., petition, -ar, v.,
petr, n., stone, -atr, a., stone-
like; petrous, -ifikar, v., to
petrify, -os, a., stony.
petrole, n., petroleum.
petrosel, n., parsley.
petulant, a., petulant, -itet
(petulans), n., petulance.
pianin, n., upright piano.
piano, n ., pianoforte; piano.
-ist (pianist), n., pianist.
pies, n., piece.
piet, n., piety, -ik, a., pious.
-ist, n., pietist, -ism, n.,
pietism, -os, a., devout.
-ositet, n., devoutness.
pignor, n., pledge; pawn.
pik, n., pike, -ar, v., to prick;
to puncture; to stab, -et, n.,
pikas — plisar
103
pikas, n., magpie.
piki, n., woodpecker, -ik and
de p.j a., woodpecker; pica-
rian.
piktar, v., to paint; to depict.
-ad, n., painting; picture.
-asiofty n., painting, -ator,
n., painter.
pilastr, n., pilaster.
pilot, n., pilot, -ar, v., to pilot.
piiui, n.,pill.
pin, n., pine,
pins, n., pincers; nippers, -ar,
v., to pinch; to nip. -^ n.,
eye-glasses; pince-nez.
pinsl, n., brush; pencil.
pip, n., pipe (for smoking).
piramid, n., pyramid.
pirat, n. , p i r a t e . -ar^ v. , to
pirate.
Plreneik (mont/), the Pyrenees.
pirit, n., pyrite.
piroteknik, n., pyrotechnics.
-al, a., pyrotechnic.
pis, n., pea.
pisk, u , fish, -ary v., to fish.
-ator, n., fisher; fisherman.
pisk-gres, n., blubber.
pistol, n., pistol.
piston, n., piston.
pitoresk, a., picturesque.
pituit, n., mucus; phlegm;
slime. -OS, a., mucous; slimy.
pivot, n., pivot, -ar, v., to
pivot.
plakar, v. , to placate; to ap-
pease, -adly a., placable.
plakard, n., placard.
plan, n., plane (surface), -ar,
v.. to planish, -ik, a., plane.
-ijikar, v., to even.
planet, n., planet.
plank, n., plank; board, -ar^
v., to plank.
plant, n., plant, -ar, v., to
plant, -ajf n., plantation.
plas, n., place; spot; square (of
a chess-board), -ar, v., to
place, -u, p. , in place of; in-
stead of; for. [of.
plas^ ke, c, instead of; in place
plastlk, a., plastic (formative).
-ilel, n., plastic art.
plastr, n., plaster (pharmacy).
plat, n., flat surface, -ar, v., to
flatten, -ad, n., dish (platter;
also mess); mess. -/^, a., flat.
platan, n., plane-tree.
platform, n., platform.
platil, n., plate.
platin, n., platinum (Pt).
platon/i^, a., Platonic.
plausibi, a., plausible.
plebe, n., plebeian . -/^, a.,
plebeian.
plen, a., full, -ijikar ^ v., to fill;
to replenish, -itet^ n., plenty;
fullness; plenitude.
pleni-, prefix signifying full-
ness, pleni-.
pleniXvLVLy n., full moon.
plentpotentj a. , plenipo-
plesir, n., pleasure, [tent(iary).
pllk, n., fold; plait; ply. -ar,
v., to fold; to plait; to fold up.
plisar, v., to please. -/^, a.,
pleasing; pleasant, -ad, n.,
pleasure; liking. sekuanlu
pllsa^^^at pleasure; at will.
it plis, you (he, they, etc.,)
please; e. g. if it plis^f you
please, \l >i\v^^ ^^-a.^^,, ^\.^»
104
plomb— popl
plomb, n., lead (Pb). -ar, v., to
lead.
plonjar, v., to plunge; to dive.
plu, ad., more; (the compara-
tive ending) -er. -ar, v., to
increase, -at/, n., surplus;
overplus, -foa^ ad., more
times.
plu-boni/ikar, v., to better; to
improve; to ameliorate.
plug, n., plow, -ar, v., to plow.
plu-grand-patr, n., great-
grandfather.
plum, n., feather; pen. -of, n.,
plumaia^e.
plu-mah^^^r, v., to worsen; to
make worse; to aggravate.
plu — plu, ad. , the more — the
more.
plu-po-.fzdiurii^, ad., the day
after to-morrow.
p\u-pre-sidlurne, ad., the day
before yesterday.
plural, n., the plural.
plush, n., plush.
pluskuamperfekt, n., pluper-
fect.
pluvl, n., rain, -ar^ v., to rain.
-OS, a., rainy; pluvious.
plu volontar^, ad., more will-
ingly; rather.
po, p., behind; after.
po-brev^, ad., soon; speedily.
-i/i, a., speedy.
podagr* n., gout; podagra, -os^
a., gouty.
podium, n., podium.
poem, n., poem.
poesi, n., poetr)^; poesy.
poet, n., poet -ik, a., poetic(al).
poetisar, v., to poetize.
po ke, c. , after.
pol, n., pole (astr., physics).
poll-, prefix signifying many-
poly-.
poliar, v., to polish; to grind;
to whet; to burnish; to fur-
bish, -ad, n.,«polish.
poltan^U n., polygon.
poliglot, n., polyglot, -ik, a.,
polyglot.
poltkapik, a., many-headed.
polip, n., polypus.
polls, n., policy (insurance).
polisi, n., police. [ness.
polit, a., polite. -iUi, n., polite-
politeikniKj n., polytedinics.
-al, a., polytechnic.
politik, n., politics, -a/,. a.,
political.
polka, n., polka.
Polon/a, n., Poland.
pols, n., thumb; inch.
poltron, a., cowardly, and n.,
coward, -ileif n., cowardice.
pom, n., apple.
pomad, n., pomade, -ar, v., to
pomade.
po-medi-diurn^, ad., in the
afternoon.
Pomerania, n., Pomerania.
pomis, n., pumice, -ar^ v., to
pumice. [pous.
pomp, n., pomp, -os, a., pom-
ponderar, v. tr., to weigh, -abl,
a., weighable ; ponderable.
-aior, n., scales.
pont, n., bridge.
ponton, n., pontoon.
popl, n., people; folk (archaic).
-ar, v., to people; to populate.
-OS , a. , '^a^\3\o\\."& .
popular — prekaut
105
popular, a., popular, -itet, n.,
popularity.
por, n., pore.
pork, n., hog; pig; swine.
porselan, n., porcelain.
porslon, n., portion.
port, n., port; harbor; haven.
portar, v., to carry; to bear; to
wear (clothes); to convey.
porta, n., door.
portal, n., portal; gate.
portfoli, n., portfolio.
portik, n., portico.
portmon^, n. , porte-monnaie.
porto, n., postage; freight; car-
rying charge.
portret, n., portrait, -ar, v., to
portray.
Portugah'a, n., Portugal.
pos, n., position; posture, -ar,
v., to set; to lay.
poses, n., possession, -ar, v.,
to possess, -ad, n., posses-
sions; goods; property; estate.
posibl, a., possible, -iiei, n.,
possibility, -e, ad., possibly;
perhaps.
po-5zdiuni^, ad., to-morrow.
posit! V, a., positive, -e, ad.,
positively, -ism, n., positiv-
ism, -itet, n., positiveness.
positiv, n., positive degree; the
positive.
post, n., post (mail).
posterior, a., posterior; subse-
quent; later; hind; back, -e^
ad., afterwards; subsequently;
posteriorly; behind, -itet^ n.,
posteriority.
posteritet, n., posterity.
posthunif a., posthumous.
postilion, n., postillion.
post-kart, n., postal card; post-
card.
post-mark, n., postage stamp.
pot, n., pot; jar; can.
potash, n., potash.
potat, n., potato.
potent, a., powerful; mighty;
potent; strong, -ilel (poteiis),
n., power; might; potency;
strength. [=Ican).
potesar, v., to be able (mi potes
povr, a., poor, -eskar, v., to be-
come poor, -itet, n., poverty.
praktik, n., practice, -ar, v., to
practise, -abl, a., practicable.
-ablitet, n. , practicability . -al,
a. , practical.
prat, n., meadow. [fore.
pre-, prefix signifying pre-, be-
predesesor, n., predecessor.
predikar, v., to preach, -ad, n.,
sermon, -asion, n., preaching.
-ator, n., preacher.
predileksion, n., predilection.
prefekt, n., prefect.
preferar, v., to prefer; to choose.
-abl, a., preferable, -ad, n.,
preference.
prefiks, n., prefix.
preg, n., request; prayer, -ar,
v., to request; to ask; to beg;
to pray. [to apologize.
preg^r pardon, to beg pardon;
pregar urga^ite, to conjure.
prek, n., prayer (to the deity).
-ar, v., to pray.
prekaut, n., precaution: fore-
sight, -ar, v., to caution: to
warn, -asio?/, n., warning;
cav\t.\otv.
106
prelat — prinsip
prelat, n. , prelate.
prelimlnar, a., preliminary.
prelonge, ad., long ago; once.
prelud, n., prelude.
pretnatur^ a., premature.
premedl-diume, ad., in the fore-
noon.
premi, n., premium; prize, -ar,
v., to award a premium or
prendar, v. , to take. [prize.
prendar pro kredit, to borrow.
prenda;- su se, to take on one's
self.
/r^okul, n., spectacles.
preparer, v., to prepare, -asion,
n., preparation.
preposision, n., preposition.
prepusi, n., prepuce; foreskin.
prerogativ, n., prerogative.
pres, n., press, -ar, v., to press;
to squeeze.
presbiop, a., far-sighted; pres-
byopic.
presbitr, n. , priest. ~ady n. ,
priesthood, -ik, a., priestly;
sacerdotal.
presedar, v., to preside, -anl,
part., chairman; presiding
officer.
present, a., present, -itel
(presens), n., presence, -u, p.,
in presence of; before.
present (esar), to be present.
present, n., present tense; the
present.
presenter, v., to present; to put
before.
presentiment, n., presentiment;
foreboding, -ar, v. , to have a
presentiment of; to forebode;
to anticipate.
presepi, n., crib; manger.
preseptor, n., preceptor, -ar,
v., to indoctrinate. [keep.
preserver, v., to preserve; to
president, n., president.
pre-sidiurne, ad., yesterday.
presios, a., precious; costly.
-ilel, n., costliness.
presipis, n., precipice.
presipitar, v. , to precipitate.
presis, a., precise.
preskribar, v., to prescribe.
-asion, n., prescription.
prestar, v., to do; to render; to
perform; to lend, -asion, n.,
doing; rendering; perform-
ance; service; loan.
prestar avanse, to advance
(money).
prestar luade^ to let; to lease
(to another).
pretekst, n., pretext.
pretender, v., to pretend to; to
claim.
preurbf n. , suburb.
preveniar^ v., to anticipate; to
forestall; to be beforehand
with; to get the start of; to
prevent.
prewXsar, v., to foresee.
^r the advantage of; for
prolund, a., profound; deep.
-ifikar, v., to deepen.
prognos, n., prognosis; fore-
cast, -ar, v., topn^nosticate;
to forecast.
□ progre
proklamn;
prokslm
programme.
, proclamation.
., near; prosimate.
-e, ail. near l)y; near, -itet,
n., proximity; nearness, -u,
p., near; near to; bv
prokur, n., procuration; proxy
(thing), -or, v.. to procure;
to effect, -ist, n., procurator;
proxy; attorney.
prolog, n!, prologue.
prolongar, v., to prolong.
-((.[JO/;, 11. prolou gilt ion.
promeilifi', v to promenade; to
take a walk, -ad, n., prome-
nade; walk. [promise.
promet, n,. promise. ~ar, v., to
promontori, n., promontor)-
promovi!/-, v., to promote: to
pronom, n. tJronouc, [furtlier
pronom demonstratlv indefl-
nit, Interogatlv, korelativ.
personal, poseslv, reflek.-
siv, relativ, demon strati ve,
indefinite, interrogative,
correlative, personal, posses-
sive, reflexive, relative, pro-
pronunslar, v., to pronounce.
-asion. n., pronunciation.
propagar-, v., to propagate; to
circulate; to spread, -asion^
108
proporsion— pudr
proporsion, n., proportion, -ar,
V. , to proportion .
proposal, v., to propose ; to
move, -asion, n., proposal;
motion. [sentence.
proposision, n., proposition;
propr, a., own; proper, -e, ad.,
properly, -ilely n., property.
prosa, n., prose, -ik, a., prosaic.
prosed, n., procedure; proceed-
ing; course; process, -ar^ v.,
to proceed; to act.
prosent, n. , per cent.
proses, n., lawsuit, -ar, v., to
litigate.
prosesion, n., procession.
proskribar, V. , to proscribe; to
outlaw.
prosodi, n., prosody, -i^ (pro-
sodik), a., prosodic.
prosperar, v., to prosper; to
thrive.
prosperitet, n., prosperity.
protekta;*, v., to protect, -asion
(proteksion), n., protection.
-alor (protektor), n., pro-
tector.
protest, n., protest, -ar, v., to
protest, -anl, a. and n., Prot-
estant, -antism^ n., Protes-
tantism.
proto-, prefix signifying origin.
proloforestf n., primeval forest.
protokol, n., protocol, -ar, v.,
to protocol.
ptotometaif n., ore.
proloparolf n., primitive word;
root.
protosXr^ n., honeycomb.
J)rotot\pf n., prototype; arche-
type.
prov, n., proof; test; trial, hw,
v., to test; to try; to prove. .
provenlfl^r, v., to come from; to
proceed from.
proverb, n., proverb.
provins, n., province.
provision, n., stock; supply;
provision.
provisor\iT., seventy.
septembr— sibet
117
septembr, n., September.
septet, n., septette.
sepult, n ., grave; sepulcher.
-ar, v., to bury; to inter.
seraf, n., seraph.
Serbia, n., Servia.
serebr, n., cerebrum; brain.
seremoni, n., ceremony.
seren, a. , serene, -itet, n.,
serenity.
serenad, n., serenade.
serf, n., deer.
seri, n., series, -ar, v., to
seriate; to arrange in a series;
to place in a row.
serios, a., serious; earnest.
--itet, n., seriousness; earnest-
ness.
seris, n., cherry.
serium, n., cenum (Ce).
serpent, n., serpent; snake,
-ar, v., to meander; to wind.
serpentin, n., serpentine line;
wavy line.
sert, a., certain; sure. -^, ad.,
certainly; surely, -ifikafy v.,
to certify, -ifikasion^ n., cer-
tificate, -itet^ n., certainty.
sert-kos, pr. ind., a certain
thing; something.
sert-manier^, ad., in a certain
way; in a certain manner.
senis, n., ceruse; white lead.
serv, n., servant, -ar, v. , to
serve; to tend to; to conduce
to; to wait on.
serviet, n., napkin.
servil, a., servile, -itet^ n.,
servility.
sesar^ v., to cease; to stop; to
discontinue; to desist.
sesium, n., caesium (Cs).
seson, n., season.
set, n., silk.
setr, a., remaining, -i, n., the
rest, -e, ad., for the rest; more-
over; furthermore.
setui, n., bristle, -os, a., bristly.
sever, a., severe; rigorous;
sharp, -ilely n., severity.
sfer, n., sphere, -ik, a., spheri-
cal.
slinks, n., sphinx.
sfinkter, n., sphincter.
shabrak, n., shabrack; saddle-
cloth; housing.
Shak, n., chess, -w/, n., chess-
player.
shakal, n., jackal.
shak-plat, n., chess-board.
shalup, n., sloop.
shampinion, n., mushroom.
shap6, n., hat.
sharj, n., cargo; load; charge;
burden, -ar, v., to load; to
charge; to burden.
sharm, n., charm; attraction.
-ar, v., to charm; to bewitch;
to enchant; to fascinate.
shef, n., chief; head; leader.
shershar, v., to seek; to search
for; to look for.
shifr, n., cipher; figure, -ar,
V. , to write in cipher.
shiling, n., shilling.
shist, n., slate.
shist-krayon, n., slate-pencil.
si, ad., yes.
si-, prefix signifying the pres-
ent time or the nearest object.
Sll>en'a, n., Siberia.
118
sibet-kat— sin
sibet-kat, n., civet-cat; civet.
sibtlar, V. , to hiss.
52d!urii^, ad., to-day.
sidr, n., cider.
sie, pr., his; her; hers; its.
siek, a., blind, -ifikar^ v., to
blind. -2*/^/, n., blindness.
siel, n., heaven; sky. -ik^ a.,
heavenly; celestial.
sient, n., science; knowledge.
-ik (sientifik), a., scientific.
sifon, n., siphon.
sigar, n., cigar, -et, n., cigar-
ette.
sigil, n., seal (stamp), -ar, v., to
seal.
sign, n., sign, -ar, v., to de-
note; to designate; to mark.
signal, n., signal, -ar^ v., to
signal.
sign de eks-klama^^;^, ex-
clamation mark.
sign de Xmtetozdsion^ interro-
gation mark.
sign de sXtasion^ quotation
mark.
sigmde interpunkta^f^;/,
punctuation marks.
slgnifikar, v., to signify; to
mean, -asion, n. , significa-
tion; meaning.
sigsag, n., zigzag.
sik, a., dry; arid, -itet, n., dry-
ness; aridity.
sikatris, n., scar; cicatrice,
-ar, v., to cicatrize.
52kaus^, ad., therefore; accord-
ingly; for this reason; be-
cause of this; hence.
sikomor, n., sycamore,
sikon, n., stork.
sikor, n., chicory; succory.
sil, n., eyelash.
sllab, n., syllable.
silensi, n., silence, -ar, v., to
be silent, -as, a., silent. -— ! «
i., silence!; hush!; keep
still ! ; be quiet !
Silesia, n., Silesia.
silik, n., pod; husk; hull.
sillndr, n., cylinder.
sillndr-shap6, n., cylinder hat;
silk hat.
silisium, n. , silicium; silicon(Si).
silogism, n., syllogism.
5/lok^, ad., here.
52manier^, ad., thus; in this
manner; in this way.
simbal, n., cymbal.
slmbol, n., symbol.
slmeks, n., bug.
simetri, n., symmetry, -ik
(simetrik), a., symmetrical.
simi, n., ape. -ar^ v., to ape; to
mimic, -ik and de s., a.,
simian.
simil, a., similar; like, -itet^n.,^
similarity; likeness.
5t moment^, ad., instantly.
simpati, n., s y m p a t h y . -ik
(simpatik), a., sympathetic.
simpl, nr., simple, -ifikar, v.,
to simplify, -ifikasion, n.,
simplification, -itet (simplisi-
tet), n., simplicity.
simptom, n., s3miptom.
slmular, v., to simulate, -asion,
n., simulation.
simultan, a., simultaneous, -e,
ad., simultaneously, -itet, n.,
simultaneousness.
sinabr— skandai
119
sinabr, n., cinnabar.
sinagog, n., synagogue.
sinamon, n., cinnamon.
sine, p., without.
sine Ice, c, without.
sing:ular, n., the singular num-
ber.
sing:uit, n., sob. -ar^ v., to sob.
sinior, n., sir; mister; gentle-
man, -a^ n., Mrs.; madam;
Sinior, n., lyord. [lady.
siniorina, n., miss; yoimg lady.
sinlstr, a., left, -e, ad., at the
left; on the left.
sinistra de, p. , to (at) the left of.
sink:, n. , zinc (Zn). -ar^ v. , to
zinc.
sinonim, n., synonym, -ik^ a.,
synonymous.
sinser, a., sincere; candid.
-itet, n., sincerity; candor.
sfntaks, n., syntax.
sintes, n., synthesis.
sintil, n., spark.
sintur, n., girdle; belt; cinc-
ture; zone, -ar, v., to girdle;
to belt; to gird.
sipres, n., cypress.
sir, n., wax.
Sirza, n., Syria.
sirlc, n., circus.
Sirica, ad., around; round about;
all around.
Sirica, p., about; around.
sirka-oonar, v., to surround; to
encompass; to environ; to en-
circle.
sirkl, n,, circle, -ar, v., to cir-
culate; to be in circulation.
-oif, n., environs; surround-
ings.
sirkl-andar, v., to go around; to
go about; to run about.
sirklator, n., compasses.
sirkonium, n., zirconium (Zr).
sirkuit, n., circuit, -os, a., cir-
cuitous.
sirkular, n., circular letter; cir-
cular.
sirkumstans,n., circumstance.
sirop, n., syrup.
sisar, v., to seize; to grasp.
sisel, n., chisel . -ar, v., to
SisWia, n., Sicily. [chisel.
ststem, n . , system, -ik (sis-
tematik), a., systematic.
sistem, n., cistern.
sit^r, v., to cite; to quote; to
summon .
sitadel, n., citadel.
sit&nxpey ad., now; at this time. .
siterlor, a., hither; this, -e, ad.,
on this side; on the hither side.
siterlor^ de, p., on this side of;
on the hither side of.
siti, n., thirst; drouth, -os and
n,\ant siti, a., thirsty.
sitr, n., zither.
situar, v., to situate, -asion^ n.,
situation; site.
situl, n., bucket; pail.
stvii, a., civil; civic.
sivillsar, v., to civilize, -asion,
n., civilization.
skabi, n., itch; mange; scab.
-OS, a., itchy; mangy; scabby.
skafold, n., scaffold.
skal, n., staircase; stairs; scale;
gamut.
skamnu, u., \i^\iOft.\ ^^-^ .
scandaVows.
120
Skandlnavfa— solidar
Skandlnavza, n., Scandinavia.
skandium, n., scandium (Sc).
skar, n., scratch, -ifikar^ v., to
scarify.
skarab, n., chafer; beetle.
skarlat, a., scarlet.
skarp, n., scarp; slope, -ar^ v.
tr., to slope, -ik, a., steep.
skatul, n., box; bandbox; hat-
box; pasteboard box. -et, n.,
box; snuff-box; pill-box.
skelet, n., skeleton.
sken, n., stage; scene.
skeptik, a., sceptical, and n.,
sceptic, -istn, n., scepticism.
skeptr, n., scepter.
skis, n., sketch . -ar, v., to
skiur, n., squirrel. [sketch.
sklav, n., slave.
>skol, n., school, -an^ a., scholar.
skolopendr, n., centiped;
scolopendra.
skori, n., scoria; dross; slag;
cinder.
skorpion, n., scorpion.
Skotza, n., Scotland.
skribar, v., to write, -ad, n.,
writing; treatise; essay, -ade,
ad., in writing, -asion^ n.,
writing, -ator, n., writer.
skrib^r selcuantu dlktad, to
write from dictation.
skroful, n., scrofula, -os, a.,
scrofulous, -osiiety n., scro/u-
lousness.
skrub, n., screw, -ar, v., to
screw.
skrupl, n., scruple, -ar, v., to
scruple. -OS (skrupulos), a.,
scrupulous, -ositet (skrupu-
lositet), n., scrupulousness.
skual, n., shark.
skuam, n., scale; squame. -^5,
a., scaly; squamous.
sliuXptar, v., to sculpture; to
carve; to cut. -asion (skulp-
tur), n., sculpture, -ator
(skulptor), n., sculptor.
skum, n., froth; foam; scnm.
-ar, v., to froth; to foam.
skur, n., axe; hatchet.
skut, n., shield; buckler.
Slav, n., Sclave. -ik, a.,Sclavic
slim, n., slime; mud. -os, a.,
muddy.
sllpr, n., sleeper; sill; thresh-
old; tie.
slit, n., sleigh.
smaragd, n., emerald.
sobl, n., sable.
sobr, a., sober; temperate, -itet,
n., sobriety; temperance.
sod, n., soda.
sodlak, n., zodiac.
sokl, n., socle.
sol, n., sun.
sol, a., alone; only; sole, -itet^
n., solitude; solitariness. -^,
ad., only; alone; solely; but.
solder, V. , to solder.
soldat, n., soldier; pawn (in
chess).
soldi, n., Sunday. -a» and ^/(f 8*»
a., Sunday.
sole, n., sole (of foot, shoe, etc.).
solemn, a., solemn, -itet, t|.,
solemnity.
solid, a., solid, -eskar, v., to
solidify, -itet, n., solidity.
solldar, a., solidary; jointly and
severally liable, -itet, n.,
soilsit^xr— spond^
121
v., to solicit; to be
s.
olo.
., to loosen; to dis-
> solve, -asion (solu-
, solution,
summit.
, dream, -ar, v., to
und. -ar, v., to sound,
sonata.
plummet; sound ;
-ar, v., to sound; to
to probe,
sonnet.
sonorous; loud.
Br] sXhWant, sibilant.
., zoology, -ik (soo-
i., zoological.
., soprano (voice), -ist,
ino (singer),
iirt; filth; soil; grime,
dirty; filthy; soiled.
v., to become dirty.
v., to soil; to befoul;
to dirty.
, sordid . -itet, n.,
sister. [sordidness.
ort; kind, -ar, v., to
assort,
.uce; ^ravy.
., sociable, -itet^ n.,
, social, -ism, n.,
a.
n., society; company.
sausage,
sparrow-hawk,
space; room, -ik
a., local. -OS, a.,
;; roomy.
Spasm, n., spasm; cramp.
spat, n., spar (min.).
spekt, n., look, -ar, v., to look
(at), -aior, n., spectator.
spiektakl, n., spectacle; sight;
play.
spekular, v., to speculate (com-
merce).
spend, n., expense; expendi-
ture; outlay, -ar, v., to ex-
pend; to spend; to lay out; to
disburse.
sperm, n., semen; seed.
spes, n., spice; spices; groceries.
spesial, a., special; especial.
-e, ad., especially; specially.
-iiet, n., specialty.
spesif/^, a., specific.
spesifikar, v., to specify.
-asion,^ n. , specification.
spik, n.. ear (grain); spike (bot.).
spil, n., pin.
spin, n., thorn, -os, a., thorny.
spinat, n., spinach.
splon, n., spy. -ar, v., to spy.
spiral, a., spiral.
spirit, n., spirit; ghost, -ik^ a.,
spiritual; ghostly, -is'm, n.,
spiritism, -ist^ n., spiritist.
-OS, a., spirited.
spiritual, a., spiritual (opposed
to worldly).
spien, n., spleen.
spiendar, v., to shine; to be
bright; to be resplendent.
-id, a., shining; bright; splen-
did; resplendent, -or, n.,
splendor; brightness; re-
splendence.
spond6, n., spondee, -ik, a.,
spondaie.
122
sp— gt — stret
spoogi, n. , sponge, -air (spon -
gios), a., spongy; sponge-like.
spontan, a., spontaneous, -itet,
n., spontaneousness; sponta-
neity.
sporad/^, a., sporadic.
sporn, n., spur.
sport, n., sport.
spris, n., syringe, -ar^ v., to
squirt; to syringe.
sprit, n., spirit (liquor), -os, a.,
spirituous.
sput, n., sQ^ttle. -ar, v., to spit;
to expectorate.
stab, n., staff (military).
stabil, a., stable, -itet^ n., sta-
bility.
stadi, n., stadium.
Stat, n., stirrup.
stagn, n., pond; pool, -ar, v.,
to stagnate.
stal, n., stable; stall.
stamp, n., stamp, -ar^ v., to
stamp.
Stan, n., tin; stannum(Sn). -ar^
v., to tin.
stand, n., stand; position; state;
condition, -ar, v., to stand-
to be ( do).
standart, n., standard; ensign.
stang, n., pole; bar.
stasion, n., station.
Stat, n., state (commonwealth).
statlk, n., statics, -a/, a.,
static (al).
statistik, n., statistics.
statu, n., statue.
statuar, v., to enact.
statur, n., stature.
statut, n., statute.
stearin f n., stearin.
stel, n., star.
stenograf, n., stenographer!
-ar, v., to write shorthand.
stenograf i» n., stenog^raphy.
-ik (stenografik), a., steno-
graphic.
step, n., steppe.
steril, a., sterile; unfmitfnl;
barren.
sterillsar, v., to sterilize.
stemut^r, v., to sneeze, -asion^
n., sneezing.
siAvtar, v., to snore.
stigmat, n., stigma; brand, -ik^
a. and n., sti^matic.
stil, n., style (m diction, archi-
tecture, painting, chronology).
stimul, n., stimulus, -ar^ v., to
stimulate; to spur on.
stlpular, v., to stipulate.
StXria, n., Styria.
stof, n., stuff.
stoik, a., stoic(al). -iker, n.,
stoic.
stokfish, n., stockfish.
stol, n., stole.
stomak, n., stomach.
stop, n., halt; stop; stay, -ar,
v., to halt; to stop; to stay
(remain); to stop up. — I , i.,
halt ! ; stop !
strad, n., street.
strangl, n., halter (for pimish-
ment). -ar, v., to strangle.
strat, n., stratum; layer, -tfikar,
V. , to stratify.
strategi, n., strategy. -*^
(strategik), a., strategic.
stret, a., narrow; strait, -ifikar^
v., to narrow, -itet^ n., nar-
Towness; sttaitness.
stii — 8u-giutinar
123
, stripe; streak; stria.
., to stripe; to streak; to
;. -ed, part., striped.
L, strike (of woadkmcB).
'., to strike.
a., strict.
:., strophe.
um, n., strontium (Sr).
ir, n., structure.
1., ostrich.
1., study, -ar, v., to
. -ant (student), part.,
at.
., stucco, -ar, v., to
, chair.
., tow.
a., stupid; dull, -eskar,
become stupid, -itet^ n.,
lity.
, n., sturgeon,
a., starling.
3n; upon.
., zouave,
under; beneath; under-
•
>m, a., subaltern; sub-
ate.
L., sudden, -e^ ad., sud-
•
, a., sublime; lofty.
Xar, V. , to s u b j e c t ; to
it (trans.).
\vLar, v., to subordinate.
I, n., subordination.
ar, v., to smile.
, n., subsidy.
ar, v., to subsist.
Ibar, v., to subscribe;
n.
IS 9 n.; substance.
substantiv» n., substantive;
noun.
substituar, v., to substitute; to
replace.
sub-tas, n., saucer.
subterfugl, n., subterfuge.
subtil, a., subtile; fine, -itet,
n., subtilty; fineness.
subtrakt^zr, v., to subtract.
subvert^zr, v., to subvert; to
overthrow; to upset.
subyekt, n., subject,
subyektiv, a., subjective, -itet^
n., subjectivity.
sub-yugar, v., to subjugate; to
subdue.
subyunktiv, n., subjunctive.
sud, n., south. -^, ad., in the
south; southerly.
sudar, v., to sweat; to perspire.
-ady n., sweat.
sue, pr. , his (own) ; her ( own ) ;
its (own); their (own).
Suedza, n., Sweden.
sue-temp(?, ad., at the right
(proper) time; in time; in due
sufiks, n., sufl5x. [time; duly.
sufisar, v., to sufl&ce. -e^ ad.,
sufficiently; enough; pretty;
Suite, -ik, a., sufficient.
XaVy v., to blow, ^nar^ v., to
snort.
sufokar, v., to suffocate; to
choke; to stifle; to smother.
sufrar, v., to suffer; to endure;
to bear, -asion^ n., suffering.
sugar, v., to suck.
sugest^r, V. , to suggest, -asion
(sugestion), n., suggestion.
su-glutinar, v., to paste on; to
glue oti\ to stick, on*
124
suisidi — tabernakl
suisidi, n., suicide (the act).
-ist, n., suicide (person).
suit, n., suite; retinue.
suk, n., juice; sap. -os^ a.,
juicy; sappy.
s'ukr, n., sugar, -ar, v., to.
sugar; to sweeten.
suksedar, v. , to succeed (follow).
sukses, n., success.
suksesion, n., succession.
suksesiVt a., gradual, -e^ ad.,
gradually.
sukurs, n., help; succor; aid;
assistance, -ar, v., to help; to
succor; to aid; to assist. — ! t
i., help !
sukus, n., shaking; shock, -ar,
V. , to shake.
sulfur, n., sulphur (S).
sulk, n., furrow; sulcus, -ar, v.,
to furrow.
sultan, n., sultan,
sum, n., sum; amount. -ar,\.,
to add; to sum up.
sumak, n., sumac.
su-met^r, v. , to lay on ; to put
on; to impose.
suol, n., soil; ground.
sup, n., soup.
sup^, n., supper, -ar, v., to sup;
to eat supper.
superb, a., superb.
superfisi, n., surface; super-
ficies, -ik (superfisial), a. ,
superficial.
superflu, a., superfluous.
superior, a., superior; upper.
-e, ad., above; over, -itei^ n.,
superiority.
superiors de, p., over; above.
superlative n,, superlative.
supemumerar, a., supernu-
merary; surplus.
superstisi, n., superstition, -os,
a., superstitious.
suplik^ n., supplication; en-
treaty, -ar, v., to supplicate;
to beseech; to implore; to en-
treat.
suport, n., support; prop, -ar,
v., to support; to prop.
suposar, v., to suppose; to as-
sume; to presume.
suposa;//^ ke, c, provided that;
supposing that; assuming that
supresar, v., to suppress.
surd, a., deaf; dull; hollow;
dead (of sound), -dlef, n.,
deafness.
surogat, n., substitute.
surpasar, v., to surpass; to ex-
surplis, n., surplice. [ceed.
surpris, n., surprise, -ar, v., to
surtut, n., overcoat, [surprise.
suspekt, n., suspicion, -ar, v.,
to suspect.
suspender, v., to suspend; to
prorogue.
suspir, n., sigh, -ar, v., to sigh.
sustentar, v., to sustain.
sutar, v., to sew. -ady n., seam;
suture, -atora, n., seamstress.
su ter, on earth; here below.
sval, n., swallow.
svip, n., broom, -ar, v., to
sweep.
tabak, n., tobacco.
tabel, n., table (tabular list).
\ tabettiaiVLV\i.,\abfemacle.
tabi— tel-kos
125
tabi, n., table, -er, n., cabinet-
maker; joiner.
tabl^r-ofisin, n., joiner's shop;
cabinet-maker's shop.
taft, n., taffeta.
taks, n., rate, -ar, v., to ap-
praise; to rate; to tax. -asion,
n., appraisal, -atpr, n., ap-
praiser.
takt, n., time; measure (music) .
-ar^ V. , to beat time.
taktik, n., tactics.
tal, pr., such, -e, ad., so; thus.
talar, n., gown; robe; cassock.
taXe ke, c, so that.
tdXe \wk%e ke, c, as long as.
ta\e mvXifoa^ ad. , so many times.
talent, n., talent.
tali, n., cut; shape; figure.
taller, n, tailor.
talisman, n. , talisman.
tallum, n., thallium (Tl).
talon, n., heel.
talp, n., mole (animal).
talr, n., thaler.
tamarind, n., tamarind.
tambur, n., drum, -ar, v., to
drum.
tampon, n., stopper; cork, -ar^
v., to cork; to stopper; to stop.
tanar, v., to tan. -ator^ n., tan-
ner, -eri^ n., tannery.
tangent, n., tangent, -ik^ a.,
tangent.
tanin, n., tannin.
tant, pr., so much; so many.
-^, ad., so much; so greatly;
so very ; to such a degree.
tanta, n., aunt.
tantal, n., tantalum (Ta).
tapet, n., carpet.
tapir, n., tapir.
tar, n., tare (commerce).
tarantel, n., tarantella; taran-
telle (dance).
tarantul, n., tarantula.
tard, a., late ; tardy, -e^ ad,
tardily; late.
tarif, n., tariff.
taroic, n., taroc; tarot.
tart, n., tart.
tartr, n., tartar; argol.
tas, n., cup.
tasitum, a., taciturn, -iiet, n.,
taciturnity.
tatar, n., Tartar, -ia, n., Tar-
tary. -ik^ a., Tartar; Tarta-
taur, n., bull. [rian.
te, n., tea.
te-, prefix forming words cor-
relative with the interrogative
words formed by means of the
prefix ke-.
teatr, n., theater.
^^kaus^, ad., for that reason; be-
cause of that; thence.
teknik, n., technics, -al, a.,
technical.
teknologi, n., technology.
teksar, v., to weave, -ator, n.,
weaver, -eri^ n., weaving-mill.
tekst, n., text.
tekstil, a., textile.
tekt, n., roof, -ar, v., to roof.
tel, pr. d., the one; that.
telefon, n., telephone, -ar^ v.,
to telephone.
telegraf, n., telegraph, -ad
(telegram), n., telegram, -ist,
n., telegraphist; telegrapher.
teleskop, n., telescope.
tel-kos, pt . d. > \.\i^\. \!cL\\v^^^^^^ .
126
/^ioku?— timon
/dok^, ad., there; yonder.
telur, n., tellurium (Te).
tern, n., theme.
temer, a., rash; temerarious.
-itet^ n., temerity; rashness.
temp, n., time.
temp^ — temp^, ad., now -then;
sometimes -sometimes.
temperament, n., tempera-
ment; temper.
temperatur, n., temperature.
tempest, n., weather.
tempestad, n., storm.
tempi, n., temple.
tempor, n., temple (of head).
temporal, a., temporal.
temporar, a., temporary, -e,
ad. , temporarily.
tenar, v., to hold; to keep.
tenar sekret^, to keep secret.
temis, a., tenacious, -ttet, n.,
tenacity.
tender, v. tr. , to stretch.
tendens, n., tendency.
tendon, n., tendon; sinew.
tender pavilion, to pitch (erect)
tendr, a., tender; mild, [a tent.
tendr, n., tender (of locomo-
tive).
tenor, n., tenor (voice), -w/,
n., tenor (person).
tenter, v., to tempt, -asion, n.,
temptation, -ator, n., tempter.
tenu, a., thin, -itet, n., thin-
ness; tenuity.
teologl, n., theology; divinity.
-ik, a., theological, -ist, n.,
theologian; divine.
teori, n., theory, -ik (teoretik),
a., theoretical, teoretik^r, n.,
theorist.
tepid, a., tepid; lukewarm.
ter, n., earth.
teras, n., terrace, -ar, v., to
terrace.
terebentin, n., turpentine.
teren, n., land (opposed to
water).
terestr, a., earthly; terrestrial.
teribl, a., terrible.
teritori, n., territory, -ik (ten-
torial), a., territorial.
term, n., (technical) term.
termin, n., term (space of time);
time.
termo-, prefix signifying heat
termo-tnetr^ n., thermometer.
termotemp, n., summer.
teror, n., terror; fright, -ar, v.,
to terrify; to frighten.
ters, nr., third.
tes, n., thesis.
Tesal/a, n., Thessaly.
testament, n., will; testament
-ar, v. , to will ; to make a will.
tetan, n., tetanus, -ik^ a.,
tetanic,
/^emp^, ad., then; at that time.
tibi, n., shinbone; tibia;
til, n., typhus.
tigr, n., tiger.
tlliarf v., to tick.
tiket, n., ticket.
till, n., linden, -ik andde t.,
a., linden.
tim, n., thyme.
timar, v., to fear; to dread, -or,
n., fear; dread. -«jf, a., timid;
fearful, -iditeij n., timidity.
-idifikar^ v., to intimidate.
timon> n., wagon-pole; thill;
tine — ^trans-donar
127
.., moth.
., ink; dye. -ar, v., to
to dye. -ator^ n., dyer,
n., dye-house, -ad^ n.,
ir, V. intr., to ring.
, n., tincture.
,type.
at, n., typographer;
ter.
v., to draw; to drag; to
to haul,
n., tyrant, -ik^ a., tyran-
n., Tyrol.
n., titanium (Ti).
, v., to tickle.
t, n., titmouse; tomtit.
r, v., to stagger, -asion,
itubation; staggering.
Q., title, -ar, v., to title;
yle; to entitle.
, n., toilet.
., toga.
r, v., to tolerate.
1., tome; volume.
9 n., tomato.
n., tomb.
ik, n., tombac; tombak;
hbeck.
., tone; key. -ar^ v., to
id.
n., thunder, -ar, v., to
ider.
Im, first tone; prime.
", v., to shear, -ator^ n.,
rs; scissors.
kund, second.
n., topaz.
pal, n., topographer.
I., turf; p^aX..
toriutn, n., thorium (Th).
tork, n., torch.
torment, n., torment, -ar, v.,
to torment.
tormzr, V. tr., to turn (in a
lathe), -a/^r, n., turner.
torpedo, n., toirpedo.
torsar, V. tr., to twist; to twine;
to coil.
tort, n., wrong.
tortu, n., tortoise; turtle,
tortur, n., torture, -ar, v., to
torttire.
tost, n., toast; health, -ar, v.,
to toast; to propose a health.
total, a., total, -e, ad., totally;
wholly; altogether; quite.
-itety n., totality.
totals no, ad. , by no means;
certainly not; not at all.
tradision, n., tradition.
tradit, n., treachery, -ar, v., to
betray.
tradukar, v., to translate, -asion
(traduksion ) , n., translation.
tradukar in [lingu] german,
to translate into German..
tragedl, n., tragedy.
tragik, a., tragic; tragical.
trak6, n., trachea; windpipe.
traktir, v., to treat, -aston^ n.,
treatment.
tralctu, n., train; trail, -ar, v.,
to trail ; to drag.
tram, n., tramway.
trankil, a., tranquil; still; quiet.
trans, p., across; beyond; over.
transaksion, n., transaction.
trans-donar, v., to give over;
to transfer; to convey; to de-
liver .
trana-fluttr— troplk de kapiikom
transit, n., transit.
transltiv, n.. transitive .
trans- metiir, v., to lay over; to
trans-mltfii-herede, to be-
queutli; to .eave.
transparent, a., traasparent.
tntaapirar, v., to perspire; to
trans-pontrt/-, v,, to bri.ige; to
bridge over; to build a bridge.
transport, a., transportation.
-ar. v., to transport; to C01I-
vey. -(i6(. a., trauaportable.
transversal, a., transverse, -e,
ad., transversely
trap, n., trap; snare; pitfall.
trapes, n., trapezium.
tras, n., trace; track, -ar, v.,
to trace; to track,
traaar media plkeii, to stake
trat, D., draft (finance).
trav, n., besim < timber).
travesti, n., travesty, -ar.v.,
to travesty.
trellaj, n., trellis; lattice.
trembl, n., aspen.
tremblur, v., to tremble; to
shake; to quake.
tren, n., train (railroad).
trepan, n., trepan, -ar, v., to
trepldur, v., to tremble with
fear; to be.afraid. -asion, a.,
trepidation.
tres, n.p tress; braid; plait, -ar,
v., to braid; to plait.
tresor, n., treasure.
tri, nr., three.
tri-, prefix signifying
three-.
^riangul, n., triangle.
tribu, n., tribe.
tribut, n., tribute.
trl-des, nr., thirty.
triioW, n., clover.
trikot, n , knit-goods, -o
trinltet, n., trinity.
trio, n., trio,
/riped, n., tripod,
tripl, nr., triple; threcfc
treble.
triaikl, a., tricycle,
trist, a,, sad; sorrowful.
n.. sadness.
triturar, v., to crush; to 1
triumt, n., triumph, -ar, \
triumpb. -ator, n., triumj
tro, ad., too (overmnch).
trolA, n., trophy.
trok6,n., trochee, -il
trochaic.
trombon, n., trombone.
trompet, n., trumpet, -at
to trumpet.
tronfc, II., trunk (stem).
■\-., to truncate, -ei, n., s'
trop, n., trope; figure, -ii
figurative.
troplk, II., tropic. -M, n.
tropics. -i'n«, ft., tropical.
troplk de kapiikorn, trop
Capricorn.
tropik de krev— umbllik
129
tropik dekrev, tropic of Can-
cer.
trot, n., trot; trotting, -ar, v.,
to trot.
trotoar, n., sidewalk.
truffl, n., truffle.
truit, n., trout.
trup, n., troop; band; ilock.
truvar, v., to find.
tsar, n., czar.
tsigan, n., gypsy.
tu, pr., thou (in literal transla-
tion).
tub, n., tube; pipe; flue.
tuber, n., tuber; bulb; knob.
-OS, a., knobby; protuberant;
bulbous, -ositet, n., protuber-
ance; tuberosity.
tuberkl, n., tubercle, -os, a.,
tuberculous.
tue, pr., thy; thine.
tuff, n., tuft; bunch.
tul, n., tulle.
tulip, n., tulip.
tumor, n. , tumor; swelling.
-ar^ v., to swell.
tumultu, n., tumult; uproar;
riot; hubbub, -ar, v., to make
a tumult; to cause an uproar;
to riot.
tun, n., tun; ton.
tunel, n., tunnel.
tur, n., tour; trip, -ist, n.,
tourist.
turbary v., to disturb; to trouble.
turban, n., turban.
turl, n., tower; rook (in chess).
turk, a., Turkish, -ia, n.,
Turkey.
turmalin, n., tourmalin(e);
schorl.
I
turner, v.tr., to turn.
tumir, n., tournament.
tus, n,, cough, -ar, v., to cough.
ttitar^ v., to be guardian to; to
exercise tutelage over, -e/,
n. , body of guardians.
tutor, n., tutor; guardian.
u
u, c, or.
-u, suffix forming derivative
prepositions.
uest, n., west. -/^, a., west ;
western, -e, ad., in the west;
uiski, n., whisky. [westerly.
ul, n., owl.
ulan, n., uhlan; lancer.
ulm, n., elm.
uln, n., elbow; ell.
ulser, n., ulcer; sore, -ar, v.,
to ulcerate; to fester, -(u/, n.,
pus; matter.
ulterior, a. , ulterior; further;
farther; that; thither, -e, ad.,
further; on that side; on the
thither side.
ulterior^ de, p., on that side of;
on the thither side of; beyond.
ultim, a., last; ultimate, -/oa,
ad., (at) the last time.
ultlmat, n., ultimatum.
ultra, p., beyond; above; over;
more than.
ultra-, prefix signifying some-
thing excessive, ultra-.
ultramarln, n., ultramarine.
uUravlolet, a., ultra-violet.
ulular, v., to howl.
umbllik, n., navel, -al^ a., um-
biWcaV.
130
un— vagabund
tin, nr., one. -itet, n., unity ;
oneness.
tmaiiim, a., unanimous. -^,ad.,
unanimously, -iiety n., una-
nimity.
undui, n., wave, -ar, v., to un-
dulate; to wave.
ungu, n., nail (of hand or foot).
unguent, n., unguent; oint-
ment; salve, -ar, v., to anoint.
ungu masiv, hoof.
unXary v., to unite.
uniform, n., uniform, -ar^ v.,
to uniform.
unik, a., unique; single.
unlkom, n., unicorn.
union, n., union.
unison, n., tmison. -ik^ a,., uni-
son, -e, ad., in unison.
unlvers, n., universe.
universal, a., universal.
universitet, n., university.
un — otr, pr. ind., (the) one —
(the) other.
un vising otr, next each other.
-upl, sufl&x used with a cardinal
number to form a multiplica-
tive; it is used also with the
word mult.
ur, n., aurochs; urochs; (Eu-
ropean) bison.
uragan, n., hurricane; tempest.
uran, n., uranium (U).
urb, n. , city.
ureter, n., ureter.
uretr, n., urethra.
urgar, v., to urge. ~a«/ (urgent),
part., urgent; pressing.
urin, n., urine, -ar, v., to
urinate.
itr/n-veslk, n,, bladder.
urn, n., urn.
urs, n., bear.
urtlk, n., nettle.
us, n., use; usage, -ar, v., to
use; to employ, -a^/, a.,
usable; serviceable. -adiM,
n., usableness; serviceable-
ness. -asion, n., use (act of
using) .
usk, p., until; till; unto; to.
usk ke, c, until.
usk52temp^, ad., hitherto;
until now.
usufruktu, n., usufruct, -ar,
v., to usufruct; to enjoy the
usufruct of.
usur, n., usury, -ar, v., to prac-
tise usury, -^r, n., usurer.
usurper, v., to usurp, -atar, n.,
usurper.
utensil, n., utensil.
utenslh' de dom, household
utensils.
utenslh' de ekles, church fur-
niture.
utenslh' de hort, garden tools.
util, a., useful, -ilel, n., utility;
usefulness; use.
utillsar, v., to utilize.
Utopia, n., Utopia; Utopia; -^k,
a., Utopian, -w^, n., Utopian.
u— u, c, either— or.
vad, n., ford, -ar, v., to ford;
to wade.
vafr, n., wafer; waffle.
vag, a., vague; indefinite.
vagabund, n., vagabond; va-
\ g;raLia\.. -ar , n . ^ to vagabondize.
vagia^ - ven
131
vaglar, v., to cry; to whine; to
whimper.- ^ [vagina.
vagin, n., sheath; scabbard;
vagon» n., car; railroad car.
vaka, n., cow.
vakanSy n., vacation.
vaksin» n., cow-pox. -ar, v., to
vaccinate, -astotiy n., vaccina-
tion.
vaku, a., vacant; empty; void.
-ifikar^ v., to clear, -itet, n.,
emptiness; vacuity; vacancy;
val, n., valley; vale; dale. [void.
valar, v., to be worth; tohav^
value; to be worth while, pt
val, it is worth whilej -id^ a. ,
valid, -idiiet, n., validity, -or,
n., value; worth.
Valakia, n., Wallachia.
valerian, n., valerian.
vals, n., waltz, -ar^ v., to waltz.
valuty n., value; valuation.
valv, n., valve.
vamplr, n., vampire.
van, a., vain; futile, -e, ad.,
vainly; in vain. -itetyU.^
vanity.
vanad, n., vanadium (V).
vandal, n., vandal, -istn^ n.,
vandalism.
vanel, n., lapwing; peewit;
vanlli, n., vanilla. [plover.
vapor, n., steam; vapor, -ar,
v., to steam (tr. and intr.)
variar, V. tr., to vary; to change.
-asion^ n., variation; change
-ably a., variable; changeable.
-ahlitet^ n., variability; varia- ;
bleness; changeableness. -os^
a., various, -^sitet^ n., variety;
variousness.
varietet, n., variety (of a
species).
\Bx\ar kaval;', to change horses.
vari-kolor, n., variegation, -ik,
a., variegated.
variol, n., smallpox; variola.
vas, n., vase; vessel.
vasal, n., vassal.
vas-fragment, a., shard; pot-
sherd. *
vasilar, v., to vacillate; to
waver.
vast, a., vast.
vat, n., wadding; padding.
vatlkan, n., Vatican, -ik, a.,
ve ! , i., woe ! [Vatican.
ve a mi I woe to me !
veget^r, v., to vegetate, -asion,
n., vegetation, -adl^ a., vege-
table, [(plant).
vegetabil, n., herb; vegetable
vegetari, n., vegetable food;
vegetable diet, -an, a. and n.,
vegetarian, -anisfn, n., vege-
tarianism.
vehement, a., vehement, -itef
(vehemens), n., vehemence.
vehlkl, n., vehicle, -ar, v., to
ride; to drive.
yelxisar, v., to vex; to plague; to
harass; to tease.
vel, n., veil, -ar, v., to veil.
velkom, n., welcome, -ar, v.,
to welcome.
velos, a., swift; speedy, -e, ad.,
swiftly; speedily, -itet, n.,
velocity; swiftness.
velosiped, n., velocipede, -isl,
n., velocipedist.
velut, n., velvet.
yen, n., \e\\i.
132
venar— vespr
venar, v., to hunt, -ad, n.,
hunt; chase, -ator^ n., hunter;
huntsman.
vend, n., sale, -ar, v., to sell.
-ad, n., sale(s) (trade, busi-
ness).
vendrdi, n., Friday, -an and
de \,, a., Friday.
venen, n., poison; venom, -ar,
v., to poison. -OS, a., poison-
ous; venomous, -ositet, n.,
ppisonousness; venomousness.
venerar, v., to venerate, -asion,
n., veneration, -ator, n.,
venerator, -ahl, a., venerable.
-ahlitet, n., venerability;
venerableness.
venlar, v. , to come.
venison, n., venison.
vent, n., wind, -ar, v., to blow;
to be windy, -os, a., windy.
ventil^r, v. , to ventilate, -asion,
n., ventilation, -ator, n., ven-
tilator.
ventol, n., fan. -ar, v., to fan.
ventr, n., belly, -os, a., bellied;
ventricose; ventricous.
ver, a., true, -ifikar, v., to
verify. -//?^a5/o«, n., verifica-
tion, -itet, n., truth; verity.
veras, a., veracious; truthful.
-e, ad., truly; indeed, -itet,
n., veracity; truthfulness.
verb, n., verb.
verb auksiliar, intransitlv,
ref leksiv, trans i t ijv , aux-
iliary verb, intransitive verb,
reflexive v. , transitive v.
verd, a., green, -atr, a., green-
ish, -eskar, v. , to become
green.
verdlkt, n., verdict.
verg, n., rod; wand.
verm, n., worm.
ver^ — ma, trul y — but ; indeed—
but.
vermilion, n., vermilion.
vermin, n., vermin.
vernis, n., varnish, -ar^ v., to
varnish.
vers, n., verse; line. -ijikar,y.^
versar, v., to pour, [to versify.
version, n., version.
versu, p., toward(s).
versu anterior^, ad. , toward the
front; forward.
versu dors, ad., toward the
rear; backward; back.
versu est, ad., toward the east;
easterly; eastward.
versu flank, ad., toward the
side; sideways; side wise.
versu nord, ad., toward the
north; northerly; northward.
versu siXo^e, ad., hitherward;
in this direction.
versu sud, ad., toward the
south; southerly; southward.
versu uest, ad., toward the
west; westerly; westward.
vertebr, n., vertebra.
vertigin, n., vertigo; dizziness.
-OS, a., dizzy; vertiginous.
vertlkal, a., vertical; upright.
vertis, n., vertex; crown.
veruk, n., wart.
vesik, n., vesicle; blister;
bubble; bladder.
vesp, n., wasp.
vespertili, n., bat.
vespr, n., evening, -e, ad., in
the evening.
vest— visier
133
vest, n., garment, -ar, v., to
clothe; to dress; to attire; to
vest; to invest.
Vestfalta, n., Westphalia.
vestibul, n., vestibule.
vest^ak, n., pocket.
veteran, n., veteran.
veto, n., veto.
via, n., way.
via, p. , by way of; via.
vibrar, v., to vibrate, -asion,
n., vibration.
vidu, a., widowed, -o, n.,
widower, -a, n., widow -ttet,
n , widowhood, -eskar, v., to
be (become) widowed.
vigllar, v., to watch; to be
awake, -ant^ part., vigilant;
watchful; alert; awake, and
n., watchman, -eskar, v., to
wake; to wake up; to waken;
to awake; to awaken, -ifikar,
V , to wake; to wake up;
to waken; to awake; to
awaken.
vigor, n., vigor -ar, v., to in-
vigorate; to strengthen. -oSy
a., vigorous, -ositet, n., vigor-
ousness.
vikar, n., vicar; vicegerent.
-aVy V. , to act as vicar or vice-
gerent.
vlktim, n., victim; sacrifice,
-ar, v., to immolate; to sacri-
fice.
Viktor, n., victor.
viktori, n., victory, -ar, v., to
be victorious; to vanquish; to
defeat; to overcome. -(?5, a.,
victorious.
viktual, n., victuals.
vil, a., worthless, -ilel, n. ,
worthlessness.
Vila, n., villa.
Vila], n., village.
viian, a., nasty; vile.
vin, n., wine.
vindikar, v., to avenge, -asion ^
n», vengeance; revenge.
vinegr, n., vinegar.
viniet, n., vignette.
vioiar, v., to violate; to trans-
gress; to infringe, -asion, n.,
violation; transgression; in-
fringement.
vioia, n., viola; tenor violin.
vioiet, n., violet (flower).
violet, a., violet; violet-colored.
violin, n., violin; fiddle, -isl,
n., violinist.
violoncel, n., violoncello.
vipr, n., viper.
vir, n., man.
virgin, a., vi rginal . -a, n.,
virgin; maiden. -//L^\..
yakt — yuvent
135
yakt, n., yacht.
yanuar, n., January.
Yaponiay n., Japan.
yaslar, v., to lie (be situated).
ye, c, yet; nevertheless; how-
yelb, a., yellow. [ever; still.
yok, n., joke; jest, -ar, v., to
joke; to jest. -oSy a., jocose;
jesting.
yovdi, n., Thursday, -an and
de y»9 a., Thursday.
yovial, a. , jovial. -iUt, n. ,
joviality; jovialness.
ytlbily n., jubilation; exultation,
-ar. v., to rejoice; to exult; to
jubilate, -er, n., jubilarian.
-adf n., jubilee.
yudsiik, a., Jewish; Judaic, -w,
a., Jew. -WW, n., Judaism.
yudikar, v., to judge (in law).
-alor, n., judge, -asion, n.,
judgment (act of judging).
-ad, n., judgment; decision;
sentence.
yudisi, n., judgment (product
of mental act of judging),
-ar, v., to judge, -asion, n.,
judgment (mental act).
yug, n., yoke.
yukundya., jocund; glad; joy-
ful.
yuli, n., July, -an and de y,,
a., July.
yuiiy a., young, -iftkar, v., to
rejuvenate, -itet^ n., youth-
fulness.
yuniy n., June, -an and de y.,
a., June.
yunior, a., junior; younger.
yunipr, n., juniper.
yun-kaval, n., foal; colt.
yunktar, v., to join; to hitch
up (horses), -e, ad., jointly;
conjointly; together.
yun-ran, n., tadpole.
yup, n., petticoat.
yur, n., right; law. -isi, n.,
jurist, -istik^ a., juristic;
juristical.
yiirar, v., to swear; to take an
oath, -ad^ n., oath, -ade^ ad.,
on oath. -^, n., juror, -z, n.,
jurors; jury -ifikar, v., to
swear (any oi. '^.
yurid/^, a., juridic, turidical;
rightful; lawful.' -e, r'! ,
rightly; of right.
yunsdiksion, n., jurisdiction.
y urlsprudens, n. , j u r i s p r u -
dence.
yust, a., just; right; righteous.
-itety n., justice; justness;
right; righteousness -ifikar,
v.. to justify; to vindicate, -e,
ad., just; exactly; precisely.
yust^ el sem, pr., the very
same; just the same.
yustis, n., justice (administra-
tion of justice).
yvLSte it sem, pr., the very
same (thing); just the same
(thing).
yust^ 5/temp^, ad., just now.
yut, n., jute.
yuvel, n. , jewel, -er, n. , jeweler.
yuvent, n., youth (time).
_j.«
ENGLISH — NEUTRAL.
a, art., see § 4 of Grammar,
a day; a month, etc., in dium;
in mens es.; e. g. twice a
month = dufoa in mens.
abandon, v., abandonar.
abase, v., basifikar, v-
abash, v., pudift^ar.
abate, v., raJtmtar,
abbess, n., abata.
abbey, n., abateri.
abbot, n., alMit.
abbreviate, v., abreylar.
abbreviation, n.,abreylasion.
abdicate, v., abdlkar.
abdication, n., abdlhasion,
abdomen, n., abdomin.
abduct, v., raptar.
abduction, n., rapt.
aberrate, v., aberar.
aberration, n., aberasion.
abhor, v., abominar.
abide, v., permandjr(last).
ability, n., Icapablz/^/.
abjure, v., abyurar.
ablative, n., ablativ.
able, a., kapabl.
able, be, v., potesar (can).
abolish, v., anuiar.
abominable, a., abomina^/.
abominate, v., abominar.
abomination, n., abomlnasion.
abound, v., abundar.
about, ad.» strka. [(around).
about, p., dl iccmctinmh sirka
above, ad., superior^?.
above, p., superiors de (over);
uitra (beyond),
abridge, v., abreviar.
abridgment, n., abreylasion.
abroad, n., ekstria (foreign
parts),
abrogate, v., anula;'.
abscess, n., abses.
absence, n., absent//^/ (absens).
absent, a., absent.
absinthium, n., absint.
absolute, a., absoitit.
absolution, n., absolyasion (ab-
solusion).
absolutism, n., absoiutz5;//.
absolve, v., absolvar.
absorb, v., absorbar.
absorbed in thought, be, me-
dit^zr profunda di UK,
abstain, v.,abstinar.
abstemious, a., abstinent.
abstinence, n., abstinent//^/
(abstinens).
abstinent, a., abstinent.
abstract, a., abstralct.
abstract, v., abstralct^r.
absurd, a., absurd.
absurdity, n., absurd ;V^A
abundance, n., abunda^.
abuse, n., niisiis (misuse); in-
yuri (railing),
abuse, v., w/Z^usar (misuse); in-
yuriflr (rail at),
abyss, n., abism.
AbyssmvA, tv., NXA^^ia.
140
after — allegoric
after, p., po.
after, c, po ke.
afternoon, in the, ad., po-medi-
dlurn^.
afterwards, ad., posterior^.
again, ad., denove.
against, p., kontr (opposed to);
ad (at),
agate, n., agat.
age, n.,ansian//^^ (ancientness).
age, V. intr., anslaneskar.
agency, n., agensl.
agent, n., agent.
agglutinate, v., ad-gltitinar.
aggravate, v., plu-maiifikar.
aggregate, n., kompleks.
aggregate, v., faslar sum de
(amount to),
agile, a., agil.
agio, n., ajio.
agitate, v., agltar.
agitation, n., agitasion.
agitator, n., agitator.
ago, ad., ante (five years ago
=ante kuink anul).
agony, n., agonl.
agree, v., pakt^r (make com-
pact); akordar (accord);
akord^r se (be on good terms),
agreeable, a., agreabl.
agreeableness, n., agreablilel.
agreement, n., akord (accord);
pakt (compact); konvension
(convention),
agriculture, n., agrlkultur,
ah ! , i., a !
aid, n., sukurs.
aid, v., sukursa^.
aid of, by the, p., ko sukurs de.
si/in, n., but (goa]).
aim, v., hutar.
aim at, v. , hutar.
air, n., aer (atmosphere); aria
(tune),
air-tight, a., hemiet/>&.
alabaster, n., alabastr.
alarm, n., alarm.
alarm, v., alarmar.
alas ! , i., regret^.'
alb, n., alb.
Albania, n., Albania,
album, n., albom. ' [mist),
alchemist, n., alkimh^/ (alki-
alchemistic, a., alklmlii/^ (al-
kimistik).
alchemy, n., alklml.
alcohol, n., alkohol.
alcove, n., alkov.
alder, n., ain.
ale-house, n., hlreri.
alembic, n., alambik.
alert, a., yl^lant.
alfenid(e), n., alfenid.
algebra, n., algebra.
algebraic, a., algebra/>&^
Algeria, n., Aljena.
alien, a., allen/>&.
alienate, v., alienor.
alienation, n., alleiia5/t7».
alien country (land), n.. alleoia.
alight, v., desendar.
aliment, n., ailment.
alimental, a., aliment^?;.
alimentation, n., nXlnkefoXasion.
alive, a., \l\ik.
alkali, n., alkali.
alkaline, a., alkali/^.
all, a., omni.
all (one's) life, ad., pro-vlt^.
all the time, ad.. In omnI temp*
allegoric (al), a., alegorl/i^ (ale-
allegory^nalogous
ry, n., AlegoH.
ambassador, n , Ambaaader.
D.. al£.
amber, n., eMiropetr.
ike, a. alea/r
ambiguity, n., amblguiiil.
X, n , allans.
ambiguous, a., amblgu.
:or, n., allgator.
ambition, n., amblsl.
ambitious, a., amblsliix.
■d. lie, V aviD- permit a.
amble, n.,ambl.
, v.aluddr
amble, v.. ambli'-.
, v., aicktur.
ambler. n.,amblii^r.
ment. n.ialektii/ow.
ambrosia, n., ambrosl.
>n, n..a.ludas!Oii.
ambrosial, a., ambrosliiu.
at. a., aJmanak.
ameliorate, v.,plu-bonifiil:ar.
d, n., mand.
amen!, i.. amen I
t. ad..kuasl.
America, n., Amerik
American, a., amerikau.
aloe.
American, n,, amerikau.
ad. asuperiori".
amethyst, n.,ametlst.
a., sol.
amiability, n., nmablitct.
ad., sole.
amiable, a., amabl.
p., longa.
>et. n.. tdfabet.
amnesty, n..amiie8tl.
n.. Alp.-.
amnesty, v.. amllestlirr.
Tn^A^S;.,-..
among, p., Intr.
:., et.
amorousness, n., tuaorosiiet.
n., altar.
amortization, n., amorOsHswif
V. tr.. mutar.
amortize, v., amortlsnr.
ate, v..altenkir.
amount, n.. Sum.
ation, a.. altenuMWrt.
amount to, v., faslnrsum de.
itive,D.,alteniatlv.
amphibian, n., amflbl.
igh, c. aegilganUke.
amphibian, a,, amflblaii,
1%. n.. .IttW.
ample, a , ampl
ther, ad., totals (quite).
aiiiphfy, v,,ampliAhir
n.. alum.
ampUlude, n., amplitel.
ainm, aluminum, n..
amputate, v., amputur.
nlnlum.
amputation, n., Mnputasion.
i, ad., semprf.
amulet, n., amulet.
am, n., amalgam.
an, art'., see § 4 of Grammar.
.v..kumular.
anal, a., ani,^.
>n, an, n., amason.
analogous, a.., analog.
142
analysis, n.. MUtllS.
aualyse, v., anallsar,
anapest, n., anapest.
anapestic, a., anapest;^'.
anarchic, a., alla^kl/l^ (anarkik).
anarchism, ii.. aoarkl/jw (anar-
anarcbist, n., aata^list (aaar-
kist).
anarchy, n., anarkl.
anathema, n., anatetn.
Anatolia, n Anatolia.
a., ■natanilT;^
a n al y sis — an tiqui ty
(at,
Mik).
anatomist, n., anatomli,
(anatomist),
anatomy ii. anatoml.
ancbor, □., ankr.
anchor, v., aOikTar.
ancient, a..aaslaa.
i.i>..aaBl»nilei.
and so forth, e setr/=e S.
Andalusia, 1L, Andalusia.
anecdote, n anekdot.
anew, ad., denove.
angel, n., angel.
anger, n., koler.
angina, n.. angln.
angle, a., angful.
angle, v., anglar.
Angora, a., angorn'f.
angrj-, a.,.koIeroj.
angry, l>e. v., kolerar.
animal, n., animal.
animal, a., anlmaii>.
animate, v.. anlmar.
annals, n., anall.
aitnKx. v., an^tsar.
lihitate, v., anuli7f-
liversary, n. anlversar
anunslar.
annoy, v., laalesiar.
annual, a., unuii ((anual) yesr-
ly): fnoncnaui'it (of one year).
ennui, v., anulor'.
anoint, v., unsuentur.
anonymity, n,, anonlniifW.
anonymous, a., anoolm.
another, a., otr.
another, pr., Otr.
another time, ad., Otl^d.
answer, □., respond.
answer, v., respondar.
answerable, a., responddU.
an.swerable tor, be, v., re-
spondar.
antagonist, n., adverse.
antelope, n., ontllop.
antenna, n., palp.
anterior, a., anterior.
anteriorly, ad., aatertortf,
anthem, n., antlfon.
an ti alcoholic, a., an/uUkollOl£(.
anticipate, v., prevtaiar (fote-
stall); /n«entlmentar Qwi
presentiment of).
Antilles, n., Antlli.
antimony, n., uttlmoil.
antipathetic, a., antlpatlti
(antipatik).
antipathy, n., aotipatl.
antiphon. n., sntilon.
antiphonal, a., antlfon£t.
antipode, n.. aatlpod.
antipope, n., anlipap.
antique, a., antlk.
1 iXL'al ^x^Tccwsax ,
anaV, a., atkik.
analogous, a., «»a\^%*
144
aquanum — as
aquarium, n., akuarltim.
arabesque, ii., arabesk.
Arabia, n., Arabia.
. arbiter, n., arbltr.
arbitrariness, n., arbitrar//^/.
arbitrary, a. , arbitrar.
arbitration, n., arbitraj.
arc, n., ark.
arcade, n., arKad.
arch, n., ark.
archangel, n., arkiangel,
archbishop, n., arkiepisKop.
archduke, n., arkidiik.
archer, n., ark^r.
archetype, n.^ prolotip,
architect, n., arkltekt.
archives, n., arklv.
archway, n., arViad,
ardent, a., ardoros,
ardor, n., ardor.
are, u., ar (loo square meters).
arena, n., aren.
areometer, n., areometr.
argil, n., argil.
argillaceous, a., ar%\\os.
argol, n., tartr.
argon, n., argon.
argue, v., argument^zr.
argument, n., argument.
aria, n., aria.
arid, a., sik.
aridity, n , slkilet.
arise, v., levarse.
aristocracy, n., arlstokratz.
aristocrat, n., aristokrat.
arithmetic, n., aritmetlk.
arm, n., bras (of body); arm
(weapon).
^rm, v., armar.
armature, n., armatur.
arm-chair, n., bras-stul.
I
\
Armenia, n., Armenia.
arms, n., arm-emblem (escutch-
eon).
army, n., arml.
army, a., armXik and de armi.
aroma, n., aromat.
aromatic, a., aromatt^.
around; all around, ad., sirka.
around, p., sirka.
arrack, n., arak.
arrange, v., ad-rangar.
arrangement, n., ord (order).
arrest, n., arest.
arrest, v., arestar.
arrive, v., arivar.
arrive at, v. , arivar.
arrogance, n., aroganti/^/ (aro-
gans).
arrogant, a., arogant.
arrow, n., sagit.
arrowroot, n., arorut.
arsenal, n., arsenal.
arsenic, n., arsen.
art, n., art (fine art); astiisi
(cunning); artifisi (skill).
artery, n., arter.
artful, a., astU8k?5 (c r a f t y ) ;
artifisi^5 (ingenious).
artichoke, u., artlshok.
article, n. , artlkl (in paper;
also part of speech).
artifice, n., artiilsi.
artificial, a., artlfislal.
artillerist, n., artWerlist (artile-
rist).
artillery, n., artllerl.
artisan, n., metier/^/.
artist, n., artist,
artless, a., naiv.
atW^SiStvess, n,, naXwiiet,
as, c. , kausf (because); In
iaiaiilei de (in capacity of);
kualf( Justus).
asbestos, n., asbest.
ascend, v., asendar.
Ascension, n,, osenslOD.
ascertain, v., konstatiir' (estab-
lish).
ascetic, n., asket.
ascribe, v., Imputar.
ash, n., fraksln (tree).
ashamed, be, v., pudur-.
ashes, n., sen.
Asia, n., Asia.
Asia Minor, n., Anatoliu.
AsiHtic, a., asla» lasiatik).
aside ad. a flankfiloone side);
apart (at oQe side).
as if, ckual^-lt.
aslc, v., Iflterogii/- (interrcjffate);
pregizr ire<|uest); demandar
(demandl.
as long ai;, c, talf long? ke.
as often as. c, omBl/oa ke.
asparagus, n., asparg.
aspect, n.,BBpekt.
aspen, a., trembl.
asphalt, n,, asfalt.
aspire, v.. asplrur.
assail, v., atakar.
assassin, n., asasInaj^Lir.
assassinate, v., asaslour.
. assassination, n,. aaasliusiou.
assault, n., afak.
assault, v., atskar.
assemble, v., konventar (intr.);
reunlar (trans.),
assembly, a., konvent.
assent, v,, asentlar'.
^sphere 145
assert, v., afiritiur.
assertion, n., atlrmasion.
laterai).
assiduity, n., aelduiie/.
assiduous, a., asldu.
assiKu, v., ttSlgaar.
assist, v., sukurBrt/- (succor);
asistirriheipi.
n , sukurs (succor).
I , ttslsViirl.
!, v.. asoslar (trans.)
.. asosW.
as soon as. c rr^ mediate' po ke.
Assume, v., suposiir suppose);
prendorsu BCiundertake)
assuniinjjlhut, c..BUpoStf«/fke.
assurance, n., asekuriw/on,
assure, v., asekurnr.
AssjTia, n., Aslr/n.
asthma, n., astmat. [prised.
astonished, be, v., esar sur-
astrolt^er, n,, astrolo£.
astrology, n., astrologl.
«stronom.
a., astronoml/^
(a.
., astronoml.
I, n.,asll.
atheism, n., atelsm.
atheist, n., ateist.
athlete, n., atlet.
athletic, 3., atlet:^.
Atlantic Ocean, osean A
iantii.
atlas, n., atlas.
atmospteie, \i,, B.\.ift(»\fex,
146
atom — baboon
atom, 11., atom.
at once, ad., ftetnedlate.
atone for, v. , ekspiar.
atonement, n., eksplaswn,
at pleasure, seUuantu plisa^.
attack, n., atak.
attack, v., atakar.
attain, v., atlnar.
attempt, n., efors.
attempt, v., elorsfl';'.
attention, n., atension.
attention to, pay, v., Konsldar.
attentive, a., atensloiU75.
attest, v., atestar.
attire, v., vest^r.
attorney, n., prokum/.
attract, v., atrakt^r.
attraction, n., sharm (charm);
atraktasion ((atraksion) act
of attracting),
attribute, v., Imput^r.
at \vill, stkuanlu pllsad.
auction, n.,auksion.
auction, v., aukslonar.
audience, n., atidlens.
augment, n., augment.
augment, v., augment^zr.
augmentation, n., augments-
August, n., august. [sion.
aunt, n., tanta.
aurochs, n., ur.
auscultate, v., auskult^zr.
Australia, n., Australia.
Austria, n., Austn'a.
authentic, a., autentx^.
authenticate, v., dokumentsr.
mithor, n., autor.
author, be, v. , esar autor.
authority, n., autoritet.
authorize, v., autorisar.
Autobiography, n,,autoh\OfS^^*
automatic, a., automatt'y^.
automatically, ad. , automata.
automaton, n., automat.
automobile, a., aiUomobiU
automobile, n., [vehlkl] auio-
mobil.
autumn, n., fruktotemp.
auxiliary verb, verb aukslliar.
avarice, n., ayaritet,
avaricious, a., avar.
avaricious, be, v., esaravar.
avenge, v., vlndikar.
avenue, n., a\t (alley, path),
aversion, n., aversion.
avid, a., avid.
avidity, n., awXditet.
avoid, v., evitar.
avow, v., konfesar.
await, v., atendar.
awake, a., yl^XatU.
awake, v., \\^\eskar (intransOi
yi^Xiftkar (trans.),
awake, be, v., vigilar.
awaken, v., vigll^5^ar(mtraiis.);
yX^Xifikar (trans.),
award premium or prize, v.i
away ! , i., apo ! [premior.
awkward, a., ;i^pt.
awkwardness, n., neaptUet,
awl, n., alen.
axe, n., skur.
axiom, n., aksiom.
axis, n., aks.
axle, n., aks.
azote, n., asot.
azure, a., asur.
B
babble, v., babiUor.
., posterior.
i., retro (backward).
mud, n.. ton.
, p.. dorsu.
rd, ad., retro; ven
Ml., It mal (the evil).
ii..daks.
■., trustrar.
sak.
:, n., bagaj.
gamatad (ga&tmxtet);
it (person!.
gantntzr.
n., ganiitt.
., bakar.
n., bakfli/ (batch).
, n., tmlans (equipoise);
B (iu commerce; as in
Mtence).
, V. intr., tMUwi8ar'(ei]ui-
', u., balkon. [poise).
.kalv.
s, n., kai\itet.
tr., tnatrar.
, bul (bullet); bal
e).
d, n., kanunbol (bil-
-bark 147
Baltic Sea, mar Baltt^.
I baluster, n., balustr.
1 balustrade, n,, briustrarf.
. bamboo, n., bambu.
banana, n., banati.
1 band, n., band (tie); trup
I (troop).
j bandage, n., bandaj.
bandage-maker, D., baadajf's/.
bandbox, n,, skatul.
I bandit, n., bandit.
I banish, v,, eksllar.
j banishment, ii., eksll.
biiiili, n,, bank atiTr (strikei; puUar
(pulsate): iiastonnr (cudgel).
beat down, v.. de-meilUUItdf
(prices),
beatitude, n., beati/f/.
beat oif, v.. de-bttfcir.
beautiful, a., bel.
beautiful, the, n., it bel.
beautiful-eyed, a,, kaliaVoAos.
beauty, n., btMtct.
beaver, n., kastor.
because, c, kausf.
because of, p., kausK.
because of Uiat, ad., UlMaae.
because of this, ad., sHauMBe.
become, v. , devenlur,
become blunted, v. , ohttaseskar.
become drunk, v., ehlifiJcar tt.
become dull, v., Obta&eskar.
become dumb, i
become — benefactor
149
lame, v., deyenlar mis-
tl,
poor, v., povreskar.
sick, v., mala^skar.
stupid, v., stupldeskar.
wild, v., feroseskar.
ig, a., desent.
bed (couch); bet (of
n).
I, n., beduin.
api.
L, fag.
, bov-karn (meat),
k, n., bifstek.
, n., spleri,
, bir.
use, n., blreri.
, betarubr.
1., skarab (insect),
p., ante (temporal and
; present/^ (in presence
ad., anterior^?.
;:., ante ke.
ind, ad., avans^.
md with, be, v., pre-
r,
v., sordifikar.
mendikar (ask alms);
r (request).
., generar.
•, n., generator.
a, v., de-mendlkar.
n., mendtkanL
., komensar.
ag, n., komens.
ig, in the, ad., komens^
komens.
7., de-mendikar.
!, i., apo!
Ion, v., pregar pardon.
behave, v., kondukt^rse.
behavior, n., kondukt.
behead, v., de-kapar (dekapi-
tar),
beheading, n., de-Uapasion (de-
\iaLpitasion) .
behind, p., po; dors^.
behind, ad., posteriori.
behold, v., aspektar.
behold!, i., ekse !
be in condition v., esar In
stand (be able),
belch, v., eruktar.
belching, n., ervktasion,
beleaguer, v., ob^idlar.
Belgium, n., Belg^Vz.
belie, v. , dementias (contradict),
belief, n., kred.
believe, v., kredar.
believe in something, v., kredar
in kk.
bell, n., kick.
belladonna, n., beladon.
bellied, a., ventro5.
belly, n., ventr.
belong, v., apartenar.
below, ad., inferiors.
below, p., inferiors de (lower
than),
belt, n., sintur.
belt, v., sinturar.
belvedere, n., belveder.
belvidere, n., beiveder.
belying, n., dementi.
bench, n., skamnu.
bend, n., kurv (curve),
bend, v., flekt^zr (flex); Kury ar
(curve),
beneath, p., sub.
benediction, n., benedlka^tV^n.
beneiajclot , w. , V*e«ifeA«sa\alor .
150
benefice — ^bivouac
benefice, n., benetls.
beneliceut, a., bene-tosiiin/.
benefit, n., profit Iprslit).
benefit, v., btne-tasi,!/:
benefit of, for the, p., profits.
benevolent, a,, benevolent.
bent, a., kurv;*^.
benzine, n., benslii.
benzole, n., bensol.
bequeath, v,, t rans-mitu)-
hered^-.
be quiet !, i., sllensi I
bereave, v., prlvar.
berry, n., ber.
beryl, n,. beril.
beryllium, n., berillum,
beseech, v., SUpllkar.
beside, p.. vislnu.
besides, ad., ekstr It.
besides, p., ekStr.
besiege, v.. obsldlar.
Bessarabia, n.. Besanibia.
bestow, v., doaar.
bet. n., paii.
bet, v.. poiittr.
betray, v., tradlt/ir.
betroth, v., flansar.
betrothal, n., Ilnoaasioii.
betrothed (couple), n., tlamedi.
better, v., plU-hOBifiiar.
between, p., Intr.
between, ad., Intr^,
between, in, ad., Intn-.
bewitch, v., stuu-man
beyond, p., trans (across);
ulterior^ de {on farther side
of); ultra (over, more than).
Bible, n.,blbl.
bicycle, n., blslkl.
bicyclist, n., blsOnlisi.
bill, v., Imperar.
big, a., gros (thick).
bigarade. n.. oran] amer.
bigoted, a., bigot,
bilateral, a., iitlaaltii.
bilberry, n., mlrtil.
bile.
., bill.
bijiiigiial A. bi\\asui/i.
I bilious, a., blllos.
I bill, n., bek (beaM; faktur(iD-
' voice); nota ireckoninK).
billet. n,,bil]et note),
billiards, n , bllbrd. [oooL,
billion, nr., billon (1,000,000.-
i bill posted up, n., oflsh.
biud. v.. bandar (tie); obligor
(oblige),
bind books, v., lfbr-band/7r
bind by oath, v. , obllgar medhi
j biography, n., Mografl.
! bircb. n., betul.
bird, n.. Omit.
bird of prey, omit rapns.
; biretta, n,, turet.
j birth, n., nat.
! birth to, give, v., aatar.
I biscuit,n. bisklt (msk); blalnft
f (crackerj.
bishop, n., episkop (digtiitai7);
kuner (in cheas).
bismulh, n., Msmut.
I bison. Europekti n at
bissextile, a., blsekstU.
! bissextile, n., onu MsdEstn.
! bit, a., morsel.
I bite, n.. raordad (wonnd).
; bite, v., mordar.
i bitter, a., amer.
bitumen, n., bitumla.
I bituminous, a., bitnin'
1 \«\QVlW:,U.,>ft."book, n., papir-libr.
heme, v., blasfemar.
, n., flam.
, v., flam^zr.
h, v., palldi/ikar.
hery, n., paU6i/ikeri. \
, v., sangulnardntr.).
to death, v., eks-san-
nar.
sh, n.. makul (stain); de-
t (fault).
sh, v., makular.
, v., miksar.
V. , benedlkar (consecrate) ; !
sifikar (make happy). ;
id, a., beat.
rdness, n., teatiiei. y^
ng, n., benedlka^/(?;/.
, a., siek.
, v., s\elx.ifikar.
less, n., sX^kitet.
ivorm, n., fals-serpent.
r, n., veslk.
, n., blok (wood, stone, '
).
ade, v., bloktfr.
up, v., blok^r.
e, a., blond.
blood, n., sanguin.
bloom, v., iXorar.
blossom, v., iXorar,
blot, n., makul.
blot, v., makul^r.
blow, n., bat (stroked.
blow, v., suflflr (general sense;
produce current of air); venter
>of wind),
blubber, n., plsk-gres.
blue, a., bill.
blue, v., hXuifikar.
bluish, a., hXvkatr.
blunt, a., brusk (in manner);
obtus (dull),
bluntness, n., brusk/V^/.
blush, v., rvheskar.
bluster, v., hmar.
board, n., plank ^, lank); kaKon
(pasteboard',
boast of, V , ostent^;-.
bobbin, n., bobin.
body, n., korp.
Bohemia, n., Bohem/V;.
boil, v., bullar (trans, and intr.).
boiler, n., kaldron.
bold, a., hard.
boldness, n., hard/Ve'/.
Bolivia, n., Bollv/a.
bolt, n., bar.
bolt, V. , barar (bar).
bomb, n., bomb.
bombard, v., bombard(Z/'.
bonbon, n., bonbon.
bond, n., band (tie).
bondsman, n., garant.
bone, n., OS.
book, n., Ilbr.
bookbinder, n., Ilbr-banda/^r.
bookkeeper, n., Ilbr-ten^^r.
booklet, TV., VVatct.
152
J
bookseller — breath
bookseller, n., Whrer.
bookshop, n., Whreri.
bookstore, n., llhreri.
boot, n., bot.
booty, n., Uaptad.
borax, n., boraks.
border, n., bord.
border, v., border.
bore, v., perforar (drill); enular
(weary).
bom, be, v., naskar.
boron, n., bor.
borough, n., burg.
borrow, v., prendar pro kredit.
botanical, a., botanika/.
botanize, v., hotanlsar.
botany, n., botanik.
both, a., omnl du.
both — and, c, e— e.
both times, ad., omni-dufoa.
bottle, n , botell.
bottom, at the, ad., bas^.
bottom, to the, ad., a bas^.
bough, n., ram.
bound, n., salt (leap).
bound, v., saltar (leap); limitar
(limit).
boundary, n., limit.
bouquet, n., buket.
bourse, n., burs.
bovine animal, bov.
bow, n., ark,
bowel, n., Intestin.
bowl, n., bokal (beaker.
bowman, n., ark^^.
box, n., kaset (box in general);
kest case or chest;; skatui
(such as bandbox, hat-box,
pasteboard box); skatui^/
/such as snuff-box, pill-box);
iodji (in theater, etc.).
box, v., boksar(with fists),
boy, n., puer.
bracelet, n., braselet.
bracket, n., kramp ( [] ).
brag of, V. , ostentar.
braid, n., tres (tress); pase-
ment (fringe),
braid, v., tresar.
braid-maker, n., pasement^r.
brain, n., serebr.
brake, n., fren i mechanical d^
bran, n., bran. [vice),
branch, n., ram.
brand, n., stlgmat.
brandy, n., akuavlt.
brass, n., latun.
brave, a., bra v.
bravery, n., hrmsitet.
bravo ! , i., brav^.'
Brazil, n., Braslh'a.
breach, n., bresh.
bread, n., pan.
breadth, n., \tkr%itet.
break, n., franga^ (fracture);
bresh (breach;; \\n\et de se-
p&rasion (dash),
break, v., f ranger (fracture); |
dresar (train animals). j
breakfast, n., matin-repast.
breakfast, v., matin -repastor.
break in, v., dresar (train ani- j
malsV '
break off, v., de-f ranger.
break to pieces, dtstrangar,
break up, distrtmgar (break to
pieces),
breast, n., mamel (mammary
gland;; pektor i chest).
breastplate, n., kiras.
breath, n., respir (respiration);
breathe — building
153
, v., resplrar (respire),
out, v., halltar.
ig, n., resplrasioH.
s, n., pantalon.
n., bris.
f,n., brevlar.
n., brew itei.
., bir-kukar.
T, n., blr-kuk^r^'.
L, brlk.
make, produktar brikz.
I., iitknseda.
oom, n., fltinsedo,
lan, n., paranlmf.
n., pont.
v., trans -pontar.
)ver, V. , trans-pont^ir.
n., brid.
v., hrldar.
, brev.
$s, n., hrevitet.
, n.y brigad.
i, n., brigand.
a., splendid.
be, v., splendar.
ess, n., splend^^r.
., bord.
T,, ad-portar (fetch);
ir (furnish ».
)rth, v., nat^r.
1., bord.
n., setul.
a., setulos.
yr, n., Breton /a.
a., trAtigadl
ess, n., irangadlilet.
I., larg.
I, v., lairgt/ikar.
•e, n., broshur.
n., kurtiiJ25/.
ge, n., kurtaj.
bromine, n., brom.
bronchial, a., bronkii^ (bronki-
al).
bronchus, n., bronkl.
bronze, n., brons.
bronze, v., bronsar.
brood, n., kuv.
brook, n., fluvl^/.
broom, n., svip.
broth, n., bulion.
brothel, n.. bordel.
brother, n., fratr.
brother-in-law, n., bel-fratr.
brow, n., front.
brown, a., bnin.
brown, v., hrunifikar.
bruise, n., kontuslon.
bruise, v., kontusionar.
brush, n., brus (for brushing);
pinsi (pencil),
brush, v., brusar.
brush away, v., de-brtisar.
brush off, v., de-bnisa/.
brusque, a., brusk.
brusqueness, n., brtisktV^/.
brutal, a., brutal.
brutality, n., hrutatilet,
bubble, n., vesik.
bucket, n., situl.
buckle, n., fibl.
buckle, v., fiblflr.
buckler, n., skut.
bud, n., boton.
bud, v., botonar.
buffoon, n., bufon.
buffoon, a., bufom^.
buffoonery, n., bufona^.
bug, n., simeks.
build, v., edifiskr.
build a bridge, trana-pontar.
154
buillon -calcium
biiillon, n., buiion.
bulb, n., tuber.
bulbous, a., tuberos.
bulk, n., voiumin (volume).
bull, n., taur.
bullet, n., bui.
bulwark, n., bastion.
bunch, n., fask (bundle); tut
(tuft).
bundle, n., fask (bunch); garb
(of grain),
burbot, n., Iota.
burden, n., sharj.
burden, v., sharjar.
burdensome, a., molest;'^. '
bureau, n., komod (chest of .
drawers),
burlesque, a., burlesk.
burn, v., flagr/fr (intr.); kom- '
buster (trans.). !
bum down, v. tr., de kombust-
ar.
burnish, v., pollrtir.
burn up, v. tr., de-kombustar.
burst, V. intr., kmkar.
bury, v., sepultar.
bush, n., arbust.
bushel, n., biistil.
business, n., negosl.
business, a., negosh'^.
business, carry on, do, negoslczr.
business man, n., negosiaftt,
bust, n., bust.
busy one's self with something, •
okup^r se in kk.
but, ad., sol^. !
but, c, ma.
but, p., eksept//.
butcher, v., makta;'.
butcher, n., tnaUtator.
butchering, n., maktasio)!.
butt, n., but (mark.)
butter, n., butlr.
butter, make, v., butlrifiJtar,
butterfly, n., papilion.
button, n., buton*
button, v., butonar.
buy, v., akulrar.
by, p., per (by agency of);
proksim» (near); mcdtu {by
means of); ad (at, with).
by, ad., a (e. g. a du— by two§;
two by two).
by the way, ad. , pa&anie.
by way of, p., via.
c.»°circa, about, s.-^slrka*
cabal, n., kabal*
cabal, v., kabalar.
cabbage, n., braslk*
cabin, n., kabln of ship),
cabinet, n., kablnet (study;,
cabinet-maker, n., tabl^r.
cabinet-maker's ^op, n. , tabkr-
ofisln.
cable, n., kabl.
cacao, n., kakao*
cackle, v., galina-klankir.
cactus, n., kakt.
cadaver, n., kadavr.
cadence, n., kadens.
cadet, n., kadet.
cadmium, n., kadmlum*
caesium, n., seslum*
caf^, n., kaf^.
cake, n., kek.
calamity, n., kalamitet*
calash, n., kalesh.
calcine, v., kalslnar.
calculate— capon
155
calculate, v., kalkular.
calculation, n., kalkul.
caleche, n., kalesh.
calendar, n., kalendar,
calender, n., kalandr.
calender, v., kalandrar.
calf, n., pulp de gamb (of leg).
calibrate, v., kalibrar.
calibre, n., kalibr.
calico, n., kallkot*
California, n., Kallfom/a.
caliph, n., kalif,
call, n., \6kaston (cry).
call, v., yokar (cry); nomar
(name),
call attention to, dukar aten-
slon a.
called, be, v. , esar nomed,
calligraph, v., kali-grafar.
calli^rapher, n., kcdi-graf.
call m, v., in^kasar (cash in),
calling, n., of is (office),
callous, a. , kal^^.
call out to anyone, klamara kh.
call to mind, memorkr.
callus, n., kal.
calm, n., kalm.
calm, v., kalmar.
calomel, n., kalomel,
calumniate, v., kalumniar.
calumny, n., \i9\vLXSivXasi0n.
calyx, n., kalis.
camel, n., kamei.
camellia, n., kameii.
camelopard, n., giraf.
cameo, n., kain6.
camomile, n., kamomil,
campaign, n., kampanl.
camphor, n., kamfor.
can, n., pot*
can, v., see '•' able, be.'*
canal, n., kanal.
canary (bird) n., kanarit.
cancel, v., anular.
cancer, n., kansr (disease).
candelabrum, n., kandelabr.
candid, a., sinser.
candidacy, n., kandidat^^.
candidate, n., kandidat.
candidature, n., kandidat^t/.
candle, n., kandel.
candlestick, n., kandelao^.
candor, n., sinsen/^/.
candy, n., bonbon.
cane, n., baston (stick) ; kan
( reed),
cane, v., bastonar.
cannibal, n., kanlbal.
cannibalistic, a., kanlbai/^.
cannon, n., kanon.
cannonade, n., kanona^.
cannonade, v., kanonar.
canon, a., kanom'^.
canonical, a., VATLOVkik.
canopy, n.. baldakin.
canton, n., kanton.
canvas, n., kanvas.
cap, n., kask^/ (head-covering
of boys, men, women); baret
(biretta).
capability, n., knpabl//^/.
capable, a , kapabl.
capable, think one, estlmar kh
kapabl.
capacity, n., kapabh'/^/ (ability).
capacity of, in the, c. , In VvL^Xitet
de.
caper, n., kapar (berry) ; kapriol
(curvet),
capital, n., kapltal (finance),
capitol, n., kapltol.
capon, n., kapon.
156
capouch— catalepsy
capouch, n., kapiis.
caprice, n., kaprls.
capricious, a., kapris^^.
Capricorn, n., kaprikorn.
capriole, n., kapriol.
capsule, n.) kapsul.
captain, n., kapltan.
capture, v., kaptar.
capture, n., kapta^ (catch).
capture, make a, faslar Uaptad.
Capuchin, n., kapusln.
car, n., vagon (railroad).
caraffe, n., karaf.
carambole, n., karambol.
caramel, n., karamel.
carat, n., karat.
caravau, n.,karavan.
caraway, n., kumin.
carbine, n., karabin.
carbineer, n., karabin^r.
carbon, n., karbon.
carbuncle, n., karbunki (med.).
card, n., kaK.
cardinal, a., kardinal.
cardinal, n., kardinal (digni-
tary).
cardinal number, ntimerativ
kardinal.
care, n., kur.
care (for), v. , kur<2/'.
caress, n., kares.
caress, v., karesar.
car^o, n., sharj.
caricature, n., karikatur.
caricature, v., karikatur^;'.
Carinthia, n., K&rlntia.
carmine, n., karmln.
carnival, n., karneval.
carob, n., karob.
carom, n., karamhoXad.
carom, v., karamhoXar.
carouba, n., karob.
carp, n., karpion.
Carpathian Mountains, Karpatf.
carpenter, n., karpent^z/^r.
carpenter, v., karpentar.
carpet, n., tapet.
carriage, n., karos.
carrot, n., karot.
carrousel, n., karusel.
carry, v., pottar.
cart, n., kar^/.
cartilage, n., kartilag.
cartouche, n., karttish.
cartridge, n., kartusii.
carve, v., skulptar (sculpture),
cascade, n., kaskad.
case, n., kest (box); kasu
(event; also in grammar),
case, in every, ad., in omoi
kasu.
casein, n., kaseln.
casemate, n., kasemat.
cash, in, per kontant.
cash-box, n., kas.
cashier, n., Uaser.
casing, n., kuvr.
Caspian Sea, mar Kaspik,
cassock, n., talar.
cast, v., lansar.
cast, n., lansa^ (throw),
caste, n., kast.
castigate, v., kastigar.
castigation, n., luastigasion,
castle, n., kastel.
cast off, v., apo-pusar.
cast out, v., eks-movar.
castrate, v., kastrar.
cat, n., kat.
catacomb, n., katakomb.
catafalque, n., katafalk.
\
cataleptic— chain
157
ic, a., katalepsi/^ (kata-
ae, n., katalog.
sm, n., kataplasm.
t, n., katarakt (med.).
, n., katar.
>phe, n., katastrof.
/., Uaptar.
1., kapt^z^ (booty).
re, v., flagreskar.
sm, n., katekism.
ical, a., kategon')^.
y, n., kategorl.
-al, n., katedral.
c, a., katob'^.
cism, n., katoiikisfn.
us, n., Kaukas/a.
us Mountains, Kaukas.
m, n., kaldron.
>wer, n., flor-brasik.
n., kaus.
v., U&usar.
, a., U&ustik.
ze, v., kauterisar.
I, n., prekautasion.
I, v., prekautar.
ide, n., kavalka^.
r, n., kavaleri.
r, a., kavaleri(z/2.
mian, n., kavaleri /V
ilerist).
L, kavem.
, n., kavern.
ous, a., kavern/^.
?, n., kaviar.
v., sesar.
n., sedr.
ite, v., fester (festival).
ited, a., seiebr.
ition, n., iestasion.
ty, n., selebnV^/.
celery, n., selri.
celestial, a., sielik.
celibacy, n., selibat.
cell, n., selul.
cellar, n., kav.
cement, n., sement.
cement, v., sementar.
censer, n., insens^r.
censor, n., sensor. [rar.
censor, examine as, v., sensti-
censorship, n., sensur.
censure, v., htamar.
cent, n. , sentim [de dolar]
(U. S. coin),
centennial, a., sekul/^^ (sekular).
center, n., sentr.
center of, in the, p. , in sentr de*
centime, n., santim.
centiped, n., skolopendr.
centner, n., sent-IIvr.
centralization, n., sentralisa-
sion.
centralize, v., sentrallsar.
centurial, a., sektilf^ (sekular).
century, n., sekul.
cerebrum, n., serebr,
ceremony, n., seremoni.
cerium, n., seritim.
certain, a., sert (certain kind
of: also having certitude);
sekur (safe).
certain, make, v., asekurar.
certainly, ad., sert^.
certainly not, ad. , totals no.
certain thing, a, sert-kos.
certainty, n., settitet.
certificate, n., sertifikasion .
certify, v., sertifikar.
ceruse, n., sertis.
chafer, n., skarab.
chain, n., katen.
156
chain of mountains — cbest of drawers
chain of mountains, monto/.
chair, n., Stul.
thatriiian, H . preaeiaiii (presid-
chalice. n., kolls.
chalk, n„ kret.
challenge, v., provokar (pro-
voke).
chamber, n., kamr.
chamberlain, n.. tuunrcr.
chameleon, ti.. kameleon.
chamfer, n., kanel.
chamfer, v , kaneirt/-,
chamois, ii., kamosk.
chance, n,, lortult.
chancellor, n., kanseler.
chancery, n.. kanselfci.
chandelier, n., kandeiabr.
change, n., varlasioii,
cbanse, v., varlrtr(vHry); mutnc
(alter); kamb in r (money).
changeable, a., variai/.
chaiiHeableness, "., vaj^ablilii.
change horses, \ia%ar kavalt.
mutif-domigll.
channel, n.. kanal (canal);
kanel (chamfer).
channel, v.. kanelirr (chamfer] .
chant, n., kant.
chant, v.,kaat\e&'>.(& &n:7ncn,1COlllod.
chew— civet-cat
159
chew, v., mastik^;^.
chicory, n., sikor.
chief, n., shef.
chief, a., prinsipal.
chiefly, ad., prinsipal^?.
child, n.y fill (son or daughter);
Infant (infant).
childbirth, n., natasion.
childish, a., pueril.
childishness, n., puerlUlel.
Chili, n., GUI.
chimney, n., kamin,
chin, n., menton.
China, n., Clnesia.
chink, n., fisad,
chirp, v., giil-klamar.
chisel, n., slsel.
chisel, v., siselar.
chlorine, n.,klor.
chocolate, n., cokolad.
choir, n., kor.
choke, v., sufolkar,
cholera, n., kolera.
choleric, a., Uolerik.
choleric man, n., l^oleriker.
choose, v., selekt^zr (select);
preferar (prefer).
choral, n., koral.
chord, n., korda (mus. and
chorister, n., korist. [math.).
Christ, n., Krist.
Christian, a., kristlan.
^ Christian, n., kristian^ (masc.);
kristlana (fem.).
Christianity, n., laistlanism.
Christmas, n., natlvitet.
chromium, n., krom.
chronic, a., \aronik.
E chronicle, n., kronlk.
»* chronological, a., kronologh'^
(kronologik).
chronology , n . , kronologi .
chronometer, n., krono-nietr .
chrysalis, n., krisalid.
church, n., ekies.
church furniture, utensih* de
ekIes.
churn, v., hwWtifikar.
cicatrice, n., sikatris.
cicatrize, v., sikatris^;'.
cider, n., sldr.
cigar, n., sigar.
cigarette, n., slgar^/.
cincture, n., sintur.
cinder, n., skori.
cinnabar, n., sinabr.
cinnamon, n., sinamon.
cipher, n., shlfr.
cipher, write in, v., shifra;'.
circle, n., slrkl.
circuit, n., sirkuit.
circuitous, a., slrkult^5.
circular, n., sirkular (letter).
circular letter, sirkular.
circulate, v., propagar (propa-
gate); slrkla/- (be in circula-
tion).
circumference, n., periferl.
circumscribe, v., restrlktar.
circumstance, n., slrkumstans.
circus, n., sirk.
cistern, n., sistem.
citadel, n., sitadel.
cite, v., sitrtr (quote; also sum-
mon).
citizen, n , borges (of a city):
[person] apartena/// a kel^
kun Stat (of a country).
city, n., urb.
civet, n., sibet (in pharmacy);
sibet-kat (animal ) .
civet-cal, ti., s\feftl-VaX.»
160
civic. a.,sivll.
civil, a., sivil (civic).
civilization, n,,aivHlBasion.
civilize, v.. sivllUitr.
claim, v., pretendar (pretend
to).
clamp, n.. fcramp.
clarinet, n,, klarlnet.
clarionel, n., klarinet.
clash, n., konfilkt.
clasp. □., agraf.
class, n., kla«.
classic, a., kUaii.
classical, a., Maaik.
classicality, n,, klasiiile/,
clause, n., klausul (proviso).
claviature, □., klavto; (key-
board).
claw, n., grit.
clay, n., argil.
clayey, a., argllof.
clean, a., pur.
clean, v., nttifitar.
cleanliness, n., aetiUt.
cleanly, a., net.
cleanness, n.. pnriiH.
cleanse, v.. aetifikar.
clear, a., klar.
clear, v.. vakui^tar (make va-
clear. ad., neto(net).
clearness, n.. klar/'W.
cleave, v. tr.. tlsar.
cleft, n,, liBflrf.
clematis, n., fclematlt.
clemency, n., klementiVf^.
clement, a., klement.
clergy, n., kler.
clergyman, n., kieraw.
cleric, n.. kleran.
client, n., klletlt.
—cockatoo
'■ dieutele, n.,kll^]tf/.
I clients, n., klleotf/.
I climate, n., kllmat.
climb, v.. kllmbar.
cloak, n., maatcl,
cloak, v.. tmuttelar.
clock. □., hortnelr.
clod, n.. gleb.
close, a., Intlm (intimate).
close by, ad.. vUln^'.
closet, n., reposltorl (ci
board ) .
clot, n., grum.
clotb. n., drap.
clothe, v., veatar.
clotted, a., grumos.
cloud, n., nub.
cloud, V . kuvrar medlw tn
clover, n., iritoit,
clown, n., bufon.
lay tl '
kiut
clumsiness, t
clumsy, s
cluster, n.. grup.
clyster, n., kllater.
coach, n., liakr.
coachman, i
coagulate, v.. koagular.
coal, n., karboo.
coarse, a., kras.
coarselieiis, ii. kras/Vf/
coast, n., mar-bord,
coat, n , frak (dress-coat): stu
tut (overcoatl.
coat of arms, arm-emblem.
cobalt, II., kobalt.
cochineal, n koahlnll.
clown, play the, bulonar.
club, n.. klub (society).
— ■■ neapttlei.
cocoa — commission
161
cocoa, n. , kakao (cacao),
cocoon, n., kokon*
C. O. D., rimbors.
code, n., kod.
codicil, n. , kodlsil.
coefficient, n., koefisient.
coffee, n., kaf.
coffee-house, n., kaieri.
coffin, n., sark.
coffin, v., In-s&rkar,
cognac, n., koniak.
cognate, a., parent.
cog-wheel, n., rot dented.
coheir, n., ko-hered.
coil, V. tr., torsar.
coin, n., monet (money); koin
(wedge).
coin, v., monetar,
coke, n., koks.
cold, n., Mgor (lack of heat);
nas-katar (in the head);
frigo^/ (becoming chilled),
cold, a., frigid,
cold, be, v., Mgar,
cold, become, v., Mgideskar.
cold, catch, v., Mgadar se,
colic, n., kollk.
collar, n., Uolad.
colleague, n., koleg.
collect, v., kolektar (gather);
in-knsar (cash in),
collect charges, limborsar.
collection, n., kolekto^/.
college, n., gimnas; llseum.
collision, n., kollsion.
collision, come into, kolisionar.
colon, n., dupl-punkt.
colonel, n., kolonel.
colonial, a., kolonh'^ (kolonial).
colonist, n., koloni/5/(kolonist).
colonize, v., koloniar.
n
colony, n., koloni.
color, n., kolor.
color, v., kolorar.
colossal, a., kolosi^ (kolosal).
colossus, n., kolos.
colt, n., yun-kaval.
column, n., kolumn (typogra-
phy and architecture).
comb, n., pekt.
comb, v., p6ktar.
combat, n., kombat.
combat, v., kombatar.
combine, v., kombinar.
come, v., \enlar.
comedian, n., komedia?/.
comedic, a., iiomedlan.
comedy, n., komedl.
come from, v., proveniar.
comet, n., komet. [ience).
comfort, n., komfort (conven-
comfort, v., konsol^r.
comfortable, a. , komf ort^5.
comic, comical, a., Uomik.
comma, n., koma.
command, n., komand.
command, v., komandtzr (or-
der); Imperar (have command
over).
commander, n., Imperator.
commandment, n., komand.
commence, v., komensar.
commencement, n., komens.
commend, v., laudar (praise);
rekomendar (recommend).
commendation, n., laud (praise).
comment, v., komentar.
commerce, n., komers.
commiserate, v., mlser^r.
commissary, n., komisar.
commission, n., komision (er-
rand).
164
congratulate — continent
congratulate, v., fellsltar.
congratulation, n., fellsltasion.
congress, n., kongres.
congruence, n., kongnient//^/
(kongruens).
congruent, a., kongruent.
conic, conical, a., konz>.
conifer, n., konlfer.
conjecture, n., konyektur.
conjecture, v., konyekturar.
conjointly, ad., yunkt^.
conjugate, v., Uonyugar.
conjugation, n., lnonyugaston.
conjunction, n., konyunksion.
conjuncture, n., konyunktur.
conjure, v. , pregar ur%ante,
connect, v., konekSd;r.
connected, be, v., avarkoneks.
connection, n., koneks.
conquer, v., konkuistar.
conqueror, n., konkuista/t^r.
conquest, n., konkulst.
conscience, n., konsient.
conscientious, a., konsient^5.
consecrate, v., konsakrar.
consent, n., konsent.
consent, v., konsentar.
consequence, n., konsekuentf-
tei (konsekuens).
consequence of, in, p., sekti-
antu.
consequent, a., konsekuent.
consequently, ad., ergo.
conserve, v., konservar.
consider, v., konsidar (pay at-
tention to); konsiderar (re-
flect upon; also deem).
consideration, n., konsidera-
sion.
consideration of, in, p., kon-
sideranlu.
consist in, v., konslstar in. j
consist of, V. , konslstar eks.
consistorial, a., konsistoiim
(konsistorial).
consistory, n., konsistoii.
console, v., konsolar.
consonance, n., homotxm (kon-
sonans).
consonant, n., konsonant.
consort, n., konsort.
conspiracy, n., konspinz^ii^.
conspire, v., konsplrar.
constant, a., konstant.
constellation, n., konstelaslon.
constitution, n., konstitiislon.
construct, v., konstrtiar.
consul, n., konsul.
consulate, n., konsulat.
consult, v., konsultar.
consultation, n., l/ionBU\tasion,
consume, v., konsumar.
consummate, v., per-faslar.
consumption, n., konsum (use);
ftisi (phthisis),
consumptive, a. , ftXaiik (ftisik).
contact, n., kontakt.
contain, v., kontenar.
contemn, v., kontemtar.
contemplate, v., Intuar.
contemplation, n., Intvuision
(intuision).
contemplative, a., Xntuativ (in-
tuitiv).
contempt, n., konteiiit.
contented, a., kontent*
contentment, n., kontenti/^.
contents, n., konteno^/.
contest, n., laontbstasion,
contest, v., kontestar.
contestable, a., kontesto^/.
continental — cornucopia
165
continental, a., kontinent/i^
(kontinental).
contingent, n.;kontingent.
continual, a., konstant.
continuation, n., liontlnuasion,
continue, v., kontlnuar.
continuous, a., kontinm'^.
continuously, ad., kontlnti^.
contour, n., kontur.
contract, n., kontrakt.
contract, v. , kontrakt^ir (agree).
contradict, v., dementlar (be-
lie).
contradiction, n., dementi (be-
lying).
contralto, n., kontralt (voice);
kontnilt/5/ (singer).
contrariwise, ad., kontrar^.
contrary, a., kontrar.
contrary, on the, ad., kontrar^.
contrast, n., kontrast.
contrast, v., kontrast^r.
contribute, v., kontrlbuar.
contribution, n., kontribua^.
contrite, a., kontrit.
contrition, n., kontritef.
control, n., kontrol (supervi-
sion ) .
control, v., kontrolar (super-
vise).
controversy, n., kontrovers.
controvert, v., kontroversar.
contusion, n., konttision.
convalesce, v., SMieskar.
convalescence, n., s&neskasion.
convallaria, n., konvalari.
convene, v., konventar (meet).
convenience, n., Komoditel.
convenient, a., komod.
convention, n., kon vent (assem-
bly); konvension (agreement).
converge, v., konverg^r.
conversation, n., UonyGrsasion.
converse, v., konversar. *
conversion, n., Uonyertasion
(konversion).
convert, n., konvert.
convert, v., konvert^r.
converter, n., Konyertator.
convex, a., konveks.
convexity, n., konvekszV^/.
convey, v. , portar (carry);
trans-donar (give over);
transporter (transport).
convince, v., konvinslar.
convulsion, n., konviilsion.
cook, v., kukar.
cookable, a., kuka^/.
cool, v., refreskar.
cooper, n., kuf^r.
coordinate, v., koordinar.
copper, n., kupr.
copse, n., bosket.
copula, n., kopul.
copy, n., kopi (reproduction);
eksemplar (sample).
copy, v., kopiar.
copyist, n., koplisl.
coquet, v., koketar.
coquettish, a., koket;^.
coral, n., korali.
cord, n., kordon^/.
cordial, n., kordial.
cordiality, n., kordiahV^/.
cork, n., kork (substance); tam-
pon (stopper).
cork, v., tamponar.
corn, n., mais (Indian); fru-
ment (wheat).
corner, n., angul.
cornice, n., kornls.
1 comucopVat, ti., i^«J^Vc-V^««^o^*
166
corporal — coverlet
corporal, n., kaporal (military).
corporation, n., korporaslon.
corpse, n., kadavr.
corpulence, n., korpulent//^/
(korpulens).
corpulent, a., korpulent.
correct, a., korekt.
correct, v., korigar.
correction, n., lnorigasion (ko-
reksion).
correctness, n., k.orekttteL
correlative, a., korelativ.
correlative pronoun, pronom
korelativ.
correspond, v., korespondar
(write; also be fitting),
correspondence, n . , k o r e -
spondad (korespondens).
corridor, n., koridor.
corrigible, a., koriga^/.
corroborate, v., korobora^.
corrupt, v., korumpar.
corrupter, n., l^orumpator,
corruptibility, n. , korumpa-
dlitel.
corruptible, a., korumpa^/.
corruption, n., Icorumpasion
(korupsion).
corset, n., korset.
Corsica, n., Korslka.
coryphaeus, corypheus, n.,
korif6.
cosmographer, n., kosmograf.
cosmography, n., kosmograf i.
cosmographic, a, , kosmograf i/^
(kosmo^rafik).
cosmopolitan, n., kosmopolit.
cosmopolitanism, n., kosmopo-
Cossack, n., kosak. [lltism.
cost, n., ko8t.
cost, v., kostar.
costliness, n., prestos//^/.
costly, a., presios.
costume, n., kostum.
costume, v., kostumar.
cotton, n., koton.
cough, n., tus.
cough, v., tusar.
council, n., konsil.
councilor, n., konsili^r.
counsel, n., konslll (advice)
counsel, v., UonslUar.
count, n ., komt (title); li
(reckoning),
count, v., kontar.
countenance, n., fas.
counterfeit, v., Imltar.
countermand, v., de-komi
counting-room, n., kontor.
country, n., land (land); pa
(native country); kampes
(not city),
country, a., kampestr.
couple, n., par.
coupon, n., ktipon.
courage, n., ktiraj.
courier, n., kurser.
course, n.,kurs (career); pn
(line of conduct),
course, v., kursar.
court, n., kuK.
court, v., kuKisar.
courtier, n., Kurtlsan, ki
Sana.
cousin, n., ktisln; kus
(masc); kuslna (fern.),
cover, n., ifiuyralor{lid); kti
(envelope),
cover, v., kuvrar.
covering, n., ku vr (integum
kuvrafe.
daily — declare
169
3
f
daily, ad., omni-diuiw.
dainty, be, v., Mandar.
dainty person, n.,f Hand (sweet-
dais, n., estrad. [toothed).
daisy, n., margarit.
dale, n., val.
Dalmatia, n., Dalmatia.
dam, n., dam (dike),
damage, n., damn.
damage, v., dumnifikar.
damn, v., kondamnar.
damp, a., humid.
dampen, v., humldifikar.
dampness, n., humld//^/.
dam up, v., konstrtiar dam.
dance, n., dans.
dance, v., dansar.
danger, n., perikl.
dangerous, a., perlklos.
Dardanelles, n., Dardaneh*.
daring, n., hstrditet.
daring, a., hard.
dark, a., obskur.
dark-blue, a., obskur-blu.
dark-brown, a., obskur-brun.
darkness, n., obskun'/^/.
dash, n., llni^/ de separaston.
dash to pieces, v., frakasar.
date, n., dat (time); dati (fruit),
dative, n., dati v.
daughter, n., fiila.
day, n., diurn.
day, by, ad., dium^.
day after to-morrow, ad., plu-
po-5^'dium^.
day before yesterday, ad., plu-
pre-sidlume,
daytime, in the, ad., dlum^.
deacon, n., diakon.
dead, a., mortf^ (lifeless); surd
(of sound).
deaf, a., surd.
deafness, n., surditet.
deal, v., komunikar (hold in-
tercourse).
dealing, n., \iOmvaA\iasion (in-
tercourse).
dean, n., dekan.
dear, a., kar.
dear, make, v., karifikar.
death, n., mort.
debase, v., hasifikar.
debate, n., debat.
debate, v., debater.
debauch, n., krapul.
debauch, indulge in, v., krapu-
lar.
debit, v., dehetar.
debit side, n., debet.
debt, n., debt.
decant, v., de-yersar.
decanter, n., karaf.
decapitate, v., de-kapar (de-
kapitar).
decapitation, n., dekapltasion.
decay, n.,putres^asion (rotting).
decay, v., putr^5^ar (rot).
deceit, n., fraud.
deceive, v., ilusionar (delude);
iraudar (cheat).
December, n., desembr.
decent, a., desent.
decide, v., resolvar (resolve);
desidtzr (determine, settle).
decision, n., resolusion (resolu-
tion); yudikd;^ (judgment);
desidaston ( ( d e s i s i o n ) de-
termination).
decisive, a., definitiv.
deck, n., dek.
declaim, v., deklamar.
declare, v . , ^eW&xar .
168
cry — dagger
cry, v., yokar (call); lakrlmar
(weep); vagLir (whine).
cry out, v., eks-klamar.
cry out to anyone, klamar a
kh.
crystal, n., kristal.
cube, n., kub.
cube root, n. , kudtkr&diik.
cubic, a., Uubik.
cubic meter, n., kudikmetr.
cuckoo, n., kukul.
cucumber, n., kukum.
cud, chew, ruminar.
cud, chewing the, rutninasion.
cudgel, v., bastonar.
cuff, n., manshei (ruffle).
cuirass, n., kiras.
culminate, v., kuiminar.
culpable, ^. , isulpos.
cultivate, v., arar(till the soil);
kuitivar (educate),
culture, n., kultur.
culture, v., erudi^r (teach),
cultured, a., erudled,
cumin, n., kuitiln.
cunning, n., astusi.
cunning, a., astusi^^.
cup, n., tas (teacup); bokal
(goblfct); kalis (communion
cupboard, n., repositori. [cup),
cupidity, n., Kupidiiei,
cupola, n., kupol.
curable, a., remedladl.
curb, n., fren (check),
curb, v., frenar.
curd, n., kuak.
curdle, v., koagular.
cure, n,, kur (as water-cure).
cure, v., remedlar.
curiosity, n., kurlositet (inqu\s\-
tiveness).
curious, a., kurios (inqi
curl, n., buki (lock of hi
curl, V. tr., kiispar.
curly, a., krisp/^.
current, n., kurs.
curse, n., maXedWiasiof,
diksion).
curse, v., maledikar.
curtain, n., kortin.
curve, n., kurv.
curve, V. tr., kurvar.
curved, a., Isurwik.
curvet, n., kapriol.
cushion, n., pulvin.
custom, n., kustom (ha1
customer, n., klient.
customers, n., klient^/.
custom-house, n., duan^
custom-house officer, du
customs, n., dtian (revet
cut, n., tall (shape),
cut, v., kupar (incise); si
(sculpture),
cut down, v., abatar (fe
falslar (mow off),
cut ice, frangar glas.
cutler, n., kultel^r.
cutlet, n., kotlet.
cut off, v., de-kupar.
cut up, v., diskupar.
cylinder, n., slllndr.
cymbal, n., simbal.
cypress, n., sipres.
czar, n., tsar.
Czech, n., cekh.
D
dactyl, n., daktil.
dad^lvc, a., daktlh'yfe.
daily — declare
169
ad., omni-diurh^.
7, be, v., frlandar.
7 person, n.,frland(sweet-
1., estrad. [toothed).
n., margarit.
n., val.
atia, n., Dalmat/a.
n., dam (dike).
^e, n., damn.
^e, v., damn^^^^r.
, v., kondamn^r.
, a., humid.
en, v., humldifikar.
ness, n., humlditel.
ip, v., konstruar dam.
:, n., dans.
;, v., dansar.
ir, n., perikl.
irons, a., perlklos.
inelles, n., Dardaneh*.
T, n., hardiiet.
^, a., hard.
a., obskur.
blue, a., obskur-blu.
brown, a., obskur-brun.
less, n., obskun/^/.
n., Unlet de sepstrasion.
to pieces, v., frakasar.
n., dat (time); dati (fruit),
i, n., dativ.
iter, n., fllia.
1., diurn.
Dy, ad., dilim^.
fter to-morrow, ad., plli-
sidlurne.
efore yesterday, ad., plu-
-sidiume.
ne, in the, ad., ditim^.
n, n., diakon.
a., mortzi^ (lifeless); surd
sound).
deaf, a., surd.
deafness, n., svkvditet.
deal, v., komunikar (hold in-
tercourse).
dealing, n., komunika^i^;; (in-
tercourse).
dean, n., dekan.
dear, a., kar.
dear, make, v., \iSLTiftkar,
death, n., mort.
debase, v., hasifikar,
debate, n., debat.
debate, v., debater.
debauch, n., krapul.
debauch, indulge in, v., krapu-
\ar.
debit, v., deb&tar.
debit side, n., debet.
debt, n., debt.
decant, v., de-versar.
decanter, n., karat.
decapitate, v., de-kapar (de-
kapitdir).
decapitation, n., d&)^apitasion,
decay, n. , pvLtreskasio7i (rotting).
decay, v. , putr^^^^r (rot).
deceit, n., fraud.
deceive, v., iluslonar (delude);
iravkdar (cheat).
December, n., desembr.
decent, a., desent.
decide, v., resolv^r (resolve);
desidtzr (determine, settle).
decision, n., resolusion (resolu-
tion); yudik^^ (judgment);
desXdasion ((desision) de-
termination).
decisive, a., definitiv.
deck, n., dek.
declaim, v., deklamar.
declare , v . , ^eW&xar .
170
declension — denial
declension, n., deklliiiMHTW.
decline, v., dekll our (grammar);
refnsor (refuse),
declivity, n., dekllv.
decoct, v., de-kukar.
decorate, v., dekomr.
decoration, n., dekor.
decrease, v. . oilnuaiimake less);
mlnuesiar (lieconie less),
decree, u.. dekret.
decree, v., dekretur.
dedicate, v.. dedlkar,
deduct, v., fto-konttr-.
deed, n akt.
deem, v. konsldernr
deep, a., profund.
deepen, v.. protuadi/itir.
deface v de-tormii'-
de facto, i.. elektlv
default of, in, p., mank».
defeat, v., trustrii/- (frustrate);
vlktoriar (vaiiquish).
defect, n., detekt.
defective, a., defekt^^t.
defend, v. detendar
defender, :i., -deleu diTto/:
defending, di^fense, n., defendu-
defer, v., ad III mar (postpone).
deficiency, n., dellsit.
deficit, n., deflslt.
define, v., deflnlirr
definite, a., deflnltiv (deSni-
definite article, arlikl deflnlt.
definitive, a., deflnltiv.
deform, v iie-iormiir
deformed, a. de-form/f,
defraud, v., defraudar.
defrauding, n., delraudnstoii.
defunct, a., mortt^.
degenerate, v.. desMwrar.
degrade, v., degradur.
degree, n„ grad,
decree, to such a, ad., XmaU.
deify, v., dai/ikar.
deign, v., dlgnar.
deject, v., depiimar.
delay, n,, mor.
delay, v. intr., mOTar.
delegate, v., delegar.
delicacy, n., delikatos.
delicate, a., delHuit.
delight, n., dellsl.
delight. V. tr., delekbir.
delightful, a., dellsiij.
delineate, v., dellnlar.
delirious, be, v., dellror.
delirium, n., deUr.
deliver, v., dellvrar (furniali);
trans-donur (convey) : Ubh-
fitar (tree).
delivery, n., aattuton (child-
birth).
delude, v., Ilusloonr.
deluge, u., inundojiirn.
deluge, v., Imitidar.
demagogue, n., demagog.
demand, a., demand.
demand, v., demandar.
demean (one's self), v., k<»
AuVXar se.
demeanor, n., kondulct.
democrat, n.. demokrat.
democratic, a,, demokrat/.^.
demolish, v., demolvir,
demon, n. demon.
demon straie, v.. demonstrar.
demonstrative pronoun, p r*
lAQtn demonatratlv.
Denmark— diagnose
171
Denmark, n., Dania,
denomination, religious, kon-
fesion.
denominator, n., denominator.
denote, v., signar.
denounce, v., denunsiar.
dense, a., dens.
density, n., densUeL
dental, n., konsonant dental.
dentist, n., dent/5/.
denude, v., nudtfikar.
deny, v., negar.
depart, v., partar.
department, n., departement.
departure, n., partad.
depend, v., dependar.
depict, v., plUtar.
deplore, v., deplorar.
depopulate, v., de-poplar.
deport (one's self), v., konduk-
tar se.
deportment, n., kondukt.
depose, v., atestar (attest),
depository, n., dep6.
depot, n., dep6 (depository),
depress, v., deprlmar.
deprive, v., prly ar.
depute, v., deput^zr.
deputy, n., deputed.
deride, v., de-rid^r.
derivative, n., parol derived.
derive, v., derlvar.
dervish, n., dervish.
descend, v., desendar.
describe, v., deskribar.
descry, v., persept^r.
desert, a., desert.
desert, v., deserter.
deserve, v., meritar.
design, v., deslnar (intend) ;
delinkr (draw).
designate, v., signer (denote),
desire, n., desir.
desire, v., deslrar.
desist, v., sesar.
despair, v., desper^r.
despise, v., kontemtar.
despite, p. , obstlnz^.
despot, n., despot.
despotic, a., despot/>&.
dessert, n., deser.
destination, n., destlnasion.
destine, v., destinar.
destiny, n., fat (fate),
destitute of, be, v., es^r prlved
de.
destroy, v., destrukt^r.
detail, n., detail.
detail, a., detalb'^.
detail, v., detaliar.
detailed, a., detailed.
determine, V. , resolvar (resolve);
determiner (fix),
detest, v., abominer.
detriment^ n., damn.
device, n., devis (motto),
devil, n., diabol.
devote, v., dedlWar.
devoted, a., devot.
devotion, u., devosion.
devour, v., devor^r.
devout, a., pieten.
eccentric character, original.
echo, n., eko.
eclipse, n., ekiips.
eclipse, v., eklipsar.
ecliptic, n., ekiiptik.
economic(al), a.,ekononiiii
((ekonomik) relating to econo-
my or economics); parsimo-
nios (saving).
economist, n., ekonomiij/
(ekonoitnist).
economize, v., parsimonlor.
economy, n., parsimonl (frugal-
ity); ekonoml (management
of affairs).
ecstasy, n., elcstas.
eddy, n., vort.
eddy, v., vort^r.
edge, n., bord.
edp^e, v., bordar.
edible, a., edabl.
^dict, n., edikt.
edit— emblem
177
edit, v., redaktar.
editing, n., redaiktaston (redak-
sion).
editor, n., redakta/^r (redak-
tor).
educate, v., edukar.
eel, n., anguil.
eel-pout, n., lota.
effect,, n., efekt (power); efek-
tuad (thing effected),
effect, v., efektuar (accomplish);
prcikurar (procure),
effective, a., efektiv (de facto;
no^ the usual sense q/'eff ecti ve).
effort, n., efors.
e. g.=for instance, p. e.=pro
eksempi.
^Z%, n., ov.
^ZZ^ of ^z'g, a. , owik.
egotism, n., egoism.
egotist, n., egoist.
egress, n., ekstraaf.
Egypt, n., Egipt/a.
eight, nr., okt.
eighth, a., oktav or okt/w.
eighty, nr., okt-des.
either — or, c, u-u.
eject, v., eks mov^r.
elaborate, v., eks-laborar.
elastic, a., elast/^.
elasticity, n., elastikilet (elas-
tisitet).
elbow, n., uln.
elect, v., selektar.
electric, a., elektr/^.
electricity, n., elektrik ttel
(elektrisitet).
electrify, v., elektrlsir.
electrize, v., elektrisar.
electrochemistry, n., elektro-
klml.
electrodynamics, n., elektrodX-
namlk.
electromagnet, n., elektrovamg-
net.
electrometer, n., elektro-metr.
electronegative, a. , elektrone-
gativ.
electropositive, a., eleklroposl-
tlv.
electrostatics, n., ^/^>t/r^statik.
electrotechnician, n., elektro-
teknikf^/.
electrotechnics, n., elektrotek-
nik.
elegance, n., elegant/V^/ (ele-
gans).
elegant, a., elegant,
elegiac, a., elegi/^ (elegik).
elegy, n., elegi.
element, n., element.
elephant, n., elefant.
elevate, v., eXewar.
eleven, nr., des-un.
elite, n., ellt.
ell, n., uln.
ellipse, n., elips.
elliptic, a., ellps//^ (eliptik).
elm, n., ulm.
eloquence, n., e\€lkuentiiet.
eloquent, a., elokuent.
else, ad., otr^.
elsewhere, ad. , o t r-l o k ^ (in
another place) ; a otr lok^*
(to another place),
emancipate, v. . emansip^r.
emasculate, v., kastrar.
embalm, v., balsam^r.
embassy, n., ambasad.
embellish, v., heXiftkar.
embitter, v., afllk/^r.
emblem , n . , ^toWV^tiv ,
178
embossed — ennoble
embossed, a., relief ik.
embrace, v., In-hrasar (physic-
ally); kompIek8ar(com-
prise).
embroider, v., hrodar.
embryo, n., embrion.
embryonic, a., embrion/^.
emerald, n., smaragd.
emery, n., esmeril.
emigrant, n., emigrant.
emigrate, v., emlgrar.
emigration, n., emlgrasion.
eminent, a., eminent.
emollient, a., molifikaftt.
emperor, n., Imperator.
empire, n., impenVz.
empiric, a., empin'^.
employ, v., usar ^.use); okupar
(occupy),
employment, n., usasion (use);
o\iupasion (occupation),
empower, v., aiitoris^r.
emptiness, n., \9lk.VLitet.
empty, a., vaku.
empty, v., eks-versar (pour
out); eks-vakuar (deprive of
contents),
emulate, v., etnular.
emulation, n., etnuXasion.
enact, v., status;'.
enamel, n., esmalt.
encase, v., kuvrar.
enchant, v., sharmar.
encircle, v., sirka-don^r.
enclose, v., in-klosar.
encompass, v. , 8 1 r k a-d onar
(surround),
encounter, v. , okurar (meet),
encourage, v., In-kurajar,
end, n., flnl (termination, con-
clusion); but (aim).
end, v., flnlar.
endeavor, n., efors.
endeavor, v., eforsar.
ending, n., Unlad {graxa.).
endive, n., endiv.
endorse, v., glrar.
endow, v., dotar.
end to, put an, faslar flnlar.
endure, v., suf far (suffer);
durar (last).
enema, n., klister.
enemy, n., neamll^,
energetic, a. , energi/^ (e n e r-
gik).
energy, n.,energi«
enforce, v., foTsar.
engage, v. . f lansar (betroth).
engagement, n., fl&nsasion
(betrothal).
engender, v., generdr.
engineer, n., injenier (one
skilled in the principles and
practice of engineering).
engineers, military, injenieff
militant.
England, n., Anglia,
English, a.,anglia» (pertaining
to England); angU'>l (pertain-
ing to the English language).
Englishman, n., angU'a^.
English-speaking, a., angli^.
engrave, v., gravar.
engrave on wood, ksUo-grafar,
enigma, n., enlgmat.
enigmatic, a., enlgmat^*^.
enjoin, v., imperar.
enjoy, v., delisiar.
enjoyment, n., deilsi.
enlist, v., rekrutar (recruit).
enliven, v., animar.
ennui — equipage
179
ennui, n., enui.
enormous, a., enorm.
enough, ad., stiffs^.
en passant, ad., pasante (in
chess),
enrapture, v., ravlar,
enrich, v., rlki/i^ar.
enroll, v., registrar.
ensign, n., standart (standard),
ensnare, v., atrapar.
ensue, v., sekuar.
entangle, v., kompllkar.
enter, v., Intrar (come in); in-
skrlbar (inscribe),
enterprise, n., entrepren.
entertain, v., regalar (regale);
albergar (as inn-keeper);
amtisar (amuse ).
enthusiasm, n., enttisiasm.
enthusiastic, make, entusi-
asmar.
entice, v., aHeUtar.
enticement, n., alektaston.
entire, a., integr.
entirety, n., IntegriU^.
entitle, v., titular (style); au-
torisar (give right to).
entomologic(al) a., entomolo-
gi/^ (entomologik).
entomologist, n., entomologi/^/
(entomologist),
entomology, n., entomologi.
entrance, n., intraflf (place); in-
trasion (act^
entrap, v., atrapar.
entreat, v., suplikar.
entreaty, n., supllk.
entrust, v., konfidar.
entry, n., Intrasion (act).
envelop, v,, kuvertar.
envelope, n., Icuvert.
envious, a., envlos.
environ, v., sirka-donar.
environs, n., sirkl^^.
envy, n., envi.
envy, v., enviar.
ephemeral, a., efemer.
epic, n., epop<6.
epidemic, n., epidemi.
epidemic, a., epidemi//^ (epi-
demik).
epigram, n., epigram.
epigraph, n., epigraf.
epilepsy, n., epilepsi.
epileptic, a., epilepsi//^ (epi- '
leptik).
epilogue, n., epilog.
episcopal, a., episkopz>.
episcopate, n., episkopa^
(office); episkop^/ (body),
epistle, n., letr.
epitaph, u., epitaf.
epoch, n., epok.
equal, a., egual.
equal, v., ekuivalar.
equality, n., egu&litet.
equalize, v., egualijikar (egua-
lisar).
equally, ad., egual^.
equal-sided, a. , ek uiflanki^
(ekuilateral).
equal to, be, v. , ekuivalar.
equator, n., ekiiator.
equilateral, a., ekuiilanki/:
(ekuilateral).
equilibrist, n., ek u 1 1 i b r i 7.9/
(ekuilibrist).
equilibristic, a., ekuilibri/5///[r
(ekuilibristik).
equilibrium, n., ekuilibri.
equip, v., ekipar.
180
equipoise — every time that
equipoise, n., balans.
-er (the comparative ending),
plu, e. g. plu alt, higher.
era, n., era.
eradicate, v., de-radlkar.
erbium, n., erbium.
erect, v., erektar.
ermine, n., hermelln.
err, v., erar.
errand, n., komlsion.
error, n., eror.
eructate, v., ervktar,
eructation, n., erviktasion.
erudite, a., erudi^^.
erudite person, ertidi^^.
escape, v., evlt^zr (avoid) ; eks-
glisar (slip out).
escort, n., eskort.
escort, v., eskort^r.
escutcheon, n., arm-embleni.
esparcet, n., esparset.
especial, a., speslal.
especially, ad., speslald'.
Esquimau, n., esUlmo.
essay, n., skrlbrt^.
essence, n., esens.
-est (the superlative ending),
leplu, e. g. leplu alt, highest.
establish, v., konstatar (ascer-
tain); Instltuar (institute).
estate, n.,poseSd[^ (possessions).
esteem, n., estlm.
esteem, v., estlmar ( h o n o r ;
also deem ) .
estrade, n., estrad.
etc.=and so forth, e s.=e setri.
eternal, a., etern.
eternalize, v., eterni/ikar.
eternity, n., eternitel.
eternize, w, eternijikar.
ther, n., eter.
ethical, a., etiko/.
ethics, n., etlk.
Ethiopia, n., BUopiu.
etiquette, n., etiket.
etymological, a., etimolosl^
(etimologik).
etymologist, n., etlmotogits/
(etimolog^ist).
etymology, n., etlmolosi.
eucharist, n., eukarlst.
eucharistic, a., etikarist^.
eunuch, n., eitnuk.
Europe, n., Eitrop.
European, a., curopan.
evangelic(al), a., eynngeAik.
evangelist, n., evangel^/.
even, a., parik (not odd),
even, v., planifikar.
even, ad., ipse.
even if, c, if et.
evening, n., vespr.
evening, in the, ad., yespre.
even number, nitnir pmtik,
event, n., Icasu.
events, at all, ad., in omni Icastt.
eventual, a., eventual.
eventuality, n., cveatutdiUt,
eventually, ad., eventual^.
ever, ad., 8empr^(alway8);kelk-
un/oa (at any time),
ever-blooming, a. , 8 e m p f ^-
fUiranL
everlasting, a., sempri^.
every, a,, omni.
everybody, pr., omni-lioni.
every day, ad., omnl-dluni^.
every month, ad., omnl-meiw^.
everyone, pr., omnl-hom.
everything, pr., omni-kO0.
^Ner^ tlme^ ad., omni/ba.
every week^-experience
181
every week, ad., omni-seman^.
everywhere, ad., omni-lok^.
everywhere that, c, omni-Iok^
ke.
every year, ad., omnl-anu^.
evil, a., mat.
evil, the, it mat.
evolution, n.. evolusion.
ewer, n., kruk.
exactly, ad., yust^.
exaggerate, v., eksagerar.
exaggeration, n., eksager^i^//.
examination, n., eksamin.
examine, v., eksaminar.
example, n., eksempl.
excavate, v., kavemar.
excavation, n., fo8.
exceed, v., surpasar.
excellence, n., ekselentzV^/.
excellency, n., ekselens (title).
excellent, a., ekselent.
except, v., ekseptar,
except, excepting, p., eksept^.
exception, n., eksept.
exception of, with the, p. , ek-
sept^.
excess, n., ekses.
excessive, a., eksesik.
exchange, n., kambi (term of
commerce); toLmhlaston (bar-
ter); burs (place).
exchange, v., kambiar (money;
a/so to barter).
exchange, course or rate of,
kambl-kurs.
excite, v., eksltar.
exclaim, v., eks-klamar.
exclamation mark, n., sign de
eks-^l&maston .
exclude, v., eks-klosar.
exclusive, a., eksklusiy.
exclusively, ad., ekskluslv^.
excrement, n., ekskrement.
excuse, v., ekskusar.
excuse me ! , i., pardon !
execute, v., eksekutar (accom-
plish).
executioner, n., eksektit^z/t;;'
yustIs/>&.
exempt, v., dispenser (dis-
pense).
exercise, n., eksersa^.
exercise, v., eksers^r.
exertion, n., efors (effort).
exert one's self, v., penar.
exhalation, n., halit.
exhale, v., halit^r.
exhibit, v., eks-posar (expose).
exhibition , n . , eks-p os a si o n
( (eksposision ) exposition).
exhume, v , eks-humfl!r.
exile, n., eksll (state).
exile, v., eksilar.
exist, v., ekslst^/'.
existence, n., eksistens.
exit, n., ekstffl'^.
exorcise, v., eksorsismar.
exorcism, n., eksorsism.
exotic, a., eksot/Xr.
expand, v. tr., ekspand^r.
expect, v., ekspekt^zr.
expectation, n., ekspekt^^/o//.
expectorate, v., sput^r.
expedient, n., ekspedlent.
expel, v., eks-mov«r.
expend, v., spendar.
expenditure, n., spend.
experience, n., eksperla^ (ek-
speriens ) .
experience, v., eksperl.
far, a., distant.
farewell ! , i., a Deo/
farm, n., farm.
farmer, n., farmer.
far-sighted, a., presblop.
farther, a., ulterior.
fascinate, v., sharmar.
fascine, n., fashin.
fashion, n., mod (style).
fashion, v., former.
fashionable, a., modz^.
fast, n., karem.
fast, a., rapid.
fast, v., karemar.
fast, be, v., and^r tro velos^
(timepiece),
fasten, v., fiksar.fix); glutin^r
(glue).
fat, n., gres.
fatal, a., fatal.
fate, n., fat.
father, n., patr.
father-in-law, n., bel-patr.
fatherland, n., patr/a.
fathom, V , sondar.
fatigue, n., fatig.
fatigue, v., fatig^r.
fatigued, a., fatig^^.
fault, n., kulp (offence); defekt
(blemish).
fault with, find, v., kulpar.
favor, n., favor.
favor, v., favorer (fa vorisrtr).
favor of, in, p., favor/^.
fawn-colored, a., falb.
fear, n., tlm^r.
fear, v., timar.
fearful, a., tim/^ (timid).
feasible, a., fasladl.
feast, n., fest (festival); festin
(banquet, entertainment*.
feathtr, n , plum.
February, n., februar.
federation, n., federasion.
feeble, a./febl.
feebleness, n., fehlilel.
feed, v., allment^r.
feel, v.,palpar(palpate); sensu-
ar (physically); senti^r (per-
ceive).
feeler, n., palp.
feeling, n., sentiment (s e n t i -
ment).
feeling, a., sentiment(?5.
feign, v., flngar.
feint, n., flnt.
felicitate, v., fellslt^zr.
felicitation, n., fellsita s ion.
felicity, n., fells//^/.
fell, v., abater.
felloe, n., anel rot;^.
f ellow-cr eatute , u . ^ ko - ho m*
184
fellow-man — firm
fellow-man, n., ko-hom,
fellowship, n., k&maradilel.
felt, u., feltr.
female, n., feniin.
feminine, a., feminz^ (feminin).
fence, n., sepl.
fence, v., sepiar (hedge); gl&dlar
(fight),
fennel, n., fenul.
ferment, n., ferment.
ferment, v., fermentar.
fermentation, n., fermentasian.
fern, n., fills.
ferocious, a., feros.
ferocity, n., ferosilet.
ferret, n., furet.
fertile, a., fertll.
fertility, n., iertWitet.
fervent, a., ferv.
fervor, n.,feryileL
fester, v., ulserar.
festival, n., fest.
festoon, n., feston.
festoon, v., festonar.
fetch, v., ad-portar.
feudal, a., feodal.
feililleton. n., foUeton.
feuilletonist, n., folIeton/5/.
fever, n., febr.
few, a., netnult.
fiasco, n., flasko.
fibre, n., flbr.
fibrine, n., fibrin.
fiddle, n., violin.
fidelity, n , fidel//^/.
fie ! , i., fi !
field, n.. agr (tilled); kamp (in
general),
fierce, a., feros.
/ierceness, n., terositet.
ffery, a., ardoros.
fifth, a., kuint or kuinktV/t.
fifty, nr., kulnk-des.
fig, n., fig.
fight, n., kombat.
fight, v., kombat^^r.
figurative, a., trop^*^.
figure, n., figur (form); tall
(shape); shifr (cipher); trop
(trope).
figure, v., figurar(form).
file, n., lim.
file, v., WvAar.
filer, n., Wmalor.
fill, v., plentjikar.
filter, n., filtr.
filter, v., filtni^.
filth, n., sord.
filthy, a., sordz^.
final, a., flnh'^ (final).
finally, ad., flnif.
finances, n., finansi.
finch, n., fringii.
find, v., truvtfr.
fine, n., mulkt.
fine, a., fin (refined); subtll
(subtile).
fine, v., mulktar.
fineness, n., tXnitet (quality or
state of being refined); sub-
tWitel (subtilty).
finger, n., digit.
finish, v., finiar (end); per-
fasiar (complete).
Finland, n., Finland/^.
fir, n., ablet.
fire, n., fok (active principle of
combustion): insendi (confla-
gration) ; wrdor ( ardor) .
fireman, n., Insendi^r (fire-
fighter).
&rm, TV., ivttusLV^QTCQxafttce).
k
firm — flutter
185
I., firm.
nent, n., firmament.
!ss, n., ilrtnilel.
i. , prim or unim.
ad., prim^ (in the first
:e); anterior^ (anteriorly).
:lass, scholar of the,
nan.
I., pisk.
'., pislcar.
, fisherman, n., piska/^r.
ook, n., angl.
;, n., flsad.
J, V. tr., flsar.
., pun.
L, n., fistul.
f, a., konven^^/.
J, be, v., konven^r; esar
iwenadl.
IT., kuink.
, fiksar.
', a., flaksid.
1, a., flaksid.
1., flag.
lation, n., flagelasiofi.
person) of truce, n., par-
lenter.
n., flok.
, n., flam.
, v., flam^r.
.ers, n., FlandnV7.
n., flank.
il, n., flanel.
1., klap.
L., platik (plane); insipid
ipid).
irface, n., plat.
a, v., plater.
-, V. , f latar.
:, v., ostentar.
1., lin.
flay, v., pelar.
flea, n., pulk.
flee, v., fugar.
fleet, n., fiot.
fleeting, a., fugas.
flesh, n., learn.
flex, v., fiektar.
flexibility, n., fleUtadliUl.
flexible, a., flekt^2^/(fleksibl).
flexion, n., flektasion (fleksion).
flight, n., vol (flying); fug
(fleeing).
fling, n., lansa^.
flit, v., yolelar.
float, V. intr., flot^r.
flock, n., tnip.
flood, n., Inundasion (deluge);
fiuks (high tide).
floor, n., flur (of a room); etaj
(story).
floor, v., flur«r.
florin, n., florin.
flour, n., farin.
flourish, n., fanfar (of trumpets).
flow, n., fluks (high tide).
flow, v., fluar.
flower, n., flor.
flower, v., florar.
flow into, V. , in-f luar.
flow off. v., de-fluar.
flow out, v., eks-fluar.
fluctuate, v.,fluktuar.
flue, n., tub.
fluid, n., fluida^.
fluid, a., fluid.
fluidity, n., ilvAAitet.
fluorine, n., fluor.
flute, n., flaut (musical instru-
ment); kanel (groove).
flute, v., kanel^r (groove).
flutter , N . , N oVetar .
fly, n., musk.
fly, v., volof.
foal, n., yun-kaval.
foam, n., skum.
foam, v., akumar.
focus, n,, fokus.
fog, n.. nebl.
fof^gy, a., nebios.
foil, v., frustrar.
fold, n., fUHk.
fold, v., pllkar.
fold up, v.. plikar.
foliage, n., folio/.
folk (archaic), n., popl.
follow, v.. sekuar.
folly, n., loUiel.
foment, v.. tomentur.
food, a , oAad (victuals)^ ali-
ment (aliment).
fool, n., lol.
foolish, a... tol.
foolishness, n., UAilei.
foot, u., ped.
foot, on, ad., pedrf. [fanteriat).
foot-soldier, n., \at».nt»rlist (in-
for, p., pro (in favor of); _kaU8»
(because of); plasn (inslead
of).
for, c. kauSf.
forage, n,, furaj.
forage, v., furajur.
forager, n.. lurajfr.
forbearance, n . Indulgenti/f/.
forbid, v., inhlbia;-.
force, n., lore.
force, v.. lorsnr.
force in, v., In-urgac.
ford, n., vad.
ford, v., vadar.
forebode, v.. omiaar (portend);
jfreveatlmentar (anticipate).
foreboding, n., ^.. grla.
grease, n., gres.
grease, v., gresun
great, a., grand.
r.reat liritiiiii, n., Britapia.
jjreat-granrifa ther, n,, plu-
grand-patr.
^reatK' 30, ail , tant^.
greattTess, ii.. grandiVi-/,
Greece, n., Qres/a.
greed, n., kupld;/
gDitarist. n., sftArisl.
guitar-plaver, n., jfitarisl.
Kuir, n., golt.
gunif u,, ^Dl*
gam, v., sonbir.
gun, n., lusll.
guncotton, n., fulmln-koton.
gat. n., Intestln.
guttural, n., konsonoDt gutu-
ral.
gymnasium, a., ctmaas (col-
lege).
gymnastic, a., glmnastlkt/.
gymnastics, n., gimnastlk.
gymnastics, exercise iu, glin-
nastlkar.
gypsum, n..glps.
gypsy, n., tBlgan.
H
habit, a., kustom.
habitable, a., habtbidl.
habituate, v., kustomar.
hack, n., tlakr.
haft, n., ans.
haggle, v.. meHuntrr.
hail, n-. grel.
hail, V. , grelflf (pour down haill.
hair, n.,kap» (single hair);
kapili (hair of the head).
hairy, a., kaplloi,
halberd, n., halebard.
halberdier, n., holebard^.
halcyon, n.. halslon.
half, a., demi.
half, n., setni-ad.
bard 193
half -breed, □,. Diestls.
half-brother, n., semitmtr.
half-moon,,n., setitiiua.
half-year, n., semestr.
half-yearly, a., semestr:^,
hall, n., hoi.
hallow, v., saaUtifikar.
balluciaatioii, n.,, haluslnaslon.
halo, n., nimb.
halt, n.. Stop.
halt, v., 5tOpar (intr.).
[ halt ! , i., stop I
' halter, n., StrangI (for punish-
■ m™t).
; halting- place, n., etop.
i ham, n., gambon.
hammer, □., martel.
hammer, v., martelar.
hammock, n., ham^,
banister, n., hamster.
haiiil, 11., manu.
handicraft, ii., metier.
haiiiikercliitf n., drap de sak.
handle, n., «as.
hand over, v., in-nuuiiinr
hang, V. tr. and intr., pendar.
hangman, n.. eksekuta/ar yus-
t\9ik.
Hanover, n., HsDOvr.
Hanseatic, a., hanseatz^.
Hanseatic League, n., hanseat.
happen, v., aksldiir.
happiness, n., fviM&itet.
happy, a., lells.
happy, make, teWsifikar.
harass, v., veksar.
harbor, n., port.
harbor, v., albergar (as inn-
hard, a., dur (not soft); nefasll
(,difficttV^.1.
(94
bard consonant, konsoiunt
harden, v., duri^^ar' (indurate);
nslerar (steel).
hardihood, n., hardi^^.
hardly, ad,, pentr.
hardness, n., duriiei.
hare, a., llevr.
hark!, i.,andla.'
harlequin, n . harlekln.
taarm, n., damn.
■harm, v., damni/i^^nr.
harmonious, a., harmonicj.
harmonium, n., haroioalum.
harmony, n., harmonl.
harness, n., hames.
harness, v„ hamesar.
harp, n., harp.
harper, a., harpist.
harpoon, n., harpun,
harrow, n., rastron,
harrow, v., mstronar,
harvest, n., rekolt.
harvest, v., rekoltof.
haste, n.. hast.
hasten, v., haatar (be quick);
akselern;- (iiccelerate),
hastening, n.. akaeterasion (ac-
celeration)
hastily, ad,, hastf.
hasty, a., hasti,^.
hasty, be too, fasi<7i-tro hastf.
hat. n., shapd.
hat, cylinder, n,.8lllndr-shap6.
hat, silk, n., slllndr-shapA.
hat-box, n.. Skatul.
hatch, v., icuyar.
hatchel, n., lln-pekt.
hatcbel, v., llD-pektur.
batcbet, o.,8kttr.
bate, n., odl.
-heathenism
hate, v., Odlnr.
hateable, a., oAlabl.
hateful, a., odlos.
hatred, n.,Odl.
haul, v., tlrar.
haunted, the liuiise is. tantoai
apar In dom.
have. T.. avar.
haven, n,, port.
hawk, n., Jiastor.
hay, n., Hen.
hazard, n., hasard.
hazard, v., basardur'.
hazel-nut, n,, tmaet.
he, pr,, 11.
head, n.. kap (part of body):
she! (chief j; ka|ritl (chapter),
heal, V,, remedtur.
health, a., BUnUef (soundness);
tost (toast),
liealtli, propose h. tostar.
healthful, a,, salubr.
healthy, a., san,
heap, n.. kumul.
heap, v., kumulur,
hear, v., audliir(perceive by th«
ear); eks-audlar .grant),
hear ! , i., audta.'
hearing, n., audit (the sense).
heart. □., kord.
heart, by, ad., memorif.
heartiness, n., kordlalt/f/,
hearty, a., korilial <]ordial).
heat, c, kaL>r(waRnth); ardur
(ardor),
heat, v., totnar.
heated, a., ardoros.
heathen, n., pazan.
heathen, a., pagani,i.
I heathenish, a., poganiyft.
heaven — ^hindrance
195
heaven, n., siel.
heavenly, a. , slelik.
heavenly body, astr.
heaviness, n., gntviiet.
heavy, a., pesant.
Hebraic(al), a., hebrez^.
Hebrew, a., hebreik.
heckle, n., lin-pekt.
heckle, v., lin-pektar.
hectograph, hektograph, n.,
heldtograf.
hectograph, hektograph, v.,
hektograSar.
hedge, n., sepi.
hedge, v., scplar.
heel, n., talon.
hegemony, n., hegemoni.
he-goat, n., U&pro.
height, n., altitel.
heir, n., hered.
helium, n., helium.
hell, n.. intern.
hello ! , i., audia/
helm, n., guvem.
helmet, n., kask.
help, n., sukurs.
help, v., sukursar.
help ! , i. , sukurs !
help of, with the, p. , ko sukurs
de.
hem, n., bord.
hem, v., hordar,
hemp, n., kanab.
hen, n., galina.
hence, ad., stkause.
her, pr. , sle (possessive),
her (own), pr., sue.
herald, n., Iierald.
heraldry, n., heraldik.
herb, n., vegetabil.
herbage, n., herba/.
here, ad., 5/iok^ (in this place);
a 5^'iok^ (hither).
here ! , i., ekse !
hereafter, ad., future.
here below, ad., su ter.
heresy, n., heretism.
heretic, n., heret/>^.
heretical, a., heret/>^.
heritage, n., hereda^.
hermaphrodite, n., hermafro-
dit.
hermetical, a., herniet/>^.
hermit, n., eremlt.
hermitage, n., eremlteri.
hero, n., hero.
heroic, a., hero/>^.
heroism, n., heroism.
heron, n., heron.
herring, n., haring.
hers, pr., sie.
herself, pr,, aut (emphatic : lla
aut skrib = she herself
writes); se (reflexive : ila am
se=she loves herself),
hesitate, v., hesitar.
heterogeneous, a., heterogen.
hetero^eneousness, n., hetero-
gem^et.
hexameter, n., heksa-metr.
hiccough, n., hik.
hiccough, v., hikar.
hidden, a., arkan.
hide, n., pelt.
hide, v., okult^r.
high, a., alt.
hilt, n., ans.
himself, pr., aut (emphatic); se
(reflexive). See * * herself. ' '
hind, a., posterior.
hinder, v., Impediar.
hindrance, n., obstakU
196
hinge, n., kardin.
hitiny, n., mulct.
hint, n.. tivtrtasiofi.
hint, v., avertijj-.
hippodrome, n., hipodrom.
hippopotamus, □., hlpopotam.
hire, v., arendflf (rent).
hirer, u., arendit/sr.
his. pr., al«.
histownl, pr.. Sue.
hies. V slbllur
historic(al), n., tilGtor;';{^,
history- n histor
hit, V perkutar
hitch i:p, I-,, JMnktur (horses).
hither, a., siterlor.
hitber, ad., a siloke.
hitherto, ad., usk sitempe.
hitherward, ad., versu sHoke.
hinge-household utensils
ho!,
Uldia.'
hoar-frost, n., glas-rosi.
hoarse, a., rauk.
hoarseness, n.. raukilei.
hodgepodge, n., pelmel.
hog. n., pork.
hoist, v., erekfc!/-*ar.
independence, n,, tiedepoadan-
Hid.
[dependent, n , Hfdependn?;/.
India
., Ind:<;
India-rubber, n., kaucuk.
indicate, v, [i]dik<;/
indicative, n., Indlkatlv.
indifferent, a., indiferent.
indigence, u., indigeatiiet (in-
digens).
indigenous, a., Indigen.
intiigent, a . Indigent.
indignant, be, indlnlur,
indigo, n.. Indigo.
indium, n.. Indium.
individual, □., Indlvldu.
individual, a., indlvldui:i (in-
dividual ).
individuality, n , Indlvlduoli'/f^
indoctrinate, v., preseptorar.
indolence, n,, IndolenttM.
indolent, a.. Indolent.
200
induce— inside
induce, v., persuaditi',
indulgence, n. , indu\geBtilei
(forbearance),
indulgent, a.. Indulgent,
indurate, v., duryt-ftar.
industrial, a. , Industrii,^ (in-
industrious, a., htdustrlos.
industry, u., Industri,
inebriety, n., ebriiet.
inert, a, inert.
inertia, n., liiSTtilet.
inertness, n., Inertiiel
inevilatile, a., neevltab/.
infallible, a, fi^aMail.
infant, n. infant.
infantry, ii.. infanteii.
infantry, a,, Inlanterli7».
infantryman . n . . inlanterli'i/
(infanterist).
infect, v., >afelcta>-.
infection, n., InfektiisiDu (in-
feksion I.
infer, v.. konkludur.
inferior, a.. Inferior.
inferiority, n.. Inferior//:'/.
inferiorly, ad , interiors.
inRnitive. n., Inflnltlv.
infirmary, u,, lasaret.
inilame, v.. intlamar (med.).
inflaniniatiou, n.. inflaniitj«7M,
influence, n . Intluens.
influence, v., Intluensur.
influenza, n., influensa.
inform, v., Inlormar Ich dl Ick.
inform against, v.. denunslan
informatiuM, n , Iniormasio/i.
inform one's self, v., Intormar
sedlkk.
iaSriage. v., y\o\ar,
iiiMn^ctttent, ii., \\o\asion.
infuse, v., In-versiir'.
ingenious, a., gonial (possessed
of genius); artllEsio.; iskilfol).
ingenuous, a,,naiv
ingenuousness, n., tuAyitet.
ingot, n., bar,
iiiliabit. v., ha<itr.
inhabitant, n., habitant.
inhabitant of a kingdom,
regnikol.
inherit, v., Iieredaf.
inheritance, n.. heredui^.
injection, n., kllster.
iniuriously to or of, speak,
inyuriar.
njury. n., Idasion.
nk, n., tint.
nn, n., allwi^.
nner. a . Interior.
nn-keeper, n., albergiV/.
nnocence. n.. laosemtitet.
ent. a., Inosent.
n order that, c , a llnl ke.
n order to, a (before the infini-
n place of, p. , plasu; In plas de.
.n place of, c. plas^ ke.
n^uire, v..lnter<^ar(askques-
mquireai
I (into), V. , Infonnur
dikk.
inquisitive, a., kuriOB.
iuquisitiveness. n., kurloBt/«/.
inscribe, v , in-skrlbaf.
insect, n., Insekt.
insert, v., In-plasai- [place in);
Inseriir |in newspaper),
inside, ad., Interlorf.
inside, p., interiors de.
vn»de,\.othe. ad., a InterloR.
inside of — intimacy
201
inside of, p.. Interiors de.
inEignificajit, a., uHmportant,
insinuate, v.. lllAlailiir,
insipid, a„ Insipid.
insist upon, v., Insbir.
insolence, n., InsolentjVc/.
insolent, a.. Inaolent.
inspect, v., ItufeMar.
inspector, n., InspektiuS^r
inspiration, a.. Inapirasion.
inspire, v., Inspirnr (trans.); in-
respirar ((irspirar) breathe
in),
inspissate, v.. kondensar
install, v., Inatatar. j
itance, n , eksempl.
itant, n., moment. I
tantij, ad., .timomeBtf. [
nsteadof, p.,plHS»,' Inplasde. ,
:nstead of, c. pku« ke. I
instigate, v., luatlgar. \
■.nslil. v., In-versar. ]
ict, n., Inatinkt. <
ute, v., Instltuar I
nstitution. n.. Instltuni^ (insti-
s.).
al, In-
tut).
institution, educatii
stltuji(/de«dukff.wi
iDGtmct, V Instruiir
instructor ti. Instraaloy.
. Instrument.
nstrument, v., Instrumental' (a
insulate, v., ISOtar.
insnlt. n.. Insult.
insult, v., InaulVir.
ince, n., aaekurasioii.
:, v., asekurar.
integrity, n., lDtegr//f/.
itegument, n., kuvr.
intellect, n., Intelektu.
intellectual, a., Intelektuo^.
intelligence, n.. Intelektu (in-
tellect); Inlortnasioti (infor-
mation),
intelligible, a,, komprend^ii/.
intend, v. intensloniir,
latenslv.
n.. Intent.
Intension.
nteiitionalh- ad.. Intension.'.
nter, v,, se'pultar.
utercede. v.. Interseda'-.
nterchange. n,. permut/ii/'cu.
nterchanfte, v., permutii''.
ntercourse, n., komunlkaj/oi/,
interest, n., Interes (couceini;
Interest liricoiiiel.
inteiest, v., Interesiri-.
interest, bear, port«r In-
terest.
■. a , Interior.
interiorly, ad., Interiorc,
interjection, n., Interyekslon.
interlude, n., intr-lud.
internal, a,, Intern.
internalional, a . Internaslonal.
interpret, v., Interpret^'-.
interpreter, n.. Interpret.
interrogate, v., Interogd/-.
interronatioii mark, sign de
lnteroe<7^/()/r.
interrogative particle, eske?
interrogative pronoun, pro-
nom Interogatlv.
iiiterrupl, v , Intemmpar. '
interval, n.. Interval.
intestine, n., Intestln.
intimacy, n., \vAXmitH.
202
intimate — ^ivy
intimate, a., intim.
intimate, v., notiflkar.
intimation, n., notlf lUxision.
intimidate, v., tXtnidifikar.
into, p., in.
intoxicate, v., In-ebr^r.
intransitive verb, intransitive,
n., verb intransitiv.
intrigue, n., Intrig.
intrigue, v., XntrX^ar.
introduce, v., introdtikar (bring
in).
intrude, v., In-urga/' (trans.).
intuition, n., Intvkasion (intui-
sion).
intuitive, a., Intuativ (intuitiv).
inundate, v., inundar.
inundation, ii., \nvkndasio7t.
inure, v. tr., kustomtir.
invalid, n., invalid.
invalid, a., Invalid.
invalidity, n., InwMditet.
invasion, n., invasion.
invent, v., inventr^r.
invention, n., lnventa^/t.
^bone, n., maksil.
rer, maksil inferior.
3er, maksil superior.
, hokon.
a., jalus.
, n., lalusitef.
, gelatin,
yok.
yokar.
a., yokos.
yudan.
., yuvel.
n., yuvel^r.
a., yudnik.
I., yolw5.
a., yukund.
yunktar (unite).
1., tBibVer.
shop, u., tabl^r-oflsin.
, flekt.
ad., yunkt^.
,yok.
yokar.
n., diurnal (periodical),
n., voyaj.
v., voyajaA-.
go on a, de-voya-
., yovial.
, n., yovial//^/.
ss, n., yovial//^/.
gaudi.
I., yukund.
a. , gaudl95.
jubilarian, n., yubil^r.
jubilate, v., yubilar.
jubilation, n., yubil.
jubilee, n., yubilo^.
Judaic, a., yudaf^.
Judaism, n., yud&ism.
judge, n., yudikator,
judge, v.; yudlslar (mentally J;
yudlkar (pronounce upon the
merits of a cause); pensar
(thmk).
judge lateral, n., asesor.
judgment, n., yudisi (product
of mental act of judging);
yudlslasion (mental act):
yudlkasion (process of arriv-
ing at a decision in a debat-
able matter); yudika^ (sen-
tence, decision of a judge).
jug, n., kruk.
juice, n., suk.
juicy, a., suk^^.
July, n., yuH.
July, a., yulla?i and de y.
jumble, n., pelmel.
jump, n., salt.
lump, v., Salter.
jump off, v., de-saitar.
June, n., yuni.
June, a., yunlan and de y.
junior, a , yunior.
juniper, n., yunlpr.
juridic, juridical, a., yurldtk,
jurisdiction, n., yunsdiksion.
jurisprudence, n.,yurispru-
dens.
jurist, n., yurist,
juristical), a., ynristik.
juror, n., yvLVo.
jurors, n., yun*.
jury, n., yun'.
202
intimate — ivy
intimate, a., Intitn.
intimate, v. , notif ikar.
intimation, n., notlflkasion.
intimidate, v., tXtnidifikar,
into, p., in.
intoxicate, v., in-ebrar.
intransitive verb, intransitive,
n., verb intransltlv.
intrigue, n., intrlg.
intrigue, v., \ntf\zar.
introduce, v., Introdukar (bring
in).
intrude, v., in-urgar (trans. ).
intuition, n., intuasion (intui-
sion).
intuitive, a., Xntuativ (intuitiv).
inundate, v., inundar.
inundation, u., Xnnndasion.
inure, v. tr., kustom^ir.
invalid, n., invalid.
invalid, a., invalid.
invalidity, n., InwMditet.
invasion, n., invasion.
invent, v., inventor.
invention, n., \n\entasion (in-
vensiou).
inventor, n., \n\entator (inven-
tor).
inventory', n., inventar.
inversely, ad., Inversid*.
invert, v., Inversirt;r.
invest, v., vestar (clothe); ob-
sidXar (besiege).
investigate, v., investigaA-.
investigation, n., XnwestX^asion.
investigator, n., investiga/^r.
invigorate, v., vigorar.
invite, v., invitar.
invoice, n., faktur.
involve, v., komplikar.
inward, ad., a interior^.
iodine, n., lod.
Ireland, n., irland/a.
iridium, n.. Iridium.
iris, n., Iris.
iron, n., fer.
iron, v., gXatifikar (clothes).
ironical, a., Xronlos,
irony, n., ironi.
irrigate, v., XrXgar.
irrigation, n., IrX^aston.
irritate, v., iritar (excite).
irritated, be, v., esar veks^flf.
island, n., instil.
islander, n., insular.
isolate, v., isolar.
isosceles, a., ekutkrwrik.
issue, n., result^z^/ (result).
issue, v., fontar (spring); editor
(publish ) .
issuer, n., edlta/^r ((editor)
publisher),
issuing, n., edXtasion (edision).
isthmus, n., istm.
it, pr., it.
Italian, a., ital/a» (pertaining to
Italy); Italz^ (language).
Italian, n., Xtaiian (man); ital/-
a?ia ( woman ».
Italian-speaking, a., Xt&Uk.
Italy, n., Xt&Xta.
itch, n., skabi (mange),
itch, v., prurXar.
itchy, a , skabi^?^ (mangy,
iterative, n.. numerativ itera-
tiv.
its, pr., sie.
its (own), pr., sue.
itself, pr., aut (emphatic): se
(reflexive). See '* herself."
ivory, n., Ivor.
jackal — ^jury
203
J
jackal, n., shakal.
jacket, n., yak.
January, n., yanuar.
Japan, n., Yaponia.
jar, n., pot.
jaw, jawbone, n., maksll.
jaw, lower, maksil inferior.
jaw, upper, maksil superior.
jaws, n., hokon.
jealous, a., jalus.
jealousy, n., IsXusitet.
jelly, n., gelatin.
jest, n., yok.
jest, v., yolkar.
jesting, a., yok^5.
Jew, n., yuda^.
jewel, n., yuvel.
jeweler, n., yuvel^r.
Jewish, a., yuda.ik,
jocose, a., yolkos.
jocund, a., yukund.
join, v., yvkviktar (unite).
joiner, 'U., tabl^r.
joiner's shop, n., tabl^r-ofisin.
joint, n., flekt.
jointly, ad., yunkt^.
joke, n., yok.
joke, v., yokar,
journal, n., diurnal (periodical).
journey, n., voyaj.
journey, v., voyajdir.
journey, go on a, de-voya-
J«r.
jovial, a., yovial.
joviality, n., yowXaiiiet.
jovialness, n., yo\\a\itet.
joy, n., gaudi.
joyful, a., yukund.
joyous, a., gaudi^5.
jubilarian, n., yubil^r.
jubilate, v., yubilar.
jubilation, n., yubil.
jubilee, n., yubilo^.
Judaic, a., yudaik.
Judaism, n., yvkdaistn.
judge, n. , yudikfl/^r.
judge, v., yudisia;' (mentally);
yudik^r (pronounce upon the
merits of a cause); pensar
(think).
judge lateral, n., asesor.
judgment, n., yudisi (product
of mental act of judging);
yudXsXasion (mental act);
yudlk^5/^« (process of arriv-
ing at a decision in a debat-
able matter); yudika^ (sen-
tence, decision of a judge).
ju^, n., kruk.
juice, n., suk.
juicy, a., suk^^.
July, n., yull.
July, a., yuVXan and de y.
jumble, n., pelmel.
jump, n., salt.
jump, v., Salter.
jump off, v., de-saltar.
June, n., yunl.
June, a., ynnXan and de y.
junior, a , yunior.
juniper, n., yunipr.
juridic, juridical, a., yurldz^.
jurisdiction, n., yurisdikslon.
jurisprudence, n. , y u r I s p r u-
dens.
jurist, n., yurisi.
juristical), a., ynristik,
juror, n., yur^.
jurors, n,, yun*.
jury, n., yur/.
204
just — lacerate
just, a., yust.
just, ad., yust^ (exactly).
just as, c, kual^.
justice, n., ytistis (administra-
tion of justice); yust //^/(just-
ness).
justify, v., ynstifikar.
justness, n., ynstitet.
just now, ad., yust^ sitempe.
jute, n., yut.
K
kaleidoscope, n , kalidoskop.
kalium, n., kalium.
keel, n., kil.
keep, v., tenar (hold); retenar
(retain); festar (celebrate);
preservar (preserve); ne-
komuniktzr (not communi-
cate).
keep back , v. , retenar (restrain).
keep books, v., Ilbr-tenar.
keep secret, v. , tenar sekret^r.
keep still ! , i., silensi I
kernel, n., gran.
kettle, n., kaldron.
key, n , klavl (of lock, also of
musical instrument); ton
(tone).
keyboard n., klavlfly'.
kidney, n., ronion.
kill, v., mortifikar.
kilogramme, n., kj/ogram.
kilometer, n., kilometr.
kin, a., parent.
kind, n., sort.
kind, a., benevolent.
kindle, v., ilagres/^ar (intr.);
flagri/ikar (trans.).
kindred, n., parentel.
king, n., reg (ruler; also in
chess).
kingdom, n., regn^'a.
kingfisher, n., halsion.
kiss, n., oskul.
kiss, v., oskular.
kitchen, n., kuk^rr.
knave, n., brikon.
knee, n., genu.
kneel, v., genuar.
kneepan, n., patel.
knife, n.,kultel.
knight, n., kavalier (cavalier);
kaval (in chess).
knit, v., trlkotar.
knit goods, n., trikot.
knob, n., tuber.
knobby, a., tuberos.
knock, v., perkut^ir.
knot, n., nod.
knot, v., nodar.
know, v., konosar.
knowledge, n., konosa^ (cogni-
tion, acquaintance); sient
(science).
knuckle, n.. flekt [de digit].
kopeck, H., kopek.
Koran, n., koran.
kreutzer, n., kreutser.
labial, n., konsonant labial.
labile, a., labll.
labor, n., labor.
labor, v., laborer.
labyrinth, n., labirint.
lace, n., dentel.
lace, v., lasear (tie); galoiia>
(trim with galloon).
\ \atce.Ta.\&,N.,&fierar.
lacker — ^lazaretto
205
lacker, n., lak.
lackey, n., Iak6.
lacking, be, v., maxiikar.
lack of, for, p., manliu.
lacmus, n., lakmus.
lacquer, n., lak.
lacquer, v., lakar.
lady, n., slniora (Mrs.); sini-
orina (miss).
lagoon, n., lagun.
lake, n., lag.
lama, n., lama.
lamaism, n., lamam/^.
lamb, n., agnel.
lament, n., lament.
lament, v., lamentar.
lamina, n., lamin.
laminate, v., laminar.
lamp, n., lamp.
lampblack, n., fum-negro^/.
lampoon, n., paskuil.
lamprey, n., lampret.
lance, n., lans.
lancer, n., ulan.
land, n., agr (field); land (coun-
try ) ; teren (opposed to water).
land, V. intr., ad-bordar.
landlord, n., hotel^r (of hotel).
landscape, n., palsaj.
landscape-painter, n., palsa]f5/.
language, n., Ilngu.
lantern, n., lantern.
lanthanum, n., lantan.
lap, n., gremi.
Lapland, n., Laponta.
lapwing, n., vanel.
larch, n., larlks.
large, a., grand.
large, make, v., grand//J^ar.
largeness, n., gmndttet.
lark, n., alaud.
larva, n., larv.
larynx, n., taring.
lasso, n., iaso.
last, a., ultim.
last, v., durar.
last, at, ad., fini^.
late, a., tard.
late, ad., tard^.
lately, ad., nelohge.
later, a., posterior.
lath, n., lat.
Latin, n., latin (language).
latitude, degree of, grad de
largitel.
lattice, n., treliaj.
lattice, v., klosarmediz^ treliaj.
laud, v., iaudar.
laugh, laugh at, v., rldar,
launch, v., lansar (hurl),
laundress, n., lay aiora.
laurel, n., laur.
lava, n., lav.
lavish, a., prodig2>.
lavish, v., prodlgar.
law, n., leg (statute ); yur
(right),
lawful, a., legltim (legitimate);
yurid2> (right),
lawsuit, n., proses.
lawyer, n., advokat.
lax, a., laks.
laxity, n., laksilet.
lay, v., posar (place); metar
0\i (of fowls),
lay down, v., de-posar.
layer, n., strat (stratum); lamin
(lamina),
lay on, v., su-metar.
lay out, v., spendar (spend),
lay over, v., trans-metar.
lazaretto, ii», la&aret.
206
laziness — liability
laziness, n., In^rtitet.
lazy, a., Inert.
lead, n., plomb.
lead, n., Civkk^asion (leading).
lead, v., plombar.
lead, v., dukar.
lead away, v., de-dukjr.
leader, n., shef (headj.
leadership, n., dvkliaston.
leading, a., prlnslpal (chief).
lead off, V. , de-duktzr.
lead-pencil, n., krayon.
leaf, n., foli (plant, book);
lamin (lamina).
league, n., Ilga.
leak, n.. lekaj.
leak, v., lekaj^r.
lean, a., magr.
lean, v., ad-dorsar (trans.),
lean, become, tntLZ^eskar.
leanness, n., magn/rA
leap, n., salt.
leap, v., Salter.
leap off, v., de-salt^zr.
leap-year, n., anu bisekstll.
learn, v., aprendar.
learnable, a., aprenda^/.
learned, a., erudXed.
learned man, n., eruCAed.
lease, n., Vnad.
lease, v., inar (take); prestar
iuade 'let),
least, at, ad., a mlnu.
leather, n., kuir.
leave, v., l&sar (let); abandonar
(forsake); trans-mlt^r hered^
(bequeath),
leaven, n., ferment.
leave of absence, permislon.
leech, n., sanguln-sug.
7ees, n., sediment.
eft. a. , sinistr.
eft, at the (on the), ad., sinistra.
eft, to the, ad., a sinistra.
eft of, to (at) the. p., sinistra
de.
eg, n., gamb.
egend, n., legend.
egible. a.. Itktadl.
egion, n.. legion.
egitimacy, n.. legftimi/^/.
egitimate. a., legitim.
egumes, n., legumlnosi.
egumin, n., legumln.
eisure, n., osl.
enion, n.. llmon.
emonade, n., Ilmono^/.
end, v., prest^zr.
ength, n., \on%ilel,
en til, n., lentil.
eopard. n., leopard.
eprosery, n., leproseri.
eprosy, n., lepr.
eprous, a., lepr^?^.
esion, n., lesasion.
ess, ad., mlnu.
essee, n., Xuator.
essen, v., mlnuar (trans.); ml-
Tkueskar (intr. ).
esson, n., lekslon.
et, v., permlt^r (allow); lasar
(leave); prestar iuade (lease),
et go, V. , lasar andar.
etter, n., letr (epistle); liter (of
alphabet),
etter, by, ad., letr^.
ettuce, n., laktuk.
evel, n., nivel.
evel, v., nivelar.
ever, n., Xevalor.
evity, n., trXwoXitet,
i., generoB.
y, u.. generOBilei.
v., UbriJiSar.
n.. nhrilel.
I, n., blblhttekfr.
n., blbliotek.
n., Ilsensl (permission).
istiess, n lisensiawYri.
., Ilkendiot.HnJtned.)-
u iisens'iad.
lekar
he. Iiiandnr
L petsob, fiiand.
laenUad (untruth); de-
I (contradklion).
Iientlarlbe untruthfull;
>" (be situated),
lit for, V ]id~yusti»-.
yone, mentldrakh.
nt, n., leutenant.
vit.
pro-viti;i,
ad., pro-vltr.
a.; pro-vlti;*.
one'-s, ad., pro-vitf,
, lum.
, lejer (notheavyl.
, llumlnar {illuminate).
ve, v., lumar.
v., furmlnar- (flasb).
.ae, n., far.
i, a., leierilei.
?, n., tulntln.
207
-conductor, n., para-
iulmlii.
lightning-rod, n., ^arafulrntn,
ligneous, a., Wgaalr.
like, a., slmll.
like, v., amur.
like, c, kualf.
likely, ad., probabif.
liken, v., kompariif-.
likeness, n., &\m\\itet.
likewise, ad.. eguaU.
liking, n., pllsiu^ (pleasure).
lily, n., nil.
lUy-of-the- valley, n. , koDvalarl.
lily-of-the- valley, a., konvala-
t\an.
limb, n., ram (of tree),
lime, n., kalsin.
limit, n., limit.
limit, v., limltnr
limp, a., flaksld.
limp, v., muK\Aar,
limpid, a., limpid.
lin<}en,
.,tllt.
linden, a,, %3!IMk and de t.
line. n.. Unl (extension i n
length; etrokei; vera (verse),
line, v.. Ilnliir (ruk).
linear, a., WnMk (linear),
linen, n., Iln-drap (cloth); lino;'
(washing),
linen -cloth, n., Iln-drap.
linguist, n., llnguu^.
lint, n,, karp-flli (charpie); lln
I flax),
lion, n., leon.
lip, n., labl.
liquid, n.. fluldai/(Buid); koaso-
muit llkuld (letter),
liquid, a., lluM.
liquidate, v.. lUcuMar.
liquidity, n., lluKHiei.
liquor, n.. liker.
list, n., lUt.
listen, v., auskultnn
litany, n., Iltnnl.
liter, litre, n., «tr.
literal, a., literal.
literature, n.. Ilteratur.
litharge, n.. llUrg.
lithium, n.. Iltlum.
Lithuania, n.. Lltuanin.
litigate, v., prosesor.
litmus, n., lakmus.
httle,a. minim (small); wmult
(uotmuch).
little, ad., nemulte.
liturgical, a., IIturglji{lit«rgik).
liturgy, n.. Ilturgl.
live, v., vivar; resldar.
liveliness, n,, vlvasitei.
lively, a., vivas,
liver, n., hepat.
livery, n., Ilvr6.
live extravagantly, viva/- luk-
sure.
living (livelihood), earn a,
ganliir pan.
living, a., vlvi*.
Livonia, n.. Livonia.
lizard, n., lasert.
llama, n., lyam.
to !, i., eksel
load, n., sharj.
load, v., sharjnr.
loan, n., preatasian.
loatlie, v., abomlndj-
lobe. n lob
lobster, u,, markrev.
local, a. ^pasi/X- (lokal).
locality, n , lokal.
lock, n., klos (fastening); bidtl
(of hair).
lock, v., klosar.
lockout, v., eka-klosar.
locomotive, n., lokomotlv.
loconiokir, ii., lOkomobll.
locust, n.. lokust (insecti.
lodge, n., lodji (place of meet-
ing).
lodge. V. intr., lojiitr.
lodging, n., lojl.
loftiness, a.. tAUUt.
lofty.a., alt (high); subltm
(sublime),
log, 11. blok,
loiiarithm, a., logAritm.
logic, n., loglk.
logical, a., loglkii/.
loiter, v., moror.
Loiiibardy, ii., Lombanlia.
long, a., tang.
long, ad., longf.
long ago, ad., prAonfe-
long ago, not, ad., ne\Ott.%e-
long for, v., deslrnr.
longitude, degree of, grad de
Xaazitet.
longtime, for a, ad., iottgg.
look, II. Bp«kt.
took (at), v.. spektar.
look!, i., eksel
look after, v., sekuar medlii
aspekt.
look for. v., shershar.
looking-glass, n.. mlror.
looking over, n., kootrol (con-
trol),
look over, v., kontroliir (con-
trol).
loose — ^magnificence
209
u, laks.
v., solver.
^ss, n., laksitet.
.ous, a., loktias.
ty, n., iQkuastlei.
1., Sinior.
er, v., domlnar.
Prayer, n., patrnostr.
le, n., Lotairing^'a.
, perdar.
, perd.
J, v., esarperded.
thought, be, meditar
und^ di kk.
lot (share).
, n., loteri.
.., sonor.
, not, ad., /^sonor^.
, n., divan.
a., pedikul.
., amor.
. , amar.
1., amalor.
, bas (not high); ^^sonor
loud).
L, ;?^onor^ (not loudly),
a., inferior.
v., minuar (lessen ) ;
^kar (abase),
s, n., hasitet.
I., loyal.
, n., \oya\itet.
tion, n., Xuhrifikasion.
1., lusid,
jr, n., iusXditet.
a., fells.
(^e, a., lukrativ.
e, n., bagaj.
Lrm, a., tepid.
, a., lunat^'^.
I., pulmon.
lupine, n., lupin.
lute, n., Hut.
Lutheran, a., luteran.
Lutheran,' n., luteran.
Lutheranism, n., luteranism.
luxuriance, n., luksunV^/.
luxuriant, a., luksur.
luxuriate, v., vlvar lulcsur^.
luxurious, a., Iuks<75.
luxuriousness, n., luksositeL
luxury, n., luks.
lyceum, n., Ilseum (college),
lye, n., Illcsiv.
lynx, n., links.
lyre, n., Ilr.
M
macaroni, n., makaron.
machine, n., mashln.
mackerel, n., makrel.
madam, n., sinlora.
Madonna, n., madona.
magazine, n., magasin (store-
house).
magic, n., magi.
magic, magical, a., magl^'^
(magik).
magic, practise, maglar.
magician, n., magl^r.
magistracy, n., maglstrat.
magnanimity, n., magnanlmt-
magnanimous, a., magnanlm.
magnate, n., magnat.
magnesium, n., magnesium.
magnet, n., magnet.
magnetic, a., magnet/^.
magnetism, n., magnet;'^^.
magnetize, v., magnetlsar.
magnificence, n., magnlf.
210
magnificent — March
magnificent, a., magnif/^.
magpie, n., pikas.
mahogany, n., mahas^onl.
mahogany, a., mahagonl/^ and
de in.
Mahometan, n., mahomet^z;;.
Mahometan, a., mahomet^/;.
Mahometan ism, n., mahome-
tanisnt.
maiden, n., virgina.
main, a., prinslpal.
mainly, ad., prinslpal^.
maintain, v., mantenar (hold
fast).
maize, n., mais.
majesty, n., mayestet.
major, n., mayor.
majority, n., mayoritet.
make, v., fasiflr( cause); fabrl-
liar (manufacture).
make faces, grimasdtr.
make good, v., honifikar.
malady, n., malad//^/.
Malay, n., malay.
male, n., maskul.
male, a., ma^kul/^ (maskulin).
malediction i n., tnaied\)^asion
(malediksion).
malice, n., malisl.
malicious, a., tnsixsXos.
mallow, n., malv.
malt, n., malt.
mammal, n., animal mamlfer.
mammoth, n., mamut.
man, n., vlr(male); hom (hu-
man being).
manage, v., menajar (adminis-
ter); guvemar (guide, gov-
ern).
management, n., mena].
mandate, n., mandat. .
mandolin, n., mandolin.
mandrake, n., mandragor.
manage, n., mane].
manganese, n., mangan.
mange, n., skabl.
manger, n., presepl.
man^, a., skabi^5.
mama, n., man!.
manifest, v., manifest^^r.
manifesto, n., manifest.
manifold, a., multupl.
manipulate, v., manipular.
manipulation, n., tnanl^lasion.
manna, n., mana.
manner, d., manier.
manner, in a certain, ad., sert-
manier^.
manner, in this, ad., 5z manier^.
manner, in what, ad., ^mani-
ere.
manner of, after the, p., In
manier de.
manoeuver, manoeuvre n.,
manovr.
manceuver, v. intr., manovrar.
Mansard roof, n., mansard.
mantilla, n., mahtlli.
mantle, n., mantel.
manufactory, n., fabrik.
manufacture, v., fabrikar.
manure, n., kompost.
manure, v., kompostdtr.
manuscript, n., manuskript.
many, a., mult.
many-headed, a.., polikBpik.
many times, ad., tnultfoa.
map, n., kart geograii/^.
maple-tree, n., aser.
marasmus, n., marasm.
marble, n., marmor.
"Mlaxc^^i, \i., mars.
march, n., marsh.
march, v., nmnhar,
march off, v., de-mttrahar.
majclipane. ii. marBJpan-
mare, a., kavala.
niargiD, n.. bord.
marine, a., marln (navy).
marionette, n., Ituuionet.
marjoram, a., m&yOtiM.
mark, n., mark (token); but
(butt); mark (coin).
mait, v.. marker (impress with
a token; n/so reader conspicu-
ous); 8lgnar(denote).
market, ti.. basar.
market-town h. burg.
inarl, n., morg.
marly, n.. marll.
mariy, a., inarlli^ and de m.
(of marly).
marmalade, n., marmelad.
marmot, n., marmot.
maroon, n.. jnaron (chestnut).
marriage, n.. matrlmonl.
marriageable, a., nubll.
marry, v., imultar.
marsh, n.. palud.
marshal, n., marshal.
marshy, a., paludo.;.
marten, n.. mart.
martyr, n., martlf.
masculiue, a., mukuU'i^ (masku-
liu).
mask, Q., mask.
mask, v., maskar.
mason, n., mutator.
mass. n.. mas(bulk); mes (sac-
., masakr.
matador, a., matodor.
match, n., t\Agresialor (fric-
tion); Uagresi-korioa (slow-
matt^).
matched, a., parik.
mate, a., mat (in chess).
mated, a,, pani (paired).
material, D.. material.
material, a., materliit ((mate-
rial) of matltr).
macerialisni, n,, material li^u;.
mathematical, a. , matematlka/.
mathematics, a., matematlk.
matriculate, v., Imatrlkular,
matriculation, u.. Imatrlkuln-
sion.
matrimonial, a., matrimoola»
(inatrimoniftl).
matrimony, n., matrimonl.
matrix, n.. matris.
matron, n., matron.
matter, n., afer (affair); materi
(nialeriali; ulserai^ (pus).
mattress, n., matras.
mature, a., matur.
maturity, n., maturilei.
maxilla, n., makslf.
maxim, n., makslm.
May, n., mal.
May, a., malan and de m.
may, v.. »var permit a.
maze, n., lablrlnt.
magaificeiit — March
magnificetit, a., nugnlfi^.
mandolin, n.
m^ogaay. a., mahasoDi.
mandrake, n
manage, n.. i
manganese, i
dent.
mange, n., si
UahomeUn, n., inahonieta».
manger, n., I
mangy, a., si
mania, n.. m
Hahometanism, n., Riahame-
toHism.
manifest, v..
tiiaidcn. ti., virgins.
manifesto, ii.
main, a., prinslpal.
manifold, a.,
tnainly. ad., prinslpalc.
maintain, v., mantenni (hold
manipulation
tm).
majesty, n., mayestet.
major, a., mayor,
majoritj-. II,. mayoritet.
make, v., faslii/-(taiise): labrl-
krtr (n;aiiufacture ) ,
make faces, grlmasiir .
make good, v., boaifi^ar.
malady, n., maladi/c/.
Malay, n., malay.
male, n., maskul.
male, a., inaskulf'X' (maskulin).
mal ediction . n , , tnaledlkiisuin
(malerliksioii).
malice, n., mallsl.
maUdons, a., mallskii.
malloiv, n., malv.
molt, n.. malt.
maniuial. □, , anlBMl mamller.
inamtnoth, n., mamut.
man, a., vlr^male); horn (hu-
manovr.
Mansard roo:
mantilla, n.,
mantle, n., n
manure, v., I
niauy-headet
map, I), Icar
jackal — jury
203
1, n., shakal.
t, n., yak.
try, n., yanuar.
1, n., Yapon/a.
., pot.
jawbone, n., maksll.
lower, maksll inferior.
apper, maksil superior.
n., bok^;^.
IS, a., jalus.
isy, n., l&lusitet.
n., gelatin.
1., yok.
/., yokar.
g, a., yokos.
a., yud&n.
, n., yuvel.
er, n., yuvel^utl.
212
mazurka— meridian
mazurka, a. , tnasurlui.
meadow, n., prat.
meal, n., farlD (flour); repast
(repast).
mean, v., signlflkar (signify);
desiaar (purpose!.
meander, v., serpeatar.
meaning, h., eignMHiasiou.
means, u. medi (medium),
means, hy no, ad., totals no.
means of, by, p. mediu.
meantime, ad., intr-tempe.
meanwhile, ad., Intr-temp^.
measles, n., morbll.
sion; also mode of proceed-
ing); takt (music).
measure, v., mesurar.
measure off, v., meaurar.
meat, n kern.
mechanic, n., metlerisi.
mechanician, n., mekanlktr.
mechanics, n.. tnekanlk.
mechanism, ii. , melcanlsm.
medal, a., medal!
medallion, ji. medallon.
mediate, a., medlat.
mediate, v, , medkr.
mediation, 11., tnedlasion.
mediator u. mediator.
medical man, n., medlalaisi.
medicament, u., medlkanient.
medicine, n., in«dikameat
(medicament); medlsla (sci-
mediocre, a., medlokr.
mediocrity, n., medloitritel.
meditate, v., medltar.
Mediterranean Sea, mar Medl-
, fnedl.
medium, a., medl- grand.
medlar, n., mespll,
medley, n., pelmel.
meet, v. konventji/- (assemble);
Okuroj- (encounter).
meeting, n., kanvent (assem-
bly); oliurasion (encounter).
megrim, n.. mlgren.
melancholic, a., melankolii'i
(uielankolik).
melancholy, n,, melankoll,
melancholy person, meEankoll-
iier (melankoliker).
mellow, a., mol.
mellowness, a., molilei.
melodious, a. toeiofOos.
melody, n., metodi.
melon, □., melon.
melt, V. tr., londar.
member, a., meinbr.
membrane, n.. membran.
memorable, a., memorW/.
memory, n.. memort.
memory, from, ad., n
ko-
mend, v.. feparar.
mendicant, II, mendlk«V
molecule— moustache
215
molecule, n.» molekul.
molest, v., moiestar.
mollify, v., tnoXifikar,
moUusk, n., molusk.
molybdenum, n., molibden.
moment, n., moment.
momentary, a., moment/^.
monarch, n., monark.
monarchy, n., monark/a.
monastery, n., monaster.
Monday, n., Itindi.
Monday, a., \und\an and de I.
money, n., men.
money, ready, n., kontant.
monk, n., monak^.
monogram, n., monos^m.
monologue, n., monolog.
monopoly, n., monopol.
monosyllabic, a., monos\V9hik,
monotonous, a., inonoton.
monster, n., monstru.
monstrous, a., monstru^j.
month, n., mens.
monthly, ad., omnl-mens^.
monument, n., monument.
monumental, a., monument/^.
moon, n., lun.
Moor, n., moresk.
Moorish, a., moresk.
moral, a., moral.
morality, n., momXitet.
moral philosophy, n. , morala^.
morals, n., moralitel (morality);
morala^f (science),
more, ad., pltl.
morel, n., morel.
more (the)— the more, ad., plu —
plu.
moreover, ad., setr^.
more times, ad., plu/oa.
morning, n., matin.
morning, in the, ad., matins.
morocco, n., marokln.
morose, a., moros.
morphia, n., morfln.
morphine, n., morfln.
morsel, n., morsel.
mortal, a., mortal.
mortality, n., fnottaXitei.
mortar, n., mortar (cement).
mortgage, n., hipotek.
mortification, n., gangx^n (gan-
grene).
mortify, v., gangrenar (in-
trans.).
mosaic, n., mosalk.
mosque, n., mosk6.
mosquito, n., moskit.
moss, B., muskl.
mossy, a., muskk?^.
most, ad., leplu.
most, at, ad., leplu.
most, the, ad., leplu.
mostly, ad., leplu.
moth, n., tine.
mother, n., matr.
motion, n., tnowasion (move-
ment); propose 5 zi^;/ (pro-
posal ) .
motive, n., motlv.
motive, v., motive;'.
motor, n., mova/^;;' imotor).
motto, n., moto.
mount, mountain, n., mont.
mount, v., ssendar (ascend);
mont^?;- (make ready).
mountain range, n., mont^y.
mourn, v., luktuar.
mournful, a., Iuktu^5.
mourning, n.. luktu.
mouse, n., mus.
moustache, n., mustak/.
216
mouth — name
1
mouth, n., bok (in general);
hokon (jaws),
movable, a., moyad/,
move, n., marsh (in chess).
move, v., movar ^disturb); mo-
tlvar (motive, influence);
proposer (propose); marshar
(in chess),
movement, n., moyasion.
mow, v., falslar.
mow off, V. , de-falsirtr.
Mrs., n., sinior^.
much, a., mult.
much, ad., mult^.
much, not, ad., netnuXte.
much, so, ad., tBUXte.
mucous, a., pituit^5.
mucus, n., pltuit. «
mud, n., slim.
muddy, a., slimc>^.
mulatto, n., mulat.
mulberry, n., maur-ber.
mulberry-tree, n., maur.
mulct, n., mulkt.
mulct, v., tavXktar.
mule, n., mul.
multiple, a., muXtupl.
multiplicative, n., numeratlv
multlplikativ.
multiply, v., multlplik^r.
multitude, n., tnvAtitet.
mummy, n.. muml.
municipal, a., munisipal.
municipality, n., munisipal//^/.
munition, n., munislon (war
material),
murder, n., asasln^w;/.
murder, v., asasinar.
murderer, n., as^slnator.
murmur, v., murmurar.
muscle, n., muskui.
muscular, a., muskul^s.
muse, n., musa.
museum, n., mtis^.
mushroom, n., shamplnion.
music, n., muslk.
music, make (render), miisikar.
musical, a., muslko/.
musket, n., musket*
muslin, n., muslin.
must, n., most (new wine).
must, I =» mi deb.
mustache, n., mustakt.
mustard, n., mostard.
mute, a., mut.
mutilate, v., mutliar.
muzzle, n., museller (fasten-
ing): musei (snout).
my, pr., mie.
myopia, n., ml(>pitel.
myopic, a., miop.
myrrh, n., mir.
myrtle, n., mirt.
myself, pr., aut (emphatic); mi
(reflexive).
mysterious, a., misteri^.;.
mystery, n., misteri.
mystification, n., mlstUfkasion.
mystify, v., mistiflkar.
N
nadir, n., nadir.
naiad, n., nayad.
nail, n., klav (pin); ung;u (of
hand or foot),
naive, a., nalv.
naivety, n., naXwitet,
naked, a., nud.
nakedness, n., nuditet.
name, n., nom.
named — nervous
217
named, be, v., esar named,
namely, ad., e nom^.
name of, in the, p., In nom de.
nankeen, n., nankin.
nape of the neck, n., nuk.
napbtha, n., naft.
napkin, n., servlet.
narcissus, n., narsls.
narcosis, n., narlcotlsasion.
narcotic, a., narkotis^zf//..
narcotize, v., narkotisar.
narrate, v., narar.
narration, n., narasion.
narrow, a., stret.
narrow, v., sir^ifikar.
narrowness, n., stretitet.
narwhal, n., narval.
nasal, n., konsonant nasal.
nasty, a., vHan.
nation, n., naslon.
national, a., naslonal.
nationality, n., naslonal //^ (mer-
kantil).
merchandise, n., meriouit^.
merchant, n., merkant.
merchant, great, grand-ko-
mersant.
merciful, a., mlserlkord^5.
mercury, n., merktir.
mercy, n., miserikord.
\ txi^Tvd\^.tL, ti.^ meri4lan.
meridional — ^mingle
213
meridional, a., meridian//^.
merit, n., merit.
merit, v., meritar.
merry, a., alegr*
merry-go-round, n., kanisel.
mesenteric, a., mesenterlz/^
(mesenterik).
mesentery, n., mesenteri.
mesh, n., mail.
mess, n., platad (dish).
messenger, n., ntinsi.
Messiah, n., Meslas.
metal, n., metal.
metallic, a., metah'^.
metamorphose, v. , metamorf o-
sar,
metamorphosis, n., metamor-
fos.
metaphor, n., metafor.
metaphysics, n., metaflsik.
meteor, u., meteor.
meteorology, n., meteorologi.
meter, n., metr (measure of
length),
metropolis, n., metropol.
mew, v., kat-klamar.
Mexican, a., mekslka;^.
Mexico, n., Mekslk.
mezzanine, n., mesanin.
miasm, miasma, n., miasm.
microcephalous, a. , mikrokapik.
micrometer, n., tnikro-tnetr.
mid-day, n., medi-dium.
middle, n., medial.
middle, a., medlz^.
middle (midst), in the, ad., in
medial.
middle ages, n., medi-epok.
middle finger, medl-dig^t.
middleman, n., komers-medi-
ant.
middle of, in the, p., in medial
de.
midnight, n., medi-nolctu.
midnight, at, ad. , medi-nolctu^.
mien, n., mim.
might, n.,poteatitet (potens).
mighty, a., potent.
migrame, n., migren.
migrate, v., migrar.
mild, a., tendr.
mile, n., miliar.
militarism, n., military/;.
military, n., militar.
military, a., mlWtartk.
militia, n., milisl.
militia, a., vcAWsXan and de m.
milk, n., lakt.
milk, v., laktar.
Milky Way, n., galaksi.
mill, n., molin (for grinding);
mih>;^ [de dolar] (one-tenth
of a cent),
millet, n., millet.
million, nr., mllion.
millionaire, n., mllion^r.
mimic, v., simlrtr.
mimic art, n., mimlk.
mimics, n., mimlk.
mimosa, n., mimos.
mind, n., intelektu (intellect),
mind, v., konsidar (consider),
mind, be of a certain, esar de
sert sentiment.
minded, be, v., esar de sert
sentiment.
mine, n., min(ore, coal); pulvr-
min (military),
mine, v., tnXnar.
mine, pr., mle.
mineral, n., mineral.
mingle ^ v. tr., mlksar.
214
minimum — molecular
minimum, n., minimum.
mining, n., min-konstrua^z^^.
minister, n., mlnlstr (public
official).
ministry, n., minister (minis-
terial department).
minium, n., minium.
minority, n., minoritet.
mint, n., monet^W (for coining);
ment (bot.).
mint, v., monetar.
minute, n., minut.
minute, a., minusi<75.
minuteness, n., mlnuslositel.
minutia, n., minusi.
miracle, n., miralci.
miraculous, a., mirakl^ (mole-
molecule — moustacbe
molecule, n.. molekul.
mol^ v., molestar.
mollifj, v., TaoliAtar.
molluslc, n., roolusk.
molybdenum, n., mollbden.
moment, n., moment,
momentary, a. moment/i^.
monarch, □. monark.
monarchy, n., monorkia.
monastery, n., monaster.
Monday, n., lundl.
Monday, a., luadiin and de I.
money, n., mon.
money, ready, Q., feontant.
monk a. monaho.
monogram, n., monogram.
monologue, n., monolog.
monoprfy, n.. monopol.
monosyllBbic, a., monosilabi'^.
Ls, a. monoton.
, monstru.
. a. nuins-truos
mouth, n., mens
moutlily ad. omnl-
monunient, n., mODl
monumental, a., monumenti';^.
moon, n., tun.
Moor, u., moresk.
Moorish, a., moresk.
moral, a., minlt.
morality, h., moral;Vc/.
moral phil osophy , ii,, moralai/.
morals, n., moral ;'/rf (morality);
moraiail (science),
more. ad., plu.
morel, n., morel.
more (the) — the more, ad., plu —
ptu.
cover, ad., setre.
e times, ad., pln/oa.
morning, n., matin.
morning, in the, ad., matlDf.
morose, a,, mOfOfl.
morpliia, □. morfin.
morpliiue, u., morfin.
morsel, n., morsel.
mortal, a., mortal.
mortality, n., mortaliVf^.
mortgage, n., hipotek.
mortification, n., gangren (gan-
grene),
mortify, v., gangrenur (in-
mosaic, n., mosalk.
mosque, n., mosk^.
mosquito, u., mosklt.
moss. B., muski.
mossy, a., musklox.
most, ad., leplu.
most, at, ad.. leplu.
most, the, ad., leplu.
mostly, ad., leplu.
moth, n. tine.
mother, n., matr.
motion, n., mo\aswn (move-
ment); propO83JJ0« (pro-
motive, n., motlv.
motive, v., moUvni-.
motor, a., mov«/(j?- 1 motor).
motto, n.. moto.
mount, mountain, n., mont.
mount, v., asendnr- (ascend);
montar (make ready).
mountain range, n.. ntootaj.
mourn, v., luktUar-.
mournful, a., luktuo.t.
mourning, n., luktu.
moustache, n., mustak/.
216
mouth — name
mouth, n., bok (in general);
bokon (jaws),
movable, a., mov adl.
move, n., marsh (in chess),
move, v., movar ^disturb); mo-
tWar (motive, influence);
proposer (propose); marshar
(in chess),
movement, n., moyasion.
mow, v., f&lslar.
mow off, v., de-falslrtr.
Mrs., n., siniora.
much, a., mult.
much, ad., mult^.
much, not, ad., nemuXte.
much, so, ad., tSkXkte.
mucous, a., pituit^j.
mucus, n., pituit. -
mud, n., siim.
muddy, a., sWmos.
mulatto, n., mulat.
mulberry, n., maur-ber.
mulberry-tree, n., matir.
mulct, u., mulkt.
mulct, v., mulktrt/'.
mule, n., mul.
multiple, a., mult ///>/.
multiplicative, n., numeratlv
multlplikatlv.
multiply, V. , multipllk^r.
multitude, n., tnuXtitei.
mummy, n., mumi.
municipal, a., munislpai.
municipality, n., munlsipahV^/.
munition, u., munision (war
material),
murder, n., asBsXtkasion.
murder, v., asasinar.
murderer, n., asaslnator.
murmur, v., murmurar.
muscle, n., tnusUul.
muscular, a., muakulos,
muse, n., musa.
museum, n., mtis6.
mushroom, n., shampinfoa.
music, n., mtislk.
music, make (render), muslkar.
musical, a., mtisiko/.
musket, n., musket.
muslin, n., muslin.
must, n., most (new wine).
must, I == ml deb.
mustache, n., mustakt*.
mustard, n., mostard.
mute, a., mut.
mutilate, v., mutllar.
muzzle, n., museller (fasten-
ing); musel (snout).
my, pr., mie.
myopia, n., tnip^iiet.
myopic, a., miop.
myrrh, n., mir.
myrtle, n., mlrt.
myself, pr., aut (emphatic); mi
(reflexive).
mysterious, a., mlsterl^j.
mystery, n., mlsteri.
mystification, n.. mlstiflk^i^;i.
mystify, v., mistiflkar.
N
I nadir, n., nadir.
naiad, n., nayad.
\ nail, n., klav (pin); ungu (of
hand or foot).
naive, a., nalv.
naivety, n., naXyitet.
naked^ a., nud.
name , x . , tkftts^ar .
named-
-nervous
217
named, be, v., esar nomed.
namely, ad., e nom^.
name of, in the, p., In nom de.
nankeen, n., nankin.
nape of the neck, n., nuk.
naphtha, n., naft.
napkin, n., serviet.
narcissus, n., narsis.
narcosis, n., narhotlsasion .
narcotic, a., narkotlsani^
narcotize, v., narkotlsar.
narrate, v., narar.
narration, n., narasion.
narrow,' a., stret.
narrow, v., stretifikar.
narrowness, n., stretiUl.
narwhal, n., narvai.
nasal, n., konsonant nasal.
nasty, a., vilan.
nation, n., nasion.
national, a., nasional.
nationality, n., nasional//^/.
native, a., Indigen.
native country, native land, n.,
patria.
nativity, n., nat.
natrium, n. , natrium.
natural, a., naturik (natural),
naturalization, n., naturalisa-
sion.
naturalize, v., naturalisar.
naturally, ad., nature (natural^),
natural philosophy, n., fisik.
nature, n., natur.
nausea, n., natis^.
nauseate, v., nausear.
nauseous, a., nause^^.
navel, n., umbilik.
navigate, v., navigar.
navigation, n., navlgaston.
navy, n., tnarin.
near, a., prolcsim.
near, ad., proksim^.
near, near to, p., prolcsiniM.
near by, ad., proksim^.
nearly, ad., kuasi.
nearness, n., proksim//^/.
neat, a., net.
neatness, n., netitet.
nebulous, a., nebl^.
nose, n., nas.
nostril, n., naris.
not, ad., no.
notable, a., notadl.
notary, n., notar.
not at all, ad. , totals no.
note, n., not (notice) ; biiiet
(billet),
note, v., notar,
note-book, n., paplr-libr.
noted, a., seiebr.
nothing, pr., nolios,
notice, n., not.
notice, not, no observar.
notion, n., noslon.
not many, a. , ;;^muit.
not mnch, a., »^mult.
not only — but also, no sol^ —
maet.
notorious, a., noton'/^.
notwithstanding, ad., obstin^.
notwithstanding, p., obstin;/.
notwithstanding that, c. , obsti-
neke,
nought, nr., nut.
noun, n., substantiv.
nourish, v., Mmentar (feed);
nutriar (foster),
nourishing, n., allmentasion.
nourishment, n., aliment.
novelty, n., nowitet.
November, n., novembr.
novice, n., novisi.
now, ad., 5/temp^.
now and then, ad., keik/ba.
nowhere, ad., nolotiie.
now— then, ad., tempe — tewpe.
nubile, a., nubll.
nubility, n., nvhWitei.
nucha, n., nuk. -
nude, a., nud.
nudity, n., nuditeL
number, n., numr.
number, v., numrar.
numeral, n., numerativ.
numerator, n., nutnrator.
numerous, a., numros.
nun, n., monaka.
nuptials, n., nupt.
nurse, n., nvttiatora (wet).
nurse, v., mamelar (suckle);
nutriar (foster),
nurturing, n., aiXmkentasion,
nut, n., nus.
nutmeg, n., muskad.
nutriment, n., aliment.
nutritious, a., aWmentos.
nutritive, a. , BMraentos.
o
o ! , i., ol
oak, n., kuerk.
oar, n., rem.
oasis, n., oasi.
oath, n., yurad.
oath, on, ad., yurade.
oath, take, yurar.
oats, n., aven.
obedient, a., obedi^;//.
obelisk, n., obelisk.
obey, v., obedi^r.
obituary, n., nekrolog.
object, n., obyekt (thing); but
(aim),
object, v., obyekt^zr.
objective, a., obyelctiv.
obligation, u., obU^astow Cen-
220
oblige — on
oblige, "v., obligar (bind).
oblique, a., obliku.
obliqueness, n., obllkti//^/.
obliquity, n., obliku//^/.
oblivion, n., oblMasion (oblivi-
on).
oblivious, a., obllvlos.
obliviousness, n., obUvlosiM.
oblong, a., oblong.
obscene, a., obsen.
obscenity, n., obsen//^/.
obscure, a., obskur.
obscurity, n., obskunV^/.
observation, n., observa^^;;
(act of observing).
observe, v. , observe;' (notice ;
also follow).
obstacle, n., obstakl.
obstinacy, n., obstlnaston.
obstinate, a., obstina;//.
obstinate, be, obstinar.
obstruct, v., blokar.
obtain, v., obtenar.
obtuse, a., obtus.
obtusely, ad., obtuse.
obviate, v., obviar.
obviation, n., obviasiofi.
occasion, n., okasion.
occasion, v., okasioiuzr.
occasion, on, ad., okasion^.
occasion of, on the, p., oka-
sion//.
occasionally, ad., kelk/^a.
Occident, n., oksident..
occupation, n., okupaswn,
occupy, v., okupa; ^employ).
occupy one's self with some-
tlijn^, okupar se in kk.
occur, v., aveniar.
ocean, n., osean,
Oceanica, n., Oseania.
ochre, n., okr.
octette, n., oktet.
October, n., oktobr.
ocular, a., oktii/>^.
oculist, n., dkulisL
ode, n., od.
odious, a., odlos.
odor, n., odor.
of, p., de (possessive); di (con-
cerning).
offend, v., ofendar.
offended, be, v., esar dended.
offer, n., ofr<
offer, v., ofrar.
office, n., Otis (calling); ofislii
(place of business); kontor
(counting-room).
officer, D., ofisir (military,
naval).
official, a. , ofis/^ (ofisial).
officiate, v., funlcslonar.
often, ad., frekuent^.
oh !, i., ol
oil, D., oie.
oil, v., olear.
oily, a., oleos (containing oil);
olealr (oleaginous).
ointment, n., unguent.
old, a., ansian.
old man, n., ansian.
older, a., senior.
oleaginous, a., oleo/r.
oleander, n , oleandr.
olive, n., oil v.
omelet, n., omlet.
omen, n., omin.
ominous, a., onAtkJS.
omit, v., omitar.
otv, "^.^ waL Vvslv^tsIV^ ^ V55s^^ses»r
once— organize
221
once, ad., prelonge (formerly);
unfoa (oDe time),
once again, ad., aakor/oa,
once more, ad., ankor/ba.
one, Dr., un.
one, pr. ind., on.
one, the, pr. dem., tel.
one (the)---the other, pr., un —
otr.
one-eyed, a., monookulik.
one-horse, a., monok.ayaiik,
oneness, d., utkitet.
one*8 self , pr., aut (emphatic);
se (reflexive). See •' herself."
one-year, a., monosnuik.
onion, n., bulb.
only, a., soi.
only, ad., sole,
onyKf D., oniks.
opal, n., opal.
open, v., aperlar.
opening, n., aperiad.
opera, n., opr.
opera-glass, n., binokl.
operate, v., operar.
operation, n., operasion.
operator, n., operator.
opinion, n., opinion.
opium, n., opium.
opportune, a., oportun.
opportunely, ad., oportun^.
opportunity, n., okaslon.
oppose, v., oposar.
opposite (to), p. , kontr.
oppositely, ad., kontr^.
opposition, d., oposasion (opo-
sision).
oppress, v., opresar.
optative, n., optativ.
optical, a., optlka/.
optician, n., optikisL
optics, n., optik.
optimist, n., optimist.
opulent, a., opulent.
or, c, u.
oracle, d., orakl.
oral, a., oral.
orally, ad., oral^.
orange, n., oranj.
orange, Seville, oranj amer.
orange-colored, a., oranj-kolo-
tik.
oration, n., or asion.
orator, n., orator.
orchestra, d., orkestr.
orchestrate, v., orkestrar.
ordain, v., ordonar (order).
order, n., ord (arrangement) ;
ordon^^^i^;; (prescription);
ordn (religious or secular);
\iOm\tasion (bespeaking);
komand (command).
order, v., ordar (arrange); ordo-
nar (prescribe); komitir (be-
speak, send for); komandar
(command).
order in advance, komitar
avans^.
order of, by, p., sek^aaniu ko-
mand de.
order that, in, c, a fini ke.
ordinal, n., numerativ ordinal.
ordinance, n., ordonasion.
ordinary, a., ordinar.
ore, n., ^r, n., plum.
penalty, n., puni.
penance, n., penitens.
penance, do, fasiar penitens.
pencil, n., kray on (lead-pencil;;
pinsi (artist's).
pendulum, n., pendul.
penetrate, v., penetrrzr.
peninsula, n., peninsul.
penitence, n., repent.
penitent, n., penitent. .
penitent, a., penitent.
pension, n., pension.
pension, v., pensioner.
pentameter, r\., penta-metr.
Pentecost, n., pentekost.
peony, n., peoni.
people^ n., popi (populace); on
(as, on dik, people say).
people, v., poplar.
pepper, n., pepr.
pepper, v., pepr^r.
peptone, n., pepton.
perceive, v., persept^r (ob-
serve); sentiar (be sensible
of); sensuar (by the senses).
per cent, n., prosent.
perceptible, a., sentXabl.
percuss, v., perkut^r.
percussion, n., p^rliVLtasio 71
(perkusion).
perfect, a., perfekt.
perfect, v., perfektZ/f^^zr (make
perfect); per-fasi^r (consum-
mate).
perfection, n., periektitet (per-
feksion).
perfect Ve,x\^^, \.\i^ ^^\l^<^v, x>..^
perieVt.
224
parishioner — patrician
parishioner, n., paroldan,
park, n., park.
parley, v., parlamentar.
parliament, n., parlament.
parochial, a., paroiklan.
parody, n., parodi.
parquet, n., parket.
parrot, n/, papagay.
parsley, n., petrosel.
parsnip, n., pastlnak.
part, n., parti (portion) ; rol
(character).
part, v., partlar (divide).
part, for the most; in great
part, ad., grand-partis.
part, in, ad., partis.
parterre, n., parter.
partial, a., partisan/ (partisan).
partially, ad., partis.
participate, v., partisipar.
participial adverb, adverb
partisip/^.
participle, n., partisip.
particle, n., parsel (small por-
tion); partiki (gram. ).
particular, a., partikular.
particularism, n., partikula-
rt'sfft.
particularity, n. , partikulanVs/.
particularly, ad., partikulars.
partisan, n., partisan;.
partisan, a., partisan/.
partition, n., pariet (wall).
partition, v., partiar (divide into
shares).
partly, ad., partis.
partner, n., partner.
partnership, silent, komandit.
part of speech, parol-soft.
partn'dg^e, n., perdlks.
P^ty, n., partis.
|)arty, a., partisa;^.
pasha, n., pasiia.
pasquinade, n., pasktiii.
pass, n., pasport (passport),
pass (by, away, through), v.,
pasar.
passage, n., pasaj.
passenger, n., pasajer.
passion, n., pasion.
passion, fall into a, deveniar
pasion^^.
passionate, a., pasion^^.
passive, n., pasiv (voice),
passive, a., pasiv.
passiveness, n., paslvitet.
pass over, v., ptksar (set on the
other side),
passport, n., pasport.
paste, n., past (dough),
paste, v., glutinar.
pasteboard, n., karton.
pasteboard box, n., skat til;
papir-kest.
paste on, v., sti-gltitinar.
pastor, n., pastor.
pastry,- n., pastet.
pasture, n., pasttir.
pasture, v. tr. and intr., pasttl-
rar.
Patagonia, n., Patagon/a.
patella, n., patel.
patent, n., patent.
path, n., al6.
path-like, a., alealr.
patience, n., paslentUel (pasi-
ens).
patience, have, avar pasienti-
tet (pasiens).
pharmaceutic — pineapple
227
phannaceutic, a., farmasii^
(farmaseutik).
pharmacist, n., iarmasiisl.
pharmacy, n., farmasi (science);
apotek (drugstore),
pharynx, n., faring.
pheasant, n., fasan.
phenomenon, n., fenomen.
philologist, n., lingua,;/.
philosopher, n., fllosof.
philosophic, a., fllosof k'^ (filo-
sofik).
philosophize, v., filosofar.
philosophy, n., fllosofi.
phlegm, n., pituit (mucus);
flegmat (coolness),
phlegmatic, a., fleginat/>&.
phl^matic person, flegma-
tiker.
phonetic, a., fonetika/.
phonetics, n., fonetik.
phonograph, n., fonograf.
phosphorus, n., fosfor.
photograph , n. , foto-grafad.
photograph, \.,/oto-graJar.
photographer, n.,/otO'gra/.
photometer, n,,foto-meir.
phrase, n., fras.
phthisical, a., ftisk'^ (ftisik).
phthisis, n., ftisl.
physical, a., fisika/.
physician, n., medik.
physicist, n., iisHkist.
physics, n., fislk.
physiognomic, a., fisionomh'^
(fisionomik).
physiognomist, n., iXsiononAist
(fisionomist).
^ysiognomy, n., fisionomi.
pianist, n., pianoisl (pianist).
piano, n., piano.
piano, upright, n., ptanlii.
pianoforte, n., piano.
picarian, a., plkh'^ and de p.
pick, v., karpar (pluck); bekar
(peck),
pickle, v., mariner.
pickled food, marina^/.
picture, n. , lmag(image); pikto^/
(painting),
picturesque, a., pltoresk.
pie, n., pastet (pastry); tart
(tart),
piece, n., pies.
pierce, v., persar.
pietism, n., ^Xetism.
pietist, n., piet/5/.
piety, n., plet.
pig, n., pork.
pigeon, n., kolumb.
pike, n., pik (spear); Ink (fish),
pilaster, n., plfastr.
pile, n., kumul (heap),
pile, v., kumular.
pilgrim, n., peregrin.
pilgrimage, n., peregrina^/V?;/.
pilgrimage, go on (make), pere-
grinar.
pill, n., pilul.
pillar, n., kolumn.
pill-box, n., skatul^^.
pilot, n., pilot.
pilot, v., pilot^zr.
pimple, n., pustul.
pimpled, a., pustuld?^.
pin, n., spil.
pince-nez, n., plns^r.
pincers, n., pins.
pinch, v., pinsar.
pinchbeck, n.^ tombak,
pine, ii.,^\tk*
\ p\neavpV^>'»-^
226 perfidious-
-phantom
perfidious, a., perfld.
perfidy, n., petiUiUl,
persecute, v.. paraekuor.
perforate, v., lorar.
perform, v., prestar (render).
persevere, v., perseverar.
Persia, n., Persia.
performance, n, , pTCBtasion (do-
ing).
person, a., person.
perfume, n., parfum.
personal aaine, Dom perMlul.
perfume, v., partumar.
personal pronoun, prooom
perhaps, ad., poslbl^.
personal.
peril, n., perikl.
perspective, n., perspektiv.
perilous, a- perlkloj.
perspective, a.,perspekUvi:e:.
period, n., period (time); punkt
perspicacious, a., persplkas.
(dot).
penodical, n., dlurn^.
perspire, v., transpim*-.
peripheric, a., perilerij,* (peri-
terik).
(persuasion).
periphery, n., peHferi.
pertinent, a. , pertinent.
perish, v., periar.
perjure (one's self), v., peryu-
I'eru, 11., Peru.
perverse, a., pervers.
periured, a., peryarlos.
perversely, ad,, perver».
perjury, n., peryuri.
perversity, n., pttrvenilel.
permanence, n., pernumasioii.
pessimist, n., peslmlst.
permanent, a., permanan/.
pest, n., peat.
permission, a., permit.
pestilence, n., peat.
pemiissioD forj, have, war
petition, v., petlsioanr.
permiBsio.iof,by{with), p., ko
petrify, v., pttTifiAar.
petroleum, n.. prtnrie.
permit de.
permit, v., permltir.
petrous, a., petrair.
permutation, n., permtitn.
petticoat, n.. yup. _
permute, v.. permutar.
pettiness, n., mlntuiosiUi.
perpendicular, a., perpendlku-
petty, a., mlnuslo.;.
rar.
petulance, n., petulantt/f'
perpetual, a., perpetu.
(petulans).'
perpetually, ad., perpetu^,
petulant, a , petulant.
pew, n.,Skaninu.
perplex, v., perpleksa/-.
pfennig, n., fenig.
perplexed, a., perplekSAf.
pbalanx, n., lalaag.
perplexity, n., perplekBttel.
■pbawtom, n„ tantom.
plenitude — populous
229
plenitude, n., plenilet.
plenty, n., pleniteL
plot, n., komplot (complot).
plover, n., vanel.
plow, n., plug.
plow, v., plugar.
pluck, v., karpar.
plum, n., prun.
plumage, n., plumaj.
plummet, d., sond.
plunge, v., plonjar (dive);
mergar (immerse),
pluperfect, n., pluskuamper-
fekt.
plural, n., plural.
plush, n., plush.
pluvious, a., pluvl^^.
ply, n., plik.
pocket, n., vest-sak.
pocket, v., In-sakar.
pocket-handkerchief, n., drap
desak.
pod, n., slllk.
podagra, n., podagr.
podium, n., podium.
poem, n., poem.
poesy, n., poesi.
poet, n., poet.
poetic(al), a., poet/>.
poetize, v., poetise;-.
poetry, n., poesi.
point, n., punkt (dot); punt
(tip),
point, V. . punUtar (dot),
point of view, punkt de vis.
point out, V. , monstr^/'.
poise, V. iutr., balans^r/-.
poison, n., venen.
poison, v., venena;-.
poisonous, a., venenos.
poi'sonousness, n., venenositet.
Poland, n., Polon^'a.
Polar Sea, mar Qlas^V^.
pole, n., stang (bar); pol (astr.,
physics); pal (post),
police, n., polisl.
policy, n. , polls (insurance),
polish, n,, polia^ (finish),
polish, v., zXntifikar (smooth);
pollar (grind),
polished, a., glat (smooth),
polite, a., polit.
politeness, n., poXititet.
political, a., polltlka/.
politics, n., politik.
polka, n., polka.
polyglot, n., pollglot.
polyglot, a., pollglot2>.
polygon, n.,^//angul.
polypus, n., polip.
polytechnic, a. , ^/tteknlka/.
polytechnics, n., /<7/{teknlk.
pomade, n., pomad.
pomade, v., pomad^r.
Pomerania, n., Pomeran/a.
pomp, n., pomp.
pompous, a., pompos.
pond, n., stag^n.
ponder, v., konsiderar.
ponderable, a., ponderabl.
poniard, n., punlard.
poniard, v., puniard^r.
pontoon, n., ponton.
pony, n., kaval^/.
pool, n., stag^n.
poor, a., povr.
pope, n., pap.
poppy, n., papavr.
popular, a., popular.
popularity, n., popular//^'/'.
popu\a\.e, \ .> ipQ^Xar .
popu\ous, ?L., V^\\o^.
230
porcelain — prayer
porcelain, n., porselan.
pore, n., por.
port, n., port.
portal, n., portal.
porte-monnaie, n., portinoii6.
portend, v., ominar.
portent, n., omin.
portentous, a., aminos .
portfolio, n., portfoH.
portico, n., portik.
portion, n., porsion.
portrait, n., portret.
portray, v., portretar.
Portugal, n., Portugal^.
position, n., pos (site); stand
(standing),
positive, a., positiv.
positive degree, the positive, n.,
positiv.
positively, ad., positive.
positiveness, n., posltlvzV^/.
positivism, n., positiv ww.
possess, v., posesar.
possession, n., poses.
possessions, n., posesa^.
possessive pronoun, p r o n o m
posesiv.
possibility, n., poslbUV^/.
possible, a., posibl.
possibly, ad., posibl^.
post, n., pal (pole); post (mail),
post, v., aflshar (bills),
postage, n., porto.
postage stamp, n., post- mark.
postal card, n., post-kart.
post-card, n., post-kart.
poster, n., afish.
posterior, a., posterior.
posteriority, n., posterior iiet.
posteriorly, ad., posteriory.
posterity, n., posteritet.
posthumous, a., posthum.
postil(l)ion, n., postilion.
postpone, v., adiumar (put oi!).
posture, n., pos.
pot, n., pot.
potash, n., potash.
potassium, n., kalium.
potato, n., potat.
potato, sweet, n., batat.
potency, n., potent//^/ (poteos).
potent, a., potent.
potsherd, n., vas-fragment.
pottery, n., fayans.
pouch, n., sak.
poultice, n., kataplasm.
pound, n., livr (weight),
pour, v. tr., versar.
pour into, v., In-yersar,
pour off, v., do-yersar,
pour out, V. , eks-versar (trans.),
poverty, n., fHiyritel.
powder, n., pulvr (gunpowder;
also dust); pudr (toilet),
powder, v., pulvrar ((pulveri-
sar) pulverize) ; pudrar (toilet,
etc.)
power, n., potent^'/^/ (potensj.
powerful, a., potent (potent);
for£ (strong). [let.
practicability, n., pralctika^/i-
practicable, a., praktikad/.
practical, a., pralctika/.
practice, n., praktik.
practise, v., pralctUcar.
praise, n., laud.
praise, v., laudar.
prattle, v., babiliar.
pray, v., prekar (to the deity);
pregar (request).
229
plenitude, n., flvaitel.
plenty, n., plenHel.
plot, n., komplot (complot).
plover, n., vanel.
plow, n., plug.
plow, v., plUEar.
pluck, v., tcarpar.
plum, n., prun.
plumage, n., piutnaj.
plummet, d., sood.
plunge, v., ploajar (dive);
mergar (immerse).
pluperfect, n., pluskiuimper-
lekt.
plural, D., pInnU.
plnsh, a., plush.
pluvious, a. pluvlos.
ply, n., pllk.
pocket, n., vest-sak.
pocket, v., In-Mkar.
pocket-handkerchief, n., drtip
desafc.
pod, n.. sIlOc.
podagra, u.. podagr.
podium, n., podinm.
poem, n., poem.
poesy, n., poesi.
poet, n.. poet.
poetic(al), a., poeti*.
poetize, v., poetisii*-.
poetry, n., poesi.
point, n., punkt (dot); punt
(tip),
point, v., punktai (dot).
point of view, punkt de vis.
point out, v., tnonstrjj-.
poise, V. intr.. baiunsar.
poison, n,, venen.
poison, v., veneno/-.
poiaoaoas. a. . veneoas.
poiaonoasiiess, n., veneoositet.
th);
Poland, a., PolOUiii.
Polar Sea, mar Qtaxik.
I pole, n., Btang (bur); pol (astr.
j physics); pal (post).
; police, n., pollsl.
I policy, n.. polls linsurance).
polish, n., poWad (liiiish)
polish, v.. glati/finr (sm
pollur (grind),
polished, a., gtat (smooth).
polite, a., pollt.
politeness, n., polXtUei.
political, a., pV^^-
230
porcelain — ^prayer
porcelain, n., porselan.
pore, n., por.
port, n., port.
portal, n., portal.
porte-monnaie, n., portmon^.
portend, v., omlnar,
portent, n., omin.
portentous, a., oiniiu?^.
portfolio, n., portfoli.
portico, n., portik.
portion, n., porsion.
portrait, n., portret,
portray, v., portretar.
Portugal, n., Portugal/^.
position, n., pos (site); stand
(standing),
positive, a., positiv.
positive degree, the positive, n.,
positiv.
positively, ad., positive.
positiveness, n., |>ositiv//^/.
positivism, n., posit! vww.
possess, v., posesar.
possession, n., poses.
possessions, n., posesa^.
possessive pronoun, pronom
poseslv.
possibility, n., poslbl//^/.
possible, a., posibl.
possibly, ad., posibl^.
post, n., pal (pole); post (mail).
post, v., aflshar (bills).
postage, n., porto.
postage stamp, n., post- mark.
postal card, n., post-kart.
post-card, n., post-kart.
poster, n., afish.
posterior, a., posterior.
posteriority, n., posterior//^/.
/>osteriorly, ad., posteriory.
posterity, n., posteritet.
posthumous, a., postiiiiiii.
postil(l)ion, n., postilion.
postpone, v., adiumar (put off),
posture, n., pos.
pot, n., pot.
potash, n., potash.
potassium, n., kalium.
potato, n., potat.
potato, sweet, n., batat.
potency, n., potent//^/ (potens).
potent, a., potent.
potsherd, n., vas-fragment.
pottery, n., fayans.
pouch, n., sak.
poultice, n., kataplasm.
pound, n., livr (weight),
pour, v. tr., versar.
pour into, v., Xn-yersar,
pour off, v., de-vers/ir.
pour out, V. , eks-vers«r (trans.),
poverty, n., povtitet,
powder, n., pulvr (gunpowder;
also dust); pudr (toilet),
powder, v., pulwar ((pulveri-
sar) pulverize) ; pudrar (toilet,
etc.)
power, n., potenttV^/ (potens).
powerful, a., potent (potent);
fort (strong). [tet.
practicability, n., praktikaM-
practicable, a., praktikad/.
practical, a., pralrtika/.
practice, n., praktik.
practise, v., pralctilcar.
praise, n., laud.
praise, v., laudar.
prattle, v., babiliar.
pray, v., prekar (to the deity);
pregar (request),
prayer, n., prek (to the deity);
V^^X (^request).
promulgate — pseudonym
233
promulgate, v., publikar.
prong, n., dent.
pronoun, n., pronom.
pronounce, v., pronunslar.
pronunciation, n., pronunsi-
asion.
proof, n., pnif (demonstration);
prov (test),
prop, n., suport.
prop, v., suportar.
piopagate, v., propagar.
propagation, n., ptopagasion .
proper, a., konvena^/ (suitable);
propr (own),
proper, be, konvenar.
properly, ad., propr^.
property, n., propritet (owner-
ship); posesad (possessions).
pro. hesy, v., proietar.
prophet, n., profet.
proportion, n., proporsion.
proportion, v., proporsion^';'.
proposal , n . , proposasion.
propose, v., proposer.
proposition, n., proposision.
proroj^ue, v., suspender.
prosaic, a., prosAik.
proscribe, v., proskribar.
prose, n., prosa.
prosodic, a., prosodi/^ (proso-
dik).
prosody, n., prosodi.
prospect, n., aspekt (view).
prosper, v., prosperar 'thrive).
prosperity, n., prosper itet.
protect, v., protekt^r.
protection, n., protelitasion
(proteksion).
protector, n., protelctator (pro-
tektor).
protest, n., protest.
protest, v., protester.
Protestant, n., protest^z///.
Protestant, a., protest^z;z/.
Protestantism, n., protest^z;/-
hsm.
protocol, n., protokol.
protocol, v., protokolar.
prototype, n., prototip.
protuberance, n., taherosiiet .
protuberant, a., tub^ros.
proud, a., orgul^^.
proud of, be, esar OT^^\os di kk.
prove, v., prufrtr (demonstrate);
provar (test); demonstrar
se (show one's self).
proverb, n., proverb.
provide, v. , iurnar (furnish);
klausular (by clauses),
provided that, c, suposa;//^ ke.
province, n., provins. [ply),
provision, n., provision (sup-
provisional, a., provison>.
provisionally, ad., provisory?.
proviso, n., klausui.
provoke, v., provoker (chal-
lenge),
proximate, a., proksim.
proximity, n., proksim//^/.
proxy, n., proiiurist (person);
prokur (thing),
prudence, ii., prudent//^/ (pru-
dens).
prudent, a., prudent.
prudery, n., prudilel.
prudish, a., prud.
prudishness, n., prudilel.
prurient, be, pruri^r.
Prussia, n., Prusta.
psalm, n., psaim.
pseudoTV^tn, TV.. , ^ s c u d o'^^xa.
(^pseAidoTk.vttO\ .
pninogeniture — promote
primogeniture, ii., primog%al-
tur,
primrose, ii.. prim).
prince, n., prias.
principal, a., prlnslpal.
principally, ad., pftnslpslf.
principial, a., piinslpi>.
principle, n.. prlnslp.
principle, relating to, prinsip/^.
print, v„ Imprlm.i' .
printer n., tlpograf.
printing office, n.. imprlmcn'.
prior, a., prior.
priority, n., prlor;/c/.
prism, n.. prism-
prison, n., prison.
prisoner, n.. prlSOtk''',
pristine, a., pristln.
private, a., privat.
privilege, n.. priviieg.
privilege, v., privllegdJ',
privy, n,, kloset.
privy-vault, ii., latrin.
prize, n.. preml ipreuiiuuii:
kaptrtrf (capliu-e, hooiyl,
prbe, make a, Ualir kaptiH/.
])robable, a , probobl.
probably, ad , probablf
probe, n,, sond.
probe, v., sondiU'.
problem, ],, problem.
jiroboscis, ii , probosk.
procedure, n., prosed.
proceed, v., proaedar (actl.
proceed from, v., provenii7r.
proceeditig, n.. prosed.
process, n,, prosed,
procession, n., prosesion.
proclaim, v , proklam^j.
proclainatioa, n .proktamasioii,
procreate, v., g'enerii;'.
procrealor, n., geBeealor.
procuration, n., prokur.
procurator, n., prokurisl.
, procure, v.. obteiiit>- (obtain);
prokurac (effect),
prodigal, n,, prodlg.
prodigal, a., prodlsiit.
prodigal, be, prodlgar,
prodigality, n., prodigiuu^n,
produce, v., produktar- (make);
renter (yield); prolongar
(lengthen).
, product, n., produkt.
: profane, a., profani^.
profane, v,. profanar, [pationj.
profession, n.. profeslon (occu-
professor, n , profesor.
proffer, v., otrar. ■
profile, n., profit.
profit, n., profit.
profit, v., profitar
profitable, a,, lukratlv.
profound, a., prolund.
prognosis, n., pn^^os.
prognoslicatf, v., prognosar.
programme, n., program.
progress, a., progres.
progress, v., progresaf.
' prohibit, v., Inhtblor.
project, n., proyekt.
project, v., proyekfc»- (design),
prologue, n,, prolog.
prolong, v.. prolongs''.
proloiigaUoii, ii.. proloBgaiHin.
promenade, n., promeam^
promenade, v., promenar.
promise, n., promet.
promise, v.. prometar.
promontory, n., prottiontori.
promote, v., promo var.fur-
■iherV
putrefy — radish
235
putrefy, v., putreskar,
putrid, a., putr.
put up, v., desendar (at inn).
puzzle, n., enlgmat.
puzzled, a., perpleiksed.
pygmy, n., nan.
pyramid, n., piramid.
Pyrenees, n., mont/ Plreneik.
pyrite, n., piiit.
pyrotechnic, a., piroteknlka/.
pyrotechnics, n., piroteknik.
quadrant, n., kuadrant.
quadrat, n., kuadrat.
quadratic, a., kuadratz>.
quadrille, n., kuadiili.
quadrillion, nr. , k u a d r i I i o n
(1,000,000,000,000,000).
quake, v., trembler.
Quaker, n., kuekr.
qualify, v%, kuaHtfikar.
qualitative, a., kualitaitiv.
quality, n., kuahV^/.
quantitative, a., kuantitatlv.
quantity, n., Vaxwititet.
quarantine, n., kuaranten.
quarrel, n., kuerel.
quarrel, v., kuerelar.
quarter, n., kuartierCin a city);
un kuart {%).
quartette, n., kuartet.
quartz, n., kuarts.
quash, v.,.anular.
quay, n., kay. [in chess).
queen, n., rega (sovereign ; also
question, n., kuestion.
question, v., interogar (inter-
rogate}; dublar dl kk (doubt
of).
quick, a., rapid.
quick ! ; be quick ! , i., hast^.^
quick as lightning, ad., rapids
kual^ fulmin.
quicksilver, n., merkur.
quiet, n., kuiet.
quiet, a., trankil.
quiet, V. tr., kalmar.
quince, n., kuidon.
quinine, n., kinin.
quintal, n., sent-livr.
quintessence, n., kulnt-esens.
quintette, n., kuintet.
quintillion, nr., kuintlllon
(i ,000,000,000,000,000,000).
quite, ad. , totals (wholly);
sufis^ (sufficiently),
quittance, n., kuit.
quoin, n., koin.
quoit, n., disk.
quota, n., knot.
quotation mark, sig^n de sl-
tasion,
quote, v., %itar.
quotient, n., kuosient.
R
rabbi, rabbin, n., rabin.
rabbit, n., kunilcl.
rabble, n., kanall.
race, n., ras (breed); kvitson
(run),
race, v., kuvsonar,
race-course, n., kvitsoneri.
racer, n., kvitsoner,
radial, a., radl/^ (radial),
radiate, v., radiar.
radical, n., radik.
radical , ai., t«A\Wal ,
radish, n . , rtA\s •
234
public — putrefacion
public, n., publik.
publication, n., edltasion ((edi-
sion) the act).
publish, v., edltar (as a book);
publikar (promulgate); afi-
shar (post up).
publisher, n., editalor ((editor)
issuer).
puerile, a., pueril.
puerility, n., puerih'/^/.
puif, puffing, n., reklam (in
newspaper) ; halit (whiff).
puff, v., halitar.
pull, v., tlrar.
pulley, n., rulaj.
pulp, n., pulp.
pulpit, n., katedr.
pulpous, a., pulpos.
pulpousness, n., pulpositel.
pulpy, a., pulp^5.
pulsate, v., pulsar.
pulse, n., puis (motion of
artery); leguinllU?^/ (legumi-
nous plants).
pulverize, v., pulvrar (pulveri-
ser).
pumice, n., pomis.
pumice, v., pomlsar.
pump, n.„pump.
pump, v., pumpar.
punch, n., punsh (liquor).
punctual, a., punktual.
punctuality, n., punktuaUV^A
punctuate, v., Interpunktar.
punctuation, n., Interpunkta-
sion.
punctuation marks, sign/ de
Interpunktasicn.
puncture, v., piker.
punish, v., punlar.
punishment, n., pUfll.
pupil, n., puplla (of eye); elev
(scholar); pupil (ward).
puppet, n., marionet.
purdiase, v., akuirar.
pure, a., pur (clean); kast
(chaste).
purgation, n., pnrzasion.
purgative, a., put%aiiv.
purge, v., purgar.
purify, v., putifikar.
Puritan, n., purite;^.
puritanic(al), a., puritan.
puritanism, n., puritanism,
purity, n., puritet (cleanness);
Icastitet (chastity).
purple, n., puipur.
purpose, n., Intent.
purpose, v., desinar.
purse, n., bors.
pursue, v., persekuer (perse-
cute).
purveyor, n., iumator.
pus, n., vXserad.
push, n., pus.
push, v., pusar.
push off, v., de-puser.
pustule, n., pustul.
pustulous, a , pastvlos.
put, V , metar. [off).
put away, v., apo-pusar (cast
put before, v., presenter (pre-
sent).
put in, v., In-meter.
put in parentheses, meter In
parentesi.
put into, v., ad-border (touch
at).
put off, v., adiumer (defer).
put on, v., su-meter (lay on).
put over, V. , trans-meter.
\ pYiVTtia.cl\on, n., putreskaston.
237
reason, v., resonar.
reason, for tbat, ad., iektiuse.
reason, for this. ad., sikauae.
reason, principal, kuis prtnsi-
reasonable. a., resoaas.
reWe, n.. rabat.
rebate, v., rtibatar.
rebel, n., rebel.
rebel, v., rebelitr.
rebns, n.. rebus.
recall, v.. reklam**' (reclaim).
recapitulate, v.. Ttkapitular.
receipt, n,. kuJt (quittance);
resept (recine).
receipt^ v., itultar.
receive, v.. reslvnr
recently, ad., nHongf.
recipe, n., resort.
reciprocal, a., reslprok.
recite, v., resititr.
reckon, v.. kalkul.ir
Teckouin);, n., kalkul (calcula-
tion): nota (bill).
reclaim, v., reklam<;r.
recognize, v. rfkonosiir
recollect, v., memorlar.
recommend, v., rekoitieodii/-.
recompense, n., rekompens,?-
recompense. \
rekoinpensui
Z-sk„r (conva
, stMcskasion (con-
valescence), fcreatit
recreate, v.. rekre.if- (take
recreation, n.. rekre,i,i/.>«
recruit, u., rekrut,
recniit, v., rekrutar (raise sol-
rectify, v., reMi/iiat:
rectitude, n,. rekti'/r/.
rector, n., rektor.
red. a., rub.
red, color, v.. rubifitar.
redden, v., mbesAar(lo become
red); rubyi,*!!* (to color red),
redeem, v., redlmar.
redeemer, n., redlmaior (re-
demptor).
redemption, n,, r^lmasiort (re-
dempsion).
reduce, v., mlnuar.
reed, n., kan.
reel, li., gulDd.
reel, v., gulniar.
refer, \'., relerur (report); alu-
dar (allude),
reference, ii,. referad (report);
A\uaiision (allusion).
I refine, v rallna/-
I reflect, v,, relleksa;- (pbysical-
ly); reflekturlmeditalei.
I reflection, n., refleksipbysicall.
' reflexive pronoun, proDom re-
lleksiv.
reflexive verb, verb refleksiv.
' reform. ii,, relonti.
reform, v.. reformuj-,
' reformation, n., relormaijoH.
reformer, n., retormn^or.
refract, v., iviraagar,
refraiufroni, v., abstiniif.
refrangibilitv, n., retraapib/i-
tet).
refrangible, a., retrsazabl.
refresh, v., restaurar (revive):
j-Hreskar (cool).
refuge, n., refugl.
I retuge, VaV.e,t«A\k^v.
I refusaV n.-t^tta.
236
radius — reason
radius, n.. radi.
rage, n., itiri.
ra^e, v., turlar.
rail, n., rels.
rail at, v., Inyuri^r.
railing, n., inyuri (abuse),
railroad, railway, n., rels-rut.
railroad car, n., vagon.
rain, n., pluvi.
rain, v., pluviar.
rainbow, n., Iris.
rainy, a., pluvi^^.
raise, v., \e\ar (lift); erektar
(as a flag); Kari/i/^ar (prices).
raised, a., relief //t (relief),
raisin, n., rosin.
rake, n., rastr.
rake, v., rastr^r.
ramify, v., rami/ikar.
ramp, n., ramp.
rampart, n., rampart.
rancid, a., ransid.
rancidity, rancidness n., ransi-
rancor, n., ranlcor.
range, v. tr., ranga/'(rank).
rank, n., rang.
rank, v. tr., rangar.
ransom, v., redlm^r.
ranunculus, n.. ranunld.
rapacious, a., rapas.
rapacity, n., rapasifef.
rape, n., raps (bot.).
rapid, a., rapid.
rapidity, n., rapid //r/.
rapier, n., espad.
rapture, n., ravlasion.
rare, a., rar,
rarefy, v., rarijikar.
rarely, ad., rare.
rareness, n., raritet.
rarity, n., tatitet.
rascal, n., brikon.
rash, a., temer.
rashness, n., temeriiet.
rasp, n., rasp,
rasp, v., raspar.
raspberry, n., frambos.
rat, n., rat.
rate, n., taks.
rate, v., taiksar,
rather, ad., plu volontar
tion).
FOgue — Russian- speaking person
rogue, n,, brtkon.
roll. n.. rul (cylinder); restetr
(fegister).
roll, v., rular (hriug into form
of cylinder]; lamliiar (lami-
nate)
roof, n.. tekt.
roof, v,.iektar.
rook, n., turi (iu chess).
room, n., kamr (chamber);
spasi (space).
roomy, a., apaalcs.
root, n.. radlk.
root out, v.. de-radlkar-.
root up, v., de-radlkur.
roi>e. n., kordon.
roscid, a. rosUi aiid tie r.
rosemary, n., rosmaria.
rot, v.. putn-siur
rotate, v. Jntr.. rotor (revolve).
rotation, n., rotiwion,
rotten, a., putr,
rottine, n,, putresiasion.
rotund, a., rotond.
rouble, n,. rubl.
rough, a., rud(rude),
Roumania, n., Rumani'ii.
Roumelia, a.. Rumelia.
round, a., rotond.
T«tnd, v., rotondi/r^iTj .
rttond about, ad., slrka.
■round off, v., rotondi/iiar.
rouse, v., ekaltaf.
route, n., nit<
row. n., rang.
row, v., remar.
row, place in, eeiiar.
nib, v., trtkar.
rubber, a., Icaucuk (India).
rubbing, n., tttkasion.
rubidium, n , mbldlum.
ruble, n., nibl.
rubric, n., mbrlk.
rubricate v., rubrikir^,
ruby, a., nibln.
rude, a., rud,
rudeness, n,, ruAiiet.
rudiments, n. pi., rudlilMBti'.
rue, a., ruta.
ruffle, n., manshel (cu6).
., niln (as of building,
dty); Tulaasioa (the act).
n., regl.
V,, ngaai- (reign); lliriai
aw lines on).
, n., ngaaior (sovereign).
ru minor.
1., ntmlaasiott.
rumor, n., rumor.
' rumor, v., rumoror.
rump, n, , km pa.,
I run about, v., Slrkl-andiir.
I run away, v.. deserter.
'. mnner, n., kursoner.
run over, v. intr., tnuts-flnar.
I rupture, n., ruptad.
', rupture, v., niptor.
rural, a., kanipestr.
rusk, a., bisklt.
Russia, n., Rusta.
Russian, n., rusian.
Russian, a., rusian (pertainiii|
j to Russia) ; fusii (relattog h
the Russiau language). 1 1
\ ^-aeawa-^^iking. a., mabf. le
rustic — satin
243
rustic, n., mstik.
rustic, a., nistik.
ruthenium, n., rutenlum.
rye, n., rog.
sable, n., sobl.
sabre, n., sabr.
sacerdotal, a., presbltrz>^.
sack, n., sak (bag).
sacrament, n., sakrament.
sacrifice, n., vlktim.
sacrifice, v., viktimar.
sacristy, n., sakristl.
sad, a., trist.
saddle, n., sedl.
saddle, v., sedlar.
saddle-cloth, n., shabrak.
sadness, n., trXstitet,
safe, a., sekur.
safety, n., sekuritet.
saffron, n., safran.
sagacious, a., sagas.
sagacity, n., sagasileL
sail, n., sel (sheet;.
sail, V. intr., selar.
sail away, v., apo-selar.
saint, n., sankt.
salad, n., salad.
salamander, n . , salamandr .
salary, n., salar.
salary, v., salarar.
sale, n., vend.
sale(s), n., vendo^ (trade, busi-
ness ; as in " sales were good
to-day ").
saliva, n., sail v.
salmon, n., salmon.
saloon, n., salon (salon).
salt, n., sal.
salt, v., salar.
saltpeter, n., nltr.
saltworks, n., salln.
salty, a., s&los.
salubrious, a., salubr.
salute, n., salut (greeting);
salv (salvo),
salute, v., stdutar.
salve, n., unguent.
salvo, n., salv.
samarium, n., samarium.
same, a., el sem.
same thing, the. It sem.
same thing, the very; just the
same thing, yust^ it sem.
same, the very; just the same,
yust^ el sem.
sample, n., eksempl.
sanctify, v., sanktifikar.
sanction, n., sanksion.
sanction, v., sanksionar.
sanctity, n., s&nktitei.
sand, n., sabl.
sandals, n., sandal/.
sandy, a., sahlos.
sanguine, a., sangulm^.
sanguine person, sangulniker.
Sanskrit, n., Sanskrit.
sap, n., suk.
sapphire, n., saflr.
sappy, a., sukos.
sarcasm, n., sarkasm.
sarcastic, a., sarkasm^^ (sarka-
stik).
sardine, n., sardin.
Satan, n., satan.
Satanic, a., satanik,
sat§, v., satarar.
sated, a., satur^^.
satiation, n., salutaswu.
satiti) n., saWDL%
244
'satin— scratch
satin, v., s&Unar.
satin-finish, v., satlnar.
satire, n., satir.
satisfaction, n., liontentitet
(contentment); satisfakt^z^i^;;
((satisfaksion) satisfying),
satisfied, be, v. , esar kontent.
satisfy, v., satisfaktar.
satisfying , n . , satisteiktasion
(satisfaksion).
saturate, v., snturar.
saturated, a., saXured.
saturation, n., satVLvasion.
Saturday, n., saturndi.
Saturday, a., saXumdXan and
de s.
satyr, n., satiro.
sauce, n., sos.
saucepan, n., kaserol.
saucer, n., sub-tas.
sausage, n., sosis.
save, v., saXwar (rescue); re-
servar (lay up); parsimonld^r
(be frugal),
saving, a., parsimoiik?^.
savior, n., saXwator.
Savoy, n., Savoy a.
Savoyard, n., savoy an.
Savoyard, a., savoy a;^.
saw, n., seg.
saw, v., segar.
Saxony, n., SaksomVr.
say, v., dikar.
saying, n., aforism.
scab, n., skabi (mange),
scabbard, n., vagln.
scabby, a., skabk?^,
scaffold, n., skafold. .
scale, n., skuam (squame); skal
(g^amut),
scales, n,, pondera^r.
scaly, a., 8kuaiik75.
scandal, n., skandal.
scandalous, a., skandabs.
Scandinavia, n., Skandinavia.
scandium, n., skandium.
scapula, n., omoplat.
scar, n., sikatris.
scarcely, ad., pen^.
scaofy, v., stuurifikar,
scarlet, a., skarlat.
scarp, n., skarp.
scatter, v. tr., dlsipar.
scene, n., sken (stage).
scent, n., odor.
scent, V. , oaoratar (perceive
odor),
scepter, n., skeptr.
sceptic, D., skeptik.
sceptical, a., skeptik.
scepticism, n., skeptik/^m.
scholar, n., skolan (pupil); eru-
died (learned man),
school, n., skol.
schoolfellow, n., ko-skolaff.
science, n., slent.
scientific, a., sieiit/>& (sientifik).
scissors, n., tonsalor.
Sclave, n., Slav.
Sclavic, a., slav^*^.
scoff, n., mok.
scoff, v., mokar.
scolopendra, n., skolopendr.
scoria, n., skoii.
scorpion, n., skorplon.
Scotland, n., Skot/a.
scourge, n., fiagel.
scourge, v., flagel^ir.
scourging, n., itagelaston
scra\.Oa.^ iq.. , ^^mlt *
scratch off — senator
245
scratch off, v., de-kratar.
screen, n., parayerX (protection
from air),
screw, n., skmb.
screw, v., skrubar.
scrofula, n., skrofiii.
scrofulous, a., skrofiik?^.
scrofulousness, n. , sUroiiilositet.
scruple, n., skrupl.
scruple, v., skruplar.
scrupulous, a., skrupb^ (skru-
pulos).
scrupulousness, n., sli^ruplosiUt
(skrupulositet).
sculptor, n., skulptator (skulp-
tor).
sculpture, n., sl^ulptasion
(skulptur).
sculpture, v., skuiptar.
scum, n., skum.
scythe, n., falsi.
sea, n., mar.
seal, n., slgll (stamp),
seal, v., slgllar.
seam, n., sutad (suture); flsad
(fissure),
seamstress, n., sutatora,
search (for), v. , shershar.
seashore, n., mar-bord.
season, n., seson.
seasonably, ad., oporttin^.
seat, n., sed.
second, n., sekond (division of
time); ton sekund (music),
second, a., sekund or duim.
second, v., sekundar.
secondary, a., sektindar.
second class, scholar of the,
sekunda;^.
secret, n., sekret,
secret, a., arkan.
secretary, n., sekretar.
secrete, v., okultar (hide).
sect, n., sekt.
sect, form, sektar.
section, n., sekslon.
secular, a., sekuUk ((sekular)
relating to century).
secure, a., sekur.
secure, v., asekurar (make safe.)
security, n., sekunV^^ (safety);
garanta^ (guarantee).
sediment, n., sediment.
seduce, v., sedukar,
see, v., \isar.
seed, n., semin (in general);
sperm (semen).
seed, v., In-semlnar.
seek, v., shershar,
seem, v., semblar.
seem strange, semhlar estran.
seethe, v., buliar.
segment, n., segment.
seize, v., slsar.
seizure, n., sekuestr (in law).
seldom, ad., rarN^\, \i., scmiN^Vak*
senate , n. , ft«tt»X •
senator , n . , ft«ti»Xer .
246
send — seventy
send, v., tnltar,
send afterwards, mltar poste-
riori.
send off, v. , ekspediar (forward).
senile, a., senil.
senior, a., senior.
sensation, n., senstiasion (feel-
ing); sensasion (state of ex-
cited interest or feeling).
sense, n., sens (purport); sensu
(one of the five).
sensibility, n., senstia^///^/ (sen-
siblitet).
sensible, a., sensos (judicious);
sentia^/ (perceptible); sensu-
adl ( (sensibl) sensitive).
sensible of, be, sentiar.
sensitive, a. , sensual/ ( (sensibl)
sensible); sentiment£>5 (full of
feeling).
sensitiveness n., sensvLablitet
(physical).
sensitive-plant, n., mimos.
sensory, a., sensnik.
sensual, a., sensual.
sensuality, n., senstialzV^/.
sentence, n., proposision (prop-
osition); fras (phrase); yudl-
\iad (decision); sentens (say-
ing).
sentiment, n., sentiment.
sentimental, a., sentimental.
sentimentality, n., sentlmenta-
Miet.
sentinel, n., sentinel.
separate, a., separ/^.
separate, v., separar.
separately, ad., apart*
separation, n., separasion.
September, n., septembr.
septette, n., septet.
sepulcher, n., sepult*
sequester, v., sekuestrar.
sequestrate, v., sekuestrar.
sequestration, n., sdkuestr.
sequin, n., seldn.
seraph, n., seraf.
serenade, n., serenad.
serene, a., seren.
serenity, n., serenitet.
seriate, v., seriar.
series, n., serf.
series, arrange in, seriar.
serious, a., series.
seriousness, n., serlosi/^.
sermon, n., predlluid.
serpent, n., serpent.
serpentine line, n., serpentin.
servant, n., serv.
serve, v., servar.
Servia, n., Serbia.
service, n., prestasion (per-
formance).
serviceable, a., UBadl.
serviceableness, n., usabliiei.
servile, a., servil.
servility, n., serwilUet.
set, v., posar (lay); disaparar
(of sun, moon).
set aside, v., de-posar.
set down, v., de-pOBar,
set of instruments, Instrument-
kompleks.
set one's self right, v., orientar
se.
set on fire, v. , ilAgriJikar.
set right, v., oriental.
set up, v., erelctar (as a stand-
ard).
several— shoulder
247
several, a., keik.
severe, a., sever*
severity, n., severUei.
sew, v., sutar.
sewer, n., kloak (drain).
sex, n., seksu.
sextette, n., sekstet.
shabrack, n., shabrak.
shade, n., ombr (shadow);
nuans (color),
shade, v. , ombrar (shadow);
nuansar (color),
shadow, n., ombr.
shadow, v., ombrar.
shaft, n., puit (mining); timon
(thill).
shake v., sukusar (trans. ) ;
tremblar (tremble).
shake off, v. , de-sukusan
shaking, n., sukus.
shame, v., pildifikar.
shamefaced, a., pudik.
shamefacedness, n., pvkdikitet,
shameless, a., nopvkdik.
shape, n., tali (figure).
shape, v., former.
shard, n., vas-fragment.
share, n., aksion (stock).
shareholder, n., akslon^r.
shark, n., skual.
sharp, a., akut (acute); sever
(severe).
sharpen, v., akutifikar.
sharpness, n., eikntitet.
shatter, v., frakasar.
shave, v., VBsar.
she, pr., i\a.
sheaf, n., garb.
shear, v., tonsar.
shears, n., tonsa^r.
sheath, n., vagtn.
sheathing, n., kuvr.
shed (its) blossoms, de-f lorar.
sheep, n., muton.
sheet, n., papir-foU (paper).
she-goat, n., kapra.
shell, n., krust (rind); bomb
(bomb); konk (conch),
shelter, n., gard.
shelter, v., gardar.
shepherd, n., pasturan.
shield, n., skut (buckler),
shield, V. gardar.-
shilling, n., shiling.
shinbone, n., tibl.
shine, v., tumar (give light);
splendor (be bright),
shine upon, v.. mltar radii su
kk.
shining, a., splend^V/.
ship, n., nav.
shipwreck, n., naufrag.
shipwreck, suffer, naufragar.
shirt, n., kamls.
shock, n., sukus.
shoe, n., bas-bot.
shoemaker, n., bot^r.
shoot, n., germin (sprout).
shoot, v., fusilar (as a gun);
Xansofiar (discharge a mis-
sile).
shop, n., butik (store).
short, a., brev.
shorten, v., abreviar.
shortening, n., abrevia57(?//.
shorthand, write, stenograf/i/'.
shortness, n., hteyitet,
shortsighted, a., mlop.
shortsightedness, n., txAopitei.
shot, n., lanson (shooting;).
shou\d, 1— m\ 4<^,
sbo\i\deT , TV . , c'^.
248
shoulder-blade— simulation
shoulder-blade, n., omoplat.
shout, v., klamar.
shove, n., pus.
shove, v., pusar.
shovel, n., palet.
shovel, v., paletar.
show, n., ekiat (display); parad
(parade).
show, v., monstrar.
showy, a., ostentaitv.
shrub, n., arbtist.
shun, v., evltar.
shut out, v., eks-klosar.
Siberia, n., Siben^.
sibilant, n., son [liter] slbllanl.
Sicily, n., Slslba.
sick, a., malad.
sickle, n., ialsleL
sickly, a., malados.
sickness, n., malad;^^^.
side, n., flank.
side, at (on) the, ad., flanks.
side, on every, ad., omnl-flank^.
side, on that, ad., ulterior^.
side, on the hither, ad., slterl-
or-(hefitting);
roadstead, a., rad.
eaar rekt (be in the right).
roar, v., bniar (bluster).
right, of, ad„ yuridf.
roast, n,, roBtad.
right, to the, ad., a dekstrs.
roast, v., rostur.
roasting-pan, n., rost-plat.
righteousness, n., yustilei.
rob, v., raplnar.
rightful, a., yurid,',*.
robber, n., raptna&>r.
rightly, ad., yurldf (of right).
robbery, n., rajrin.
rightof, to(at) the, p., dekstfe
robe, n , t«lar (long gown).
rigid, a., rigid. [de.
robust, a., robust.
rigidity, n., rigid;W.
rock, n..rok.
rigorous, a,, sever.
rock, v., ku Da r (cradle).
rim, n,, bord.
rod, n., verg (wand); baston
rime, n., rfm (rhyme); glas-
l,matiwmc;ii\. q\. CEm«.«i.™>^.
nml (hoar-frost).
roe, n., Vkpk»\V«««°»^"^-
250 Blottafn]-aol«
slothful, a., inert.
snipe, n., beka>.
slothfulness. n., Inertiiet.
'■ snore, v., Steltar.
slow. a„ lent.
; snort, v.. mutlonar.
Blow, be, andar tro teot^ (time-
] snout, n., probosk.
piece).
' snow, n., nev.
slowly, ad.,lentf.
; snow, v., nevar.
slow-match, n., llagresA-iiaT-
snuff-boK, 11 , akatul«/.
don.
so, ad:, XaXe.
slowness, n., Ienti?f/.
^ soap, n., sapon.
slow-worm, n., lals-serpent.
1 sob, n., sineult.
sly a. astusb^
sob. v„ singulbir.
»imall a. minhti.
, sober, a., sobr.
smaTl-heaUed, a„ mikrokMpiA.
' sobriety, ii., BObriYrf.
smallness, n minlm/W,
1 soriiibtiity. .1 aosiabl/^rf.
smallpox, n., variol.
' sociable, a., BOSUW.
smash, v. tr., trakasnr.
social, a., soslal.
smear, v., gresir.
socialism, n., sostali'^rn.
smell, n., odor (odor): odorat
(sense).
'. society of, in the, p.. In sosle-
smell, v.. Odorat"/- (perceive
tet de.
odor); Odorur (emit o'^'^^'-'^^'*"^-'^^
sole — spar
251
sole, a., sol.
solely, ad., 80l^.
solemn, a., solemn.
solemnity, n., solemn//^/.
solemnize, v., fest^ir (festival).
solicit, v., sailsltar.
solicitous, be, soUsitar.
solid, a., solid.
solidarity, n., solldanV^/.
solidary, a., soHdar.
solidify, v., solld^5^ar(intr.)
solidity, n. , soWdiiet.
solitariness, n., soUtet.
solitary, be, restar sol.
solitude, n., soXitet.
solo, n., solo.
solution, n. , soXwasion (solusion).
solve, v., soX\ ar.
so many, a. , tant.
so many times, ad., taXetnnXt/oa,
some, pr. ind. and a., kelk ;
kelk-un (sing.).
somebody, pr., kelk-hom.
some one, pr., kelk-hom.
something, pr., kelk-kos (any-
thing) ; sert-kos (certain
thing).
something else, pr., otr-kos.
sometimes, ad., Kelkfoa.
sometimes — s ometimes, ad. ,
temp^— temp^.
somewhat, ad., nemuXte.
somewhere, ad., kelk-lok^.
somewhere else, ad., otr-lok^
(in another place); a otr-lok^
(to another place).
so much, a., tant.
so much, ad., tant^.
son, n.,filL7.
sonata, n., soaat,
song, n., kaason.
son-in-law, n., bel-fill^.
sonnet, n., sonet.
sonorous, a., sonor.
soon, ad., po-brev^.
soot, n., fullgin.
sooty, a., fuligln^5.
soprano, n., sopran (voice);
sopran;5^ (person).
sordid, a., sordid.
sordidness, n., sordidzV^^.
sore, n., ulser (ulcer).
sorrel, n., oksal.
sorrow, n., griv.
sorrowful, a., trist.
sort, n., sort.
sort, v., sortar.
so that, c, tai^ke.
soul, n., anim.
sound, n., son (audible noise);
sond (probe).
sound, a., san.
sound, v., sonar (resound) ;
sondar (probe) ; tonar (as in-
strument).
soundness, n., sanitet.
soup, n., sup.
sour, a., asid.
source, n., font.
south, n., sud.
south, in the, ad., sud^.
southerly, ad., stldtf (in the
south); versu sud (toward
the south).
southward, ad., versu sud.
sovereign, n., regnator.
sow, v., seminar.
space, n., spasi.
spacious, a., spasi^5.
spade, n., palet.
Spam, ti.,lE.wc«»iia.
spat, n., spal^vwKt^.
252 apark-
spork. ti., slntll.
sparkle, v., brUlar,
sparrow, n., pasr.
sparrow-hawk, n. BpOTV.
spasm, u, , spasm.
spatterdash, n., gamash.
speak, v., parlji- (talk); orar
(as oratoiji.
speaker, pnblk, oraior.
spear, n., lans.
special, a., spesial.
specially, ait., speslalr.
specialty, n., Spesiaiiiei.
specific, a., speBilr:i.
specification, n., SpeslUkasio".
specify, v., speslfikiii-.
specimeii, n.. eksentpl.
speck, n., makul.
speck, v., Diakulfi/-.
spectacle, n., spektakl.
spectacles, n., ^j'^kul.
spectator, n , spektcfor.
spectre, n., fan torn.
speculate v.. spekular (com-
speed, II., hast.
speed, v., haatar.
speedy, a., velos {swift); po-
brevii (prompt),
speedily, ad., veloSrf (swiftly);
p»- breve (snou
spell, v., literal".
spend, v., spendir;' (expend).
gpendtliTift, n.. prodlg.
sphere, n., sfer.
spherical, a., sterii.
sphincter, n., sfinkter.
sphinx, D., Btittka.
splce(s), a., apes,
spider, n., ana.
spike, n., spik (bot.).
V. tr., MMveraar.
spill. A
spin, v., tiiar.
spinach, o., Splnat.
spinniag-mill, n., flltfri.
spiral, a., spiral,
spirit, n., spirit (sonl); sprtt
(liquor),
spirited, a., 9\Mkos.
spiritism, n., splritiVw.
spiritist, a., splrltis/.
spiritual, a., spiritual (opposed
to worldly); spMtik (reUing
spirituous, a.. %ptitos.
spit, v., SpiitdJ-,
spite of, in, p. , ubstlnu.
spittle, n.,sput.
spleen, n., Splell.
splendid, a., HMgnlfi^ (mag-
nificent); Bplendii/ (brilliant,
dazzling).
splendor, n., splendor.
split, □., tlaad.
split, V. Ir., fisiir.
spoil, v., rulnar.
spoke, n., raAlad.
spondaic, a., spODdCi.^.
spondee, n., SpOUdA.
sponge, a., spongi.
spoiigC'lifct, a., Sponglu/r
(spon^'ios,.
spongy, a., sponglo^r (spougi-
os).
sponsorship, u., 1to-p»triUl.
spontaneity, n., SpontaaiVe^.
spontHneous, a., spontao.
spool, v.. boblaa^.
Bpoon, n., kullar.
sporadic, a., sporadic.
sport, n., Sport.
spot, n,, makul (s tai ii) ; plas
(place),
spot, v., auituhrr.
spotless, a,, »fmakulc!/.
Bponse, n.,jnai1t.
spread, n., prap»gasu)n.
spread, v., propdgar (propa-
gate).
spring, n., font (source); floro-
temp (season); salt (leap);
resor (elastic force or body);
foiit7rf(ot water).
spring, T., foiit(zr(issae)', saltar
(leap).
sprout, n., germln.
sproDt, v., germinn/-.
spun material, ti\aJ.
spur, n., spora,
spin on, v.. stlmular.
spy, n., spjon.
spy, v., spionar.
squadron, n., eskadr (n a v a I ) ;
eskadron (cavalry),
squatne, n., skuam.
squamous, a., skuamoj.
squander, v., prodlgn^-.
square, n., kuadrat (quadrat);
plas (of a diess-boaul).
square, a., kuadrati^.
square meter, n.,kuBdrat-metr.
square root, ti., kuadrat-radlk.
squeeze, v., presar
squeeze out, v ekS-preSur.
squirrel, n., sklur.
squirt, v., sprlsiij-
stsb, r. , plkar^pancture); pun\-
ardar- (poniard).
state 253
stability, n., StabtliVif^.
stable, a., stal.
stable, a., stabll.
stadium, n., stadl. [(military).
staff, n., baston (baton); stab
stage, n., sken (theater).
stagger, v.. tltubio-.
staggering, ii,, WXnytasioii.
stagnate, v.. sXKgfiar.
stain, n., makul.
stain, v., makular.
staircase, n., skal.
Stairs, n., skal.
stake, n., plkf^.
stake, v., hasardar {\'enture).
stake out, v., trasar medlu pl-
keli.
stalk, n., tronkf/.
stall, n., Stal (for horses),
stallion, n., kavalo.
stammer, v.. balbuslnr.
stamp, a., stamp (instrument ;
also imprint); post-mark
(postage stamp),
stamp, v„ stamper,
stand, n.. Stand (position),
stand, V,, standar.
standard, n., standart (ensign),
standpoint, n., punkt de vis.
stand up, V, , levitr se.
stannum, n,, Stan,
star n, stel (fixed); astr(heav-
enly body),
starch, n,, amidon.
starch, v., amIdODar.
stare, v.. musardnr.
starer, n., musard.
starhng, n., Sturn.
start of, get, prrveB\ar.
stale, n.,rta». Vcoc«iw,'Q.«'t^ci&\
254
state-dinner — stork
state-dinner, n., ^aladln^.
States of the Church, Ekles/a.
static(al), a., statlka/.
statics, n., statik.
station, n., stasion.
statistics, n., statlstlk.
statue, n., statu.
stature, n., statur.
statute, n., statut.
stay, n., stop.
stay, v., restar.
steal, v., raplar.
steam, n., vapor.
steam, v. , vaporar (tr. and intr.).
stearin, n.. Stearin.
steel, n., asier.
steel, a., aslerik.
steel, v., asier^r.
steep, a., skarpik.
steer, v., guvernar.
stenographer, n., stenog^at.
stenographic, a., stenografh'^
(stenografik).
stenography, n., stenografi.
step, n., past! (pace); grad (de-
gree).
step, v., pasuar.
step-brother, n.^semiiratr,
step by step , ad. , de pasu a pasu .
step-father, n., semipatr,
steppe, n., step.
step-son, n., semiiillo.
sterile, a., steril.
sterilize, v., sterilisar.
stew, n., kompot.
stewpan, n., kaserol.
stibium, n., antimon.
stick, n., baston.
stick, V,, glutinar (glue).
stick on, v„ su-gXtmnar.
stiff, a., rigid.
stiffness, n., rigldi/^.
stifle, y. tr., suffokar.
stigma, n., stlgmat.
stigmatic, n., stigiiiati!/^.
stigmatic, a., stlgmati/^.
still, a., trankll.
still, v., kalmar.
still, ad., ankor.
still, c, ye.
stimulate, v., stimtilar.
stimulus, n., stlmtil.
stipulate, v., stlpular.
stir (up), V. , eksitar.
stirrup, n., staf.
stitch (books), v., broshar.
stitched book, n., broshtir.
stock, n., aksion (share); pro-
vision (supply); reserv (re-
serve).
stockfish, n., stokflsh.
stockholder, n., aksion^r.
I stocking, n., kals.
stoic, n., stoiker.
stoic(al), a., stoik.
stole, n., stoi.
stomach, n., stomak.
stone, n., petr.
stone, V. , iapldar (pelt with
stones).
stone-like, a., petrair,
stony, a., petros.
stop, n., stop.
stop, v., sesar (cease); stopar
(halt); tamponar (stopper).
stop! , i., stop!
stopper, n., tampon.
stopper, v., tamponar.
stop to, put a, faslar fflniar.
store, n., butik (shop).
storm— sublime
255
stonn, a., tempestad.
story, n., eta] (floor),
stove, n., fom.
stovepipe, n., fora-tub.
strai^t, a., rekt.
straightness, n., reittilei.
strain, v., flltrar.
strait, a., stret.
straitness, n., stretitei.
straits, n., &Dgust (distress),
strand, n., mar-bord.
strange, a., cstran.
strangle, v, tr., Btraugiar.
strap, n., kulr-band.
strategic, a,, stxate^ik (strate-
gic).
strategy, n., strategl.
stratify, v., atratifikar.
stratum, n., Strat.
straw, n. , palla.
strawberry, n., frag,
stray, v., aberar.
straying, n., aSotTasion,
streak, n., strl.
streak, v.. strbr.
street, n.. strad.
atreugtb. ii.,potenti'/f/ ((potens)
might); lorti^f/ (force).
strengthen, v., vlgorur (invigo-
ratel: tortyfAa/- (fortify),
stretch, V. tr., tendar.
stria, n., Stri.
striate, v., strlir.
strict, a., Stlikt.
strife, n,, kontestujjo».
strike, n., strlk (of workmen),
strike, v.. perkutu*- (percuss);
sUtkar (of workmen).
string, n., kordonr/ (cord);
korda (chord;.
mtripe, n., Strl.
stripe, v., striar.
striped, a., Strlfi/,
strive, v., eforsar.
stroke, n.. bat (blow); Hid
aine).
strong, a., fort (robust); potent
(potent) .
strontium, n., Strottslum.
strophe, n., straf.
structure, n., Stmktur.
stubborn, a., obatlnaiii.
stubbornness, n,, obstlnasion,
stucco, n., Stuk.
stucco, v., stukitr.
student, n.~. atuaiani (student).
study, 11., Stud] (mental effort);
kablneticahJiiel).
.study, v., Btudlar.
stuff, n., Stot.
stupid, a., stupid.
stupidity, n., StUpldillf/.
sturgeon, u., sturion.
stutter, v., balbuslar.
style, n., stll (iu diction, archi-
tecture, painting, chronolo-
gy] mod ifasiioD).
style, v., titular (entitle).
stylish, a., moiii.
Styria. a., Stin'o.
subaltern, «., subaltern.
subdue, v., Bub-yugnr.
subject, n., subyekt.
subject, v., aub-mltar.
subjective, a., subyektlv.
subjectivity, n., subyektlv i'/«^
subjoin, v., ad-yunktur.
subjoined, be, v,, eaar ad-
yutikUd.
subjugate, v., sub-yug{;.
(simpatik).
sympathy, n., simpati.
symptom, n., simptom.
synagogue^ n., sinagog.
synonyirv, w.., %VaftT!\TA%
synonymous— tear.
synonymous, a., tlaoaltait.
syntax, n., alntaks.
synthesis, n., slntes.
Syria, n., Slriu.
syringe, n.. >plis.
syringe, v., spiisar,
syrup, n., slrop.
system, n., BlBtem.
systematic, a., Blatemtit (siste-
tabemacle, n., tabemakl.
table, n., UbI (furniture); tabel
(list),
tacitum. a., butturn.
taciturnity, n., tAsHurnilei.
Uctics, n., taktik.
tadpole, n„ ylin-ran.
taffeU, n., talt.
tail, n., kaud.
tailor 11 taller
take, v., prendar (seiie); batiir
(take a man in chess). '
take away, v,, apo-prendar.
take back, v., repreadar.
take en passant, batar pasanle
take in. v., kompleksar- (corn-
take it ill, ofendar ae.
take off, v., de-prendaf.
take on one's self, prendar SU
take place, avar lok.
talent, u., talent.
talisman, n.. taWsmaa.
talkative, a., Jokuas.
talkativeness, n., lo^iioaitet.
tallow, a. . seb. '
tannery, n,. tan^n'.
tannin, n., tanln. \
tantalum, a., tantal.
tapir, n,, tapir.
tar, a., pe,s fluid. [rantel.
tarantella, t a r a n t e 1 1 e, n., ti-
tarantula, n., tarautul.
tardily, ad., tard;.
tardy, a., tard.
tare, n., tar (commerce).
tariff, II., tarlf.
taroc, a., tarok.
tarot, n., tarok.
tarry, v.. mornf.
tart, n., tart.
tartar, n., tartr.
Tartar, u,, tatar.
Tartar, a,, Xaiaiik.
Tartarian, a., tatari>.
Tartary, n., Tataria.
task, n,, problem.
tassel, n., kuast.
teste, n.. gust.
taste. v,,gustar.
tawny a, talb.
tax, n., impost (impost).
tax, v.,linj>ostar(iuiposetaies);
taksnr (appraise),
tea. n.. te.
teach, v., laatmar (instruct);
«nullar (culture).
\ ^,cac'tl*:■t,n„^»^fce«Illol'.
\ teacta.n'j.ii-.isW**.
\ ten, i\.,\«^'^^'^^ ^■^'^'
tear — ^tetanic
259
tear, v., ruptar (rupture); lase-
Tar (lacerate).
tear off, v., de-ruptaf.
tease, v., \e\isar.
technical, a., teknika/.
technics, n., teknik.
technology, n., teknoiog;!.
tedious, a., eanXant^ enui^5.
tediousness, n., enui.
teeth, n., denti; (set).
teeth, v., dentar.
teeth, cut, dentar.
teeth, set of, dentaj.
telegram, n., ttlegndad (tele-
gram).
telegraph, n., telegraf.
telegrapher, n., telegraf z^/.
telegraphist, n., telegraf/^/.
telephone, n., telefon.
telephone, v., teMonar,
telescope, n., teleskop.
tell, v., dtkar (say); narar (re*
late).
tellurium, n., telur*
temerarious, a., temer.
temerity, n., temeritet.
temper, n., temperament.
temper, v. , moderar (moderate) ;
aslerar (harden ) .
temperament, n., temperament.
temperance, n., sohritet.
temperate, a., sobr.
temperature, n ., temperatur.
tempest, n., uragan.
temple, n., tempi (for worship);
tempor (of head).
temporal, a., temporal.
temporarily, ad., temporary.
temporary, a.., temporar.
tempt, v., tentar,
temptation, n., tentasion.
tempter, n., te>ntcUor.
ten, nr., des.
tenacious, a., tenas.
tenacity, n., tenasitet.
tenant, n., arendator.
tend, v., avartendens.
tendency, n., tendens.
tendency, have a, avar ten-
dens.
tender, n., tendr (of locomo-
tive).
tender, a., tendr.
tender, v., otrar.
tendon, n., tendon.
tend to, v., server (conduce to).
tenor, n., tenor (voice); teno-
ns/ (person).
tent, n., pavilion.
tentacle, n., palp.
tenth, a., desim.
tenuity, n., tenuitet.
tepid, a., tepid.
term, n., vokabi (word); termin
(space of time); term (techni-
cal).
terminate, v., finlar.
terrace, n., teras.
terrace, v., terasar.
terrestrial, a., terestr.
terrible, a,, teribl.
terrify, v., terorar.
territorial, a., teritorlz/^ (ten-
torial).
territory, n., teritorl.
terror, n., teror.
test, n., prov.
test, v., provar.
testament, n., testament (will).
testify, v., ateslar.
testimotvy, ii., «\»aX.*
tetanic, a., \fc\asult.
text, n., tekst.
textile, a,. t«k«tll.
thaler, □., talr.
thallium, n , UUIum.
than, c, ka.
thank, v., merslar.
thankful, a., merslos.
thankfulness, n-, meraiosiiet.
thanking, n.. mersias-ion.
thanks, n., mersiail.
thanksgiving, n., taer&lasion.
that, pr. detn., el (opposed to
■ ' this " ); tel (theone); el-kos
(thing): tel-ko» (that thing),
that, pr. tel., kel.
that, a., ulterior (thither),
that, c, ke (introducing a
clause); alfni ke (in order
that); kau&f (because); a ke
(seeake).
the, art., see§S4and 27 of Gram-
theater, n., teatr.
their, pr., lur.
their(own), pr,«ue.
theirs, pr., lor.
theme, n., tem.
themselves, pr,,aut (emphatic);
se (reflexive). (See '-her-
self.)
then, ad., lettmpe.
thence, ad., /fkau5£ (therefore),
tbeologian, n., teolosju/.
theological, a., teolosi//-.
theology, n teologi.
theoretical, a., teorliX'iteorelit),
theorist, n., teoretlkCT-.
theory, n., teori.
there, ad,, la; Ulolu (in that
place): 1 /^ok^ (thither).
there!, i., ekse
therefore, ad., ergo(eonseqaeiit-
lyl; jikausf (for this reason .
thermometer, n., terTno-tnetr.
thesis, a .. teg.
Thessaly, n., Tesalii.
they. pr. pers., Illtmasc., neuter,
and common); lla.
time, which (what), ad., kel-
time of, at (in) the, p., in temp
tint, n.. tintaif.
tint, v.. tlnUr.
tip, n., punt.
tire, v. tr, latlgnr.
tired, a., tatlged.
tiresome, a., enula«<, enulo^.
titanium, n., titan.
title, Q.,tltul.
title, v., titular.
titmouse, n., Utmes.
titubation, n., tttubaswri.
262 to—
to, p., a (opposed to " from");
uak (until): ad (at),
to and fro, ad , a ulterior^ e a
siteriorc,
toast, n., tost (health).
toast, v., tostiir 4 propose health).
tobacco, □.. tabaR.
to-day, ad., sidlume.
toe, n., ped-dlglt.
toga, D., tog.
together, ad., yunkt^.
toilet, n., toalet.
tolerate, v., tolerar.
toll, n., duan.
toll-gatherer, n., duan^r.
tomato, D., tomat.
tomb, n., tomb.
tombac, n., tombak.
tombak, n., tombak.
tome, a., torn.
to-morrow ad po-jidlurn^.
tomtit, n., titmes.
ton, n., tun.
tone, n., ton.
tone, first, ton prim.
tongue, n.. lang.
too, ad. tro (overmuch).
tool, n. instrument,
tools, garden, utenslli de hart.
tooth, a., dent.
top. n.. kuimin (summit),
topaz, n., topas.
topographer, ti, topograf.
torch, n., tork.
torment, n., torment-
torment, v., tormentor.
torpedo, n., torpedo.
tortoise, n., tortu.
torture, n., tortur.
torture, v., tOlturar.
toss, n., \sasad.
to such a degree, ad., tuAz.
total, a., total.
totality, n., totaiitet.
totally, ad., totals.
tottermg, a., laUI.
touch, n.. fcontakt.
touch, v., kontaktar.
touch at, v., ad-bordar.
tour, II., tur.
■ tourist, n., turisl.
tourmalin(e), n., tunnalln.
tournament, n., tumlr.
' tow, 11., Btup.
toward(s), p.. versu (in the di-
rection of); kontr (with re-
spect to).
toward the east, ad., versu est.
toward the front, ad., versu
anterior;.
toward the north, ad., versu
nord.
toward the rear, ad., versu
dors.
toward the side, ad., versu
flank.
toward the south, ad., versu
sud.
toward the west, ad., versu
uest.
' towel, n., manu-drap.
tower, n., turi,
trace, n., tras.
trace, v.. trasar.
trachea, n., trak^.
track, n., tras.
track, v., trasar.
trade, n., komers (commerce);
metier (handicraft); veniad
(sales; see ''sales").
\Tade,v.,komersizr(buyorsell),
tradition — trochee
263
tradition, n., tradision.
tragedjr, n., tragedi.
tra^c(al)» a., tr&^ik,
trail, n., traktu.
trail, v., traktuflr.
train, n., tren (railroad); traktu
(trail).
train, v., dresar (animals).
tramway, n., tram.
tranquil a., trankll.
transaction, n., transakslon.
transcribe, v., de-skribar.
transfer, v., trans-donar.
transgress, v., ylolar.
trans^ession, n., vlolasion,
transit, n., transit.
transitive, a., transitlv.
transitive verb, transitive, n.,
verb transitiv.
translate, v., tradukar.
translate into German, tradu-
liar in german.
translation , n. , tmdukaston (tra-
duksion).
transparent, a., transparent.
transpire, v., transplrar (per-
spire).
transport, v., transporter.
transportable, a., transporta^/.
transportation, n., transport.
transverse, a., transversal.
transversely, ad., transversals.
trap, n., trap (literal); atrap
(fig.),
trapezium, n., trapes.
travel, v., voyajar.
travel back, v., revoyalar.
traveler, n., voyaj^.
vacancy, n., \akuiUt.
vacant, a., vaku.
vacation, n., vakans.
vaccinate, v., vakslnar.
vaccination, n., yakslnasion.
vacillate, v., yasllar.
vacuity, n., vakuz/^/.
vagabond, n., vagabund.
vagabondize, v., vagabundar.
vagina, n., vagln.
vagrant, n., vagabund.
vague, a., vag.
vam, a., van.
vain, in, ad., van^.
"vaitvVy , aA. , N«Ske .
valid, a., valt'i^.
validity, n., \alidiiei.
valley, n., vol.
valuation, n., volut.
.value, n., valor (worth); valut
(valuation),
value, have, vaiar.
valve, n., valv.
vatnpiie, n., vamplr.
vanadium, n., vaiud.
vandal, n., vandal,
vandalism, a., vandalism,
vanilla, n., vanlll.
vanity, n., vanilel.
vanquish, v vlktorlnr
vapor, n.. vapor
variability, a. variaA/iW.
variable, a.. varinA/
variableness, n., \nr\ailile/.
variegated, a, varl-kolori*.
variegation, il, varl-kolor
variety, n., \a.r%ositet (varions-
ness); varletet (of a species),
variola, n., varlol.
various, a., varies.
variousness, n., va^sitel.
varnish, n., vemis.
varnish, v., vemlsaf.
vary, v. tr.. varior.
vase, n., vas.
vassal, n., vasal,
vast, a., vast.
vat, n., kul.
Vatican, n., vatlkan.
Vatican, a., vatlkaiit:^.
vault, n., volt (arch); latrin
(privy-vault).
vault, v.,voltar(arch); voltJJiw
(spring).
vauJting. n.. voltij.
luture 267
vegetable, «., vogelabil (plant).
vegetable, a., vegetuM.
vegetable casein, ii., legumln.
vegetable diet, n., vegetarl,
vegetable food, n.. vegetari.
vegetables, n., legum.
vegetarian, n., vegetartiK.
vegetarian, a., vegetarian.
vegetarianism, n,, vegetarl-
vegetate, v., vegetur.
vegetation, n., vegetasion.
(vehei..eusi.
vehement, a., vehement,
v^icle, n., vehlkl.
veil, n., vel.
veil, v., velar-
vein, n., ven (blood-ve
llgn-ven (of wood),
velocipede, n., veloslped.
velocipedist, u., veloslped i.?/.
velocity, n.. veloatiei.
velvet, n., velut.
vetierability, n. \eaerabli/el.
venerable, a,,venerufi/.
venerableness, n. \sneTabliiel.
venerate, v., veneruj-
veneration. n. -veaerasioii.
venerator, n., veneraior
vengeance, n., vladlkasioii .
venison, n., venison.
venent?s.
, n., veneaositel.
ventilate, v., ventllur.
ventilation, n., veatUasion.
ventilator, n., ventila^uf.
ventricose, a., veotros.
ventricous, a., veatros.
vehement!^/
1);
268
veracious — virtuoso
veracious, a., veras.
veracity, n., verasilef.
verb, n., verb.
verdict, n., verdikt.
verification, n., \erifikasion.
verify, v., yevifikar,
verity, n., yetitet.
vermilion, n., vermilion.
vermin, n., vermin.
verse, n., vers.
versify, v., yersifikar.
version, n., version.
vertebra, n., vertebr.
vertex, n., vertis.
vertical, a., vertilcal.
vertiginous, a., vertigines.
vertigo, n., vertigin.
very, ad., mtllt^.
very, so, aH., tante.
very welf , ad., mult^ l>ene.
vesicle, n., vesilc.
vessel, n., vas (receptacle); nav
(ship),
vest, n., Icamisol (waistcoat),
vest, v., vest^r.
vestibule, n., vestibul.
veteran, n., veteran.
veto, n., veto.
vex, v., veksar.
vexed, be, v., esar veks^^.
via, p., via.
vibrate, v., yXhrar.
vibration, n., yihrasion.
vicar, n., viicar.
vicar, act as, v. , vilcar^r.
vice, n., visi.
vice-director, n., m^direlctor.
vicegerent, n., vikar.
vjce-presiden t,n., vis epT^sX-
deat,
^ice versa, ad., inversle.
vicinity, n., ylslnitel.
vicinity, in the, ad., vising.
vicinity of, in the, p., visinz^.
vicious, a., vlsios.
victim, n., vllctim.
victor, n., viktor.
victorious, a., vlktorl^s.
victorious, be, viktoriar.
victory, n., vlktori.
victuals, n., vilctual.
view, n., aspekt.
view, v., aspektar.
"iew of, in, p., lionslderanl^/
vigilant, a., vigila/i/.
vignette, n., vinlet.
vigor, n., vigor.
vigorous, a., vlgor ^k.8 ,
virtuous — wake up
269
virtuous, a., virtu^5.
visible, a., vlsa^/ (visibl).
vision, n., vis (eyesight): vision
(supernatural),
visit, n., visit.
visit, v., vlsit^ir.
visor, n., visier.
vital, a., vitai.
vitality, n., \htditeL
vitreous, a., \ltrtk.
vitrifiability, n.. \\treskablitet.
vitrify, v., vitr^j^ar (intrans. ) ;
yltrifikar (trans.),
vitriol, n., vitriol.
vivacious, a., vivas.
vivaciously, ad., vlvas^.
vivacity, n., \l\asilet
vivify, v., animar.
vocable, n., vokabl.
vocation, n., y6kasion (call).
voice, n., vole.
void, n., yakuilel.
void, a., vaku.
Volapiik, speak, volaplikar.
volcano, n., volkan.
volley, n., salv (salvo),
volume, n., volumin(bulk); tom
(tome),
voluminous, a., volunilii^75.
voluminousness, n., volumln^-
voluntarily, ad., volontar^.
voluntary, a , volontar.
volunteer, n., volontar.
voluptuary, n., voluptu^.
voluptuous, a., voluptU05.
voluptuousness, n., voluptu.
vomit, n., yomasion (vomiting),
vomit, v., yomar.
vomiting, u., vomasion,
voracious, a., voras.
voracity, n., yorasilel
vortex, n., vort.
Vosges Mountains , n., Vogesz.
vote, n., vot.
vote, \., yotar.
votive, a., votlv.
vouchsafe, v., dignar (deign n
vow, n., vov.
vow, v., yoy ar.
vowel, n., vokal.
vowel, clear, vokal klar.
vowel, intermediary, vokal In-
termedlar. [medlar.
vowel, modified, vokal Inter-
vulgar, a., vulgar.
vulnerable, a , yulneradl.
vulture, n., vultur.
w
wadding, n., vat.
wade, v., vadar.
wafer, n., vafr.
waflae, n., vafr.
wager, n., pari.
wager, v., parlar.
waggish, a., butonik.
wagon, n., kar.
wa^on-pole, n., tlmon.
waistcoat, n., kamlsol.
wait, v., atendar.
wait for, v., ad-yustar (lie in
wait)
waiting, n., atend.
wait on, v., servar.
wake, v., ylglleskar ( intr.) ;
yl^liftkar (trans.),
waken, v., yl^leskar (intr.);
ylgUifikar (trans.),
wake up, n., NV^Veskar v^^\.'tA\
v\g,UtJfifear V^T?oa&.^.
270
walk — wear out
walk, n , promena^ (prome-
nade); al6 (path),
walk, v., atnbular,
walk, take a, promeiiizr.
wall, n., mur (masonry); pariet
(partition),
wall (ups V , murar.
Wallachia, n., Valakia.
wall-paper, n., papir-tapet.
walrus, n., mors.
waltz, n., vals.
waltz, v., valsar.
wan, a., palid.
wand, n., verg.
wander v., aberar.
wandering, n., aherasion,
wane, v., tnlnueskar.
want, n., indigent//^/ ( (indi-
gens) indigence),
wanting, be, v., mankar (be
lacking),
want of, for, p., mailk^^.
war, n., guer.
war, v., guerar.
war, wage, v., g^ietar.
war upon any one, make, gue-
rarko kh.
ward, n., pupil (pupil); kuartier
(quarter),
wardrobe, n., garderob (place),
wares, n., merkanta^.
warm, a., Ic^lid.
warm, v., Ualidifikar.
warm, be, kalar.
warm, become, U&Udeskar.
warmth, n., kaltemp.
wipe, v., irotar.
wire, n., metal -f II.
wisdom, n., saplenttV^/.
wise, a., sapient.
wish, n., desir.
wish, v., desirar.
wit, n., esprit.
with, o., ko (together with);
meai2^ (by means of); ad (by;
e. g. el papiri es ad mi«those *
papers are with me),
withdraw, v., retlrar (take
back); retlrar se (go back),
withdrawal, n., retlro^.
wither, v. , f laksld^5^ar.
withered, a., flaksid.
within, p., Inu (time); interiors
de (place),
within, ad.. Interiors (on the
inside); a interiors (to the
inside). -
without, p., sine (lacking);
eksterior^ de (outside),
without, c, sine ke.
witness, n., atesta^r.
witness, v., atestar.
woe ! , i. , ve !
woman — yearn
273
woman, n., femin.
womb, n., matris.
wonder, v. , esar surpris^^.
wood, n., Ilgn.
wood, abounding in, llgnos,
woodcock, n., bekas.
wooden, a., lisn/^.
wood-engraver, n . , ksilo-graf,
woodlike, a., iign^/r.
woodpecker, n., piki.
woodpecker, a., pikh'>^ and de p.
woody, a., \\%X!kos.
wool, n., Ian.
woolen, a., lanik.
woolly, a., lanos.
word, n., parol.
work, n., labor (labor); efektu-
ad (thing effected).
work, V. , l&horar (labor);
eksploatar (exploit); funksi-
onar (function).
working, n., eksploatas^^ (ex-
ploitation).
work out, V , eks-laborar (elab-
orate).
workshop, n., oflsin.
world, n., mund.
worm, n., verm.
wormwood, n., absint.
worse, make, piu-m&\ifikar.
worsen, v. tr.,plu-malifikar,
worship, n., adorasion (the act);
kult (a system of).
worship, v., adorar.
worshiper, n., adorator.
worth, n., vabr (value) ; dlgnz-
lel (dignity).
worth, be, \alar.
worthless, a., vll.
wortblessness, n., vilitet,
worth while, he, valar
18
\
worth while, it is, it val.
worthy, a., digm^.
wound, n., vulner.
wound, v., yuXnerar.
wounding, n., yvXnerasion.
wrap (up), v. , kuvertar.
wrapper, n., kuvert (envelope):
wrath, n., koler.
wreath, n., flor-koron.
wretched, a., miserabl.
wretchedness, n., miser.
wring, v., de-urgar (extort),
wrinkle, n., mg.
wrinkle, v. tr., rugar,
wrinkled, a., rugos.
wrist, n., flekt [de mami].
write, v., skribflir.
write beautifully, kali-grafar,
write off (out) v. . de-skribar.
writer, n., sVr^ator.
writing, n.. sVvVtiasion (act);
skrib^^ (thing written),
writing, in, ad., sliiribade.
wrong, n., tort.
wrong, do. faslar ;;^korekt^
(do incorrectly).
Wurtemberg, n., Virtemberg.
X
xylographer, n., ksilo-graf.
Y
yacht, n., yakt.
yard, n., kurt (court).
yawn, v., osit^r.
year, n., anu.
yearly, a.^ anvdk (anual\.
yearly, a.^., ^iT«oS.-«3as^e.
274
yeast — zouave
yeast, n., ferment.
yellow, a., yeib.
yes, ad., si.
yesterday, ad., pre-sidHume.
yet, ad., ankor.
yet, c, ye.
yield, v., rentar (produce).
yoke, n., yug.
yonder, ad., Ulclke.
you, pr., vo(sing.); vo/ (plural).
young, a., yun.
younger, a., yunior.
young lady, n., slniorina.
your, pr., votr (sing.); vostr
(plur.).
yours, pr., votr (sing.); vostr
(plur.).
yourself, yourselves, pr., aut
(emphatic); vo, yoi (reflexive)
youth, n., yuvent (time),
youthfulness, n., yunitet.
jrtterbium, n., iterbium.
yttrium, n., itrlum.
zeal, n,, terviiet.
zealous, a., ferv.
zealous, be, esar ferv.
zebra, n., sebr.
zechin, n., sekln.
zenith, n., senlt.
zeph3rr, n., seflr.
zero, n., nul.
zigzag, n., sissag:.
zinc, n., sink.
zinc, v., slnkar.
zirconium, n., sirkonium.
zither, n., sitr.
zodiac, n., sodlak.
zone, n., sintur.
zoological, a., soologix^ (socio-
gik).
zoology, n., soologi.
zouave, n., stiav.
W^
(r^f%
SUPPLEMENT
I. ADDITIONS
a) Neutral-English Part.
PAGE.
40
under aserb
add :
tart.
43
bat.
stroke.
49
dig^nar
to vouchsafe.
55
eskartar
to reject.
57
insXar sum de
to aggregate.
63
8:lob
ball.
67
XndiZ^ntitet
want.
73
kaus
ground.
75
kolektar
to gather.
84
lini
stroke.
89
minvkeskar
to wane.
92
mut
silent.
107
^Toion%ar
to lengthen ; to produce.
112
reprovor
to reprobate.
4(
reslprok
mutual.
117
sfer
ball.
123
sub
below.
124
superior
-u, p., over ; above.
125
tart
pie.
. 130 insert unotr, p. , each other ; one another.
b) English-Neutral Pari.
147 under ball add : 8:lob, sfer (globe, sphere).
153 before breeze
insert :
breed, n., ras.
176 " eager
<«
each other, unotr.
206 •• lentil
<<
lengthen, v., prolong:ar.
209 ** lowness
<<
lower part of, at (in, on) the.
p., inferiors de.
216 " muzzle
(<
mutual, a., resiprok.
221 " one (the)
((
one a.tio\Jckftx , >j»ft\.T %
275
276 SUPPI.EMENT
II. CHANGES
a) Grammar.
PAGE.
i6, line 21 from top, read: av doned instead of donav.
19, under inferiors de cancel : below, and add : at (in, on) the
lower part of.
19, under superiors de cancel : over, above^ and add : at (in,
on) the upper part of.
28, line 25 from top, read : ruined e perded instead of : ruined
u perded.
b) Neutral- English Pari,
67 under inferiors de cancel : below, and add : at (in, on) the
lower part of.
76 under kompleksar cancel : to aggregate, and add : to
comprise ; to embrace ; to comprehend ; to include ; to
take in.
124 under superiors de cancel : over ; above, and add : at (in,
on) the upper part of.
c) English-Neutral Part.
137 under above, p., cancel : superiors demand add: superiors.
149 '• below, p., " inferiors de, •• sub.
222 " over, p., " superiors de, *' superiors.
For Typographical Errors see end of the volume.
\
I .
APPENDIX
BRIEF HISTORY
O F THE
INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF THE
UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE.
[This History and the preceding: Grammar, written by Mr. Woldemar
Rosenberg:er, Vice-director of the Academy, were, with his permission, trans-
lated by me for this work from the orig^inal German.— M. A. F. H.]
The International Academy of the Universal Language owes
its origin to three congresses, which were held by Volapiikists.
The first congress of the Volapiik union, to which the inventor of
Volapiik, Rev. J. M. Schleyer, in his " Weltspracheblatt (Volapiik-
abled)**(^) had invited "all friends, well-wishers and knowers of
Volapiik,** took place in Friedrichshafen on Lake Constance from
the 25th to the 28th of August, 1884. At this congress there were
present Volapiikists from Germany, Austria and Alsace ; German
was the language used;(*) no decisions of importance were
arrived at — at least none were made public — but a committee was
chosen, which was commissioned to prepare for a second congress
to be held at a fitting time and place, (^) and this committee at the
beginning of 1887, in Schleyer 's Volapiikabled and in Cogabled,
issued an invitation to all Volapiikists of the world to attend an
international congress to be held in Munich from the 6th to the 9th
of August, 1887.1*)
(*) "Weltspracheblatt (Volapiikabled)." Editor: Schleyer, Constance,
IVth year, 1884, No. 44. (*) *' Volapukabled." 1884, No. 45. (»)"Cogabled
volapiika," ed. by Schnepper, Munich, lid year, 1888, No. 15, p. 120. C*) Vola.-
pakabled, 1887, No. 73, and Cogabled, 1887, 15[o. 2, vA'b.
277
278 HISTORY OF THE ACADBBfY
In this congress of Munich ( i)some immaterial grammatical
questions were decided ; (2)statutes were prepared for a general
international world-language club, which, however, came to
nought ;(^) and (3)in order to preserve the unity of the language
and to perfect VolapUk, an international society called the Inter-
national Academy of the Universal Language was founded, which
should begin its work the ist of January, i888.(«) Prof. Dr.
Auguste Kerckhoffs of Paris, secretary of the extraordinarily
active "Association fran9aise pour la propagation du Volapiik"
and author of the French Vola^k Dictionary,!*) into which he
had introduced some simplificatiops of the lang^uage, was unani-
mously chosen Director of the Academy, and seventeen persons
from twelve different countries were chosen as kademals, that is
academicians or members of the Academy. (*)
In § 9 of the resolutions of the congress that relate to the
founding of the Academy, it is said that the Academy itself should
formulate its own statutes, as a basis for which the statutes pro-
posed by Schleyer(5) and all applicable paragraphs of the statutes
of the " Academic frangaise " should be used. After their ratifica-
tion by the cifal (Director general : an honorary position created
for Schleyer), the statutes should be commimicated to the congress
(perhaps a future one is intended). In § 8 of the same xesolutions
it was provided that a congress of the Academy should be held
every third year at the beginning of August, that is at the same
time with the congress of the above-mentioned general world-
language club.(^) Paris or Vienna was chosen as the place of the
next congress .(^)
(*)R. Kniele, "Das erste Jahrzehnt der Weltsprache Volapiik." Ueber-
lineen, A. Schoy, 1889, p. 55. (') Cogabled, 1887, Nos. 9 and 10, and Volapaka-
gais
ho£fs, Paris, le Soudier, lid year, 1887, ^o.\\. .\;^^.^J*^^^
"Sand 79. (V Co^a Wed, 1887. No. 10. O^No\apM\L«L\A^A^>^^.«^.
HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 279
Professor Kerckhoffs had accepted his election as Director on the
following two conditions: (i) that the resolutions [he erroneously
calls them statutes] of the Munich congress relative to the Academy
be considered as provisional and be submitted to a new examina-
tion at the coming Volapiik congress in the year 1889, on the
occasion of the great Paris Exposition ; (2) that, besides the above-
mentioned seventeen persons, seven other gentlemen proposed by
him be accepted as academicians. (^) The seventeen academicians
already chosen and Schleyer also assented to these conditions. {^)
Thus the future congress had a perfect right to ratify statutes, and
the question as to the time and place of the next congress was
also decided — Paris, 1889.
The work of the Academy now began, and Schleyer was the
first to propose certain questions to the Academy; among others this:
Should every root without exception begin with a consonant ?(* )
The Director of the Academy in his correspondence with its
members made use of ** Le Volapiik," a journal edited by himself,
and first of all laid down the following programme for the labors of
the Academy: I. Alphabet: (a) sounds, (b) letters. II. Formation
of Words : (a) roots, (b) derivatives, (c) compounds. III. Arrange-
ment of Words. IV. Grammar: (a) declension), (b) conjugation,
(c) use and signification of prepositions, adverbs, etc. V. Exami-
nation of improperly formed words of the Dictionary. VI. Pro-
posing of new words.(^)
After this programme had been approved by the Academy, he
entered upon the work proper and began with the question,
whether the sounds dou should be admitted into the language or
not and, in the former event, whether they should be rendered by
the forms ddu or otherwise.
From these questions on the part of Schleyer and of the
Director it is perceived that the Academy had to decide not only a
(^)l^ Volapiik, 1887, No. 11, PP- "l^.,' ^%x,^l\H ^^^^'^^'«->^^'^^^^>^^-^
280 HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY
few unimportant questions, such as had been hitherto raised by
Volapiikists, but that radical changes in the language were immi-
nent and that great and earnest work was demanded of the
Academy ; for, if the majority had answered the above two ques-
tions in the negative, all dictionaries and textbooks of Volapuk
would immediately have become useless, and for half the Volapiik
words and for many grammatical forms the Academy would
have had to create new words and forms, so that an entirely new
laiiii^uage would have arisen, for which even the name Volapiik
would no longer have been suitable. It may be noted in passing
that the answers were such that no radical changes were immediately
necessary.
Thereupon the Director, in accordance with his programme,
])n)posed other questions to the Academy and, after the answers of
the individual academicians had been received, compared them,
and the opinion of the majority formed a resolution of the Academy.
Such resolutions were published in the journal *' he Volapiik."
In proposing questions and in announcing the result the Director
made use of Volapiik.
At first the Academy had labored very diligently, so that at
the beginning of the year 1889 the following had been resolved :
what sounds were allowable in the language, by what letters they
should be represented, the accentuation of words, and some
principles for the formation of words ; the two leading principles
for the selection of roots were as follows : (i) it is allowed to choose
roots at will, but when possible, short roots existing in the natural
languages should be preferred, (2) it is not necessary to retain the
original form of the root, but that form which is nearest the
original is the best. — Further, it had been resolved that the order
of words in the sentence should not be optional, but should take
place in accordance with simple, fixed rules and, as for declension,
t/i3t both kinds of declension (\i 1 maiy s»o ex-^x^^^ \vv3%'?L\i\ should
be permitted— by means of the endings -a. -c, -i ^xve^.^K^v^^-^^N.-
HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 281
tions— ife for the genitive and al for the dative. — Resolutions in
regard to conjugation and the form of pronouns were, however,
still lacking ; neither had the Academy yet entered upon the
examination of improperly formed words nor the proposing of new
words. Thus the programme was not yet fully elaborated, and
consequently the Director could not carry into effect his intention of
submitting to the congress of August, 1889, a finished grammatical
project for final ratification ; he therefore published shortly before
the congress a grammatical project, in which these important points
(conjugation and pronouns) were not drawn up in accordance with
resolutions of the Academy, but contained some of the Director's
proposed changes, which were still waiting ratification.(^) As,
however, these proposed changes did not meet with the general
approbation of the Academy, there could not be question of a
ratification by the congress of the proposed grammatical project ;
even the discussion of questions of grammar in the congress proved
impossible, for it would have led to debates taking up much time,
and would have accomplislyd no practical result ; therefore the
congress contented itself with entrusting to the Academy the
preparation of a simple grammar.(2)
The congress was held in Paris August 19-21, 1889, and was
participated in by Volapilkists from thirteen different countries :
France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, England, Spain, Russia, Den-
mark, Austria-Hungary, Greece, United States of America, Turkey
and China. The language of the congress was Volaplik. — The
principal work of the congress consisted in a detailed examination
of all the twenty-one paragraphs of the statutes of the Interna-
tional Academy of the Universal I^anguage, which the preparatory
committee appointed by Professor Kerckhoffs had elaborated, and
in the ratification of these (after some changes) in the form in
which they are here given (see below) in an English translation.
(') he Volapuk, 1889, No. 24, p. 324. {'^) ^.e ^oVa.vvv^A'^%^>^^«'^^^'^-'^^'^;
282 HISTORY OF THB ACADEMY
They are still in force to-day ; in § i it is expressly stated that the
task of the Academy is to complete and improve the grammar and
dictionary of the inventor. — ^According to the last paragraph these
statutes can be changed only by an international congress. In
relation to congresses of the Universal Language the resolution of
the 2oth of August runs as follows : ''The Academy must decide
where and when the next congress should be held ; the Academy
should form the preparatory committee for the congress. **(*)
Schleyer, who had not been present at the congress, announced
that he ratified all paragraphs of the statutes with the exception of
those which determined his rights in the Academy, and that he
reserved to himself a veto in all cases.(*) As no right of ratifica-
tion had been granted to Schleyer by the congress, no attention
was paid to this claim.
Thus the International Academy of the Universal Language
had become a viable, self-existent institution, whose given right
and imposed duty were : (i) to complete the grammar and diction-
ary of the inventor, and (2) to introdu^^a\A^^A'«e». ^^.\^n .^>. *kl-
HISTORY OP THE ACADBMY 283
seiited,--a method of voting not provided for in the statutes.(^) It
was not possible to arrive at an agreement in this way, and if the
views of the different Volapttk clubs and journals and their corres-
pondents were already, even before this, widely divergent, the
strife of parties was increased by this action, and in a short time
instead of one grammatical project there were many, for many of
the academicians had laid their votes before the Director in the
form of independent grammatical projects, and some of them had
also published their projects. — It can not be denied that many of
these grammatical projects contained good proposals that deserved
to be taken into consideration by the Academy ; therefore it was
the general wish that the Director would submit the various pro-
posals to a vote of the Academy in the journal of the Academy,
which he meanwhile had founded under the name of "Calabled"
Kadema " (official paper of the Academy) [of which, however, only
two numbers appeared]. The Director had the floor, so to speak,
and the whole Volapttk world waited expectantly fojr what would
now come from Paris. Professor Kerckhoffs, however, for many
months remained silent. — ^This circumstance and the disagreement
of Volapttkists had for result, that interest in Volapttk ceased rather
suddenly, and the ardent propaganda from this time onward con-
stantly declined.
In order again to put in motion the interrupted work of the
Academy, in November, 1890, at the instance of the St. Petersburg
Volapttk Club (Zilak volapttkol), a petition signed by twenty-three
academicians and nineteen other Volapttkists was sent to the
Director with the request that he would submit to the Academy
the nine leading grammatical projects (of academicians Day and
Holden, Guigues, Heyligers, Kerckhoffs, Knuth, Krttger, Lederer
and von Rylski,(*) Plum,(^) Rosenberger) grouped in separate
(») Le Volapuk, No. 27, Nov./Dec, 1889, and "Calabled Kadema," edited by
Kerckhoffs, Paris, 1890, No. 1. (•)** VolapuTtaiL«^seAr WVVv-s^^x A«¥5i.^^'a..'b->x.
r'J" TimapenUdvolapiikilc plo DUn e l^or|^n,l«\. ^tw A'^Ki^^-^^N^'^-
284 HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY
paragraphs, beginning with the most important, in order that the
Academy might choose from the proposed forms in each individual
instance those that were desired. This request was not complied
with, although § 17 of the statutes says that every proposal signed
by at least six members of the Academy must be brought before
the Academy ; but instead of this there appeared once more, in the
second number of the academic paper, of date December, 1890, a
complete grammatical project with a very inaccurate account of
the proposals made by the academicians, and by a circular of
July 20, 1891, Professor Kerckhoffs conveyed the intelligence that
he had determined to lay down his office.
Thereupon the Academy commissioned a provisional com-
mittee, consisting of Champ-Rigot, Guigues and Heyligers, three
members of the Academy living in Paris, to bring about the election
of a new Director.
This committee reported its work in its six circulars to the
members of the Academy of November 2, 1891 to December 14, 1892.
The committee issued a financial report, had a so-called normal
grammar (Glamat nomik) printed, which was written in Volapftk,
in which are given all the rules in the form in which they had
been accepted by the Academy, and by vote of the academicians
brought about the election of several new members of the Academy
and finally of the Director, whereby it was my lot to receive the
honor of an election to this office for five years. Since one of the
members of the committee, H. Heyligers, by a circular to the
academicians of date January 15, 1893, announced that he knew
nothing of the election of a new Director, as he had been present
at no meeting of the committee for at least three months, it was
decided by the Academy to submit the work of the committee, in
so far as it concerned the election of a Director, to a revision ; and
this was entrusted to the VolapUk club of Leitmeritz in Bohemia. (i)
(^) My circular to the members of the Academy of date Feb. 16, 1893, No. 2.
/
HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 285
After making this examination the Leitmeritz club, by a circular
to the academicians of date May 16, 1893, announced that I was
actually the newly-elected Director.
Meanwhile the Academy had been inactive for nearly four years,
'^ interest in Volapilk had materially diminished, Schleyer ignored
the greater changes, the number of members of the Academy had
decreased to fifteen and of Volapiik papers to three, most of the
Volapilk clubs had ceased their activity, and the few remaining
Volapukists were hostile to each other : some held to Schleyer and
'^his Volapttk, others regarded Volapilk with Kerckhoffs's changes
as the ideal of an international language, the rest broke up into
a number of smaller groups, each of which defended one of the
many linguistic systems that arose at that period. — In spile of
these conditions, so unfavorable for the labors of the Academy,
convinced of the adaptability of an artificial language to interna-
tional intercourse, and trusting in the feasibility of the task of the
Academy and in the serviceableness of the statutes elaborated at
Paris, I ventured to take up the interrupted work.
In the first place I left the grammar entirely alone and began
I with the most important part of the work — the examination of
I improperly formed words and the proposing of new words. — First
I laid before the Academy for examination a list of such Volapilk
words as I was persuaded needed no change, e. g. delfin, legion^
tneial, etc., since they appear in most European languages, and in
this I had noted after each word in what languages the word may
be found (the following seven languages were always kept in view:
English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Russian and Latin).
In the second list, instead of the corresponding Volapilk words, I
proposed to the Academy to accept such words as by their form
fitted perfectly into the Volapilk system, that is began and ended
with a consonant, and could thus be taken into the dictionary
without detriment to the Volapilk grammar, and which complied
with th^ above-mentioned resolution of the Academy — that the
286 HISTORY OP THE ACADEUY
original form of the word should be retained as far as possible—
much better than the respective Volapflk words, e. g. fabrik,
manufactory instead oi fablud; balsam, balsam instead of bain;
irup, troop instead of tlup, etc. In this I met with very little
opposition : most of the words proposed by me were accepted
unanimously, and objection was made by individual academicians
to only a few words, that is counter-proposals were made; for
instance, I had proposed Jrai^ brother instead of blod, for which
academician Plum of Copenhagen considered fratr still more
suitable. In such cases I brought the question once more before
the Academy, that is I had the academicians choose between both
the proposed words, and that word for which the most votes had
been given was considered accepted according to § 13 of the statutes.
In my communications with the members of the Academy I
did not make use of a periodical, as this had proved unsuitable, for
each number of such must consist of a fixed number of pages and
appear at a stated time ; but what I had to say to the academicians
I caused to be printed in the form of circulars of from one to twelve
pages, just as they were needed, naturally in Volaptlk, and sent
two copies to each academician with the request that in one of the
copies he would record his vote on the questions proposed and
return this copy signed to me as soon as possible j; as to this last,
the Academy had granted me the right to disregard all votes
received later than sixty-five days after I sent out the respective
questions. This long time was fixed upon to enable the Brazilian
member of the Academy to take part in the work, and it was
impossible for his vote to arrive in St. Petersburg at an earlier
date. — All the questions were so worded that the academicians
were obliged to answer by yes or no, so that I was able to count
the votes for and against ; but in case of new proposals, for instance
of words or grammatical rules, 1 \iad t^c\uested that the academi-
ciaus would never vote simpVy no,\i\x\.,\i ax^^owa ^v^ajgt^'B^s. ^^t^Xl
the proposal that he would maVL^ a \>^Vt^x oti^ % \x^ ^\^v;2Q.\a.N.\sx
HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 287
case both proposals were laid before the Academy to choose from,
as has already been pointed out in the above-cited example of
Jrat and fratr. In this way, on the one hand, many really good
and practical proposals came to light, which is most desirable in
such work, and every proposal of every academician was put to the
vote of the Academy ; on the other hand opportunity was given to
each member of the Academy to make his own proposals and to
take part in the selection of a definite proposal from among several.
Thence also contentment reigned among the members of the
Academy, whose number by the accession of very capable persons
began to increase.
At that time, as is mentioned above, besides VolapQk several
other systems of artificial language had appeared. I must here
name the chief among them, as they had a material influence on
the labors of the Academy :
1. La lingvo intemacia by Dr. Esperanto (Zamenhof) of War-
saw .(^)
2. Kosmos by Eugene A. Lauda of Berlin.(2)
3. Spelin by Professor J. Bauer of Agram.(*)
4. Myrana by J. Stempfl of Oberreute in Bavaria. (*)
5. Lingua internazional or Mondolingue by J. Lott of
Vienna.(^)
6. Universala by Dr. Eugene Heihtzeler, principal, of Stutt-
gart.(«)
(*) Dr. Esperanto. "Internationale Sprache." Warsaw: Gebethner and
Wolff, 1887 (it appeared at the same time in French, Russian and Polish).
— L. Zamenhof. ** Universal- WSrterbuch der internationalen Sprache ' Espe-
ranto.' " Warsaw: printed by A. Gins, 1894. (") Eugene A. Lauda.^ " I. Darf
Volapiik die Weltsprache werden. II. Kosmos oder neueste LSsung des
Weltspracheproblems." Berlin: Paul Henning:, 1888. ("jProf. J. Bauer.
** Spelin, eine Allsprache." Agram: Franz Suppan, 1888. (*)J. Stempfl.
•* Mjrrana und Weltsprache." Kempten: J. Ki5sel, 1889. (•) Julius Lott. " Un
Wngua JntemazionaV Vienna: pnnted \>y 'Pt^LoJtewsN.^vck. ^xsA. ^^•^'es^ss^-^
i^ipzig, 1890. («>Dr. Eugene HeintzeVer. '' \3tLvifeT^tfi«Lr ^"oaXN-ta^^v. -^^-^^nJ^^
Hoth, 1893.
288 HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY
7. Novilatiin by Dr. E. Beermann, headmaster, of Nordhau-
sen.(^)
Besides these artificial languages the works of the following
persons also influenced the Academy : Dr. T. C. Winkler of Haar-
lem, ("^) John Runstr5m of Stockholm, (3) editor Karl I^ntze of t
Leipsic, (*) Edgar von Wahl of Reval and Anton von Grabovski |
of Ivano-Vosnesensk, the accentuation of words adopted by the
Academy, namely on the vowel preceding the last consonant,
being a proposal of Bauer vin Spelin) and Wahl, (^) and the plural
ending -2, a proposal of Zamenhof(^) and Grabovski. (') If the
language of Dr. Esperanto was the best work in practical execu-
tion, on the other hand the best theoretical directions for creating I
an international language had been given by J. Stempfl. With '
the probable exception of Prof. Bauer, all the above-cited authors
agreed in this, that the roots of words must be taken from living
languages or from the Latin, and with as little change as possible.
Of the greatest importance to the labors of the Academy was i
the work of Dr. Alberto Liptay, " Eine Gemeinsprache der Kultur-
vOlker," which appeared in 1891, in which the author instituted a
critical inquiry into the projects of universal language that had
appeared up to that time, and laid down fixed principles for the
building up of a dictionary of an international language, but did
not himself proceed to the execution of this work. He then
pointed out that there already exists a large number of so-called
world- words, e.g. animal, which is intelligible to nearly all nations
and certainly to all civilized peoples, even to those who do not, as
(M Dr. E. Beermann. "Novilatiin." I^eipzig: G. Fock, 1895. Cf. many •
articles of the same author in " L,inguist," an independent journal for all
friends of a universal langfuagre, edited by Max Wahren. Hannover: 1896 and
1897. -)Dr. T. C. Winkler. " BumastOf plo vOdasbuk fudik volapuka." Haar-
lem: J. Inklaar, 1890. (=»^ John Runstrcim. *' Mobs tefSl volapiiki de Schleyer."
Stockholm: F. Mfiilborn & Co., 1888. (.*)" Interpretor," Internationale Zeit-
schrift fiir Weifsprache, herausgegeben vou "K».t\ v,t\i\.x^ va. I^ipzigf, 1889, Nos.
J— 22, and 1S90, No. 1. (") J. L,ott. " \3tv \\uK>aivjL •vQXfeT^«.x\«ti»jLr >^SKi, ^, vi.
(^> " :Bsperantistor 1894, No. 2. <.' r Keiotma \>To^^c^o- va. ^va«avsxr ^.
by Max Wahren, 1896, No. 3, p. 40.
HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 289
the English, the French, the Italians, the Spanish, the Portuguese,
etc., use it as a vocable of their mother- tongue ; thus the German
speaks of Animalismus, Animalien, animalisieren, and of animali-
schen Bigenschaften.(i) Further examples of such world-words
were : artificial ^ universal, amor, color, baron, balkon, amen, volu-
men, merkantil, vulcan,fabrica7it, tniserable, natur, divin, adyeciiv,
observatotiutn^ celibat, evangelist^ tabak, cigar, kafe, te, sport,
club, astronofHy logaritm>, etc. — in all over 8,000 words. (2)— AH
these words are entitled to admission to the dictionary of a
language intended for international use, just as are the elements
of which these words are composed, — only they must be discovered
and collected(^)— indeed Liptay lays down the proposition that a
universal language must not be invented, but discovered.! ^) Con-
vinced of the impossibility of creating a universal language,
Liptay proposed the attaining of a common language by way of
synthesis or compilation of such elements as are already within
the reach of every human understanding and only await condensa-
tion into something tangible or visible and to be brought into a
homogeneous form.C*^) — As to the manner of writing the world-
words we find in the same work directions most worthy of
notice ;{®) what Liptay most exhaustively says as to the interna-
tional value of single letters can be denied in only a few instances.
After the work of Dr. Liptay had been submitted to Professor
Max MUller of Oxford, he expressed his opinion to the author in
the following terms : "Your idea of choosing roots almost univer-
sally understood by men of education is excellent, and the gram-
matical articulation that you propose is very practicable, although
here and there perhaps something simpler and more practical could
be suggested. What you have to do now is to elaborate a complete
(*'Dr. Alberto Liptay. ** Eine Gemeinsprache der Kulturvolker." Leipzig:
F. A. Brockhaus, 1891, p. 150. ^' id. pp. 151— 16«\. <.=* > \d. ^^. U^^ Vkl - V^^N v^^- 's>-
228. ("J id. p. 146. Cf. Rosenberger. " Was viVt SeilxV T.>ai \>axcQ. >Ra5^^^"" ^"^
Liasruist, " ed. by Wahren, 1896, No. 4. C*) i^. in>. \ie>— \^^.
290 HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY
dictionary."(»)— It appears that Dr. Liptay has not followed Max
Mliller's advice, for no dictionary by him has yet appeared.
The International Academy of the Universal Language, how-
ever, willingly followed these practical suggestions. After I had
called the attention of the Academy to the above-cited works on
universal language in general and to that of Liptay in particular'
and had invited the members to take them into consideration in
voting, in order that the Academy might not be behind in the
general movement, the leading principles of orthography were
soon settled, and then the resolution was passed that for every root
the international form must be sought, that is, that that root is the
best which appears in the most European languages. (* ) In
fulfilment of this resolution, I considered in the selection of words
to be proposed the seven leading languages of Europe, as above
mentioned, and after I had assured myself that still more suitable
forms had not been found by the above-mentioned writers, Espe-
ranto, Lott, Heintzeler and Beermann, I laid my proposals before
the Academy to be voted upon.
As, contrary to what had heretofore been held, the dictionary
and not the grammar was considered the more important, and as
very many international roots begin with a vowel, I necessarily
proposed such roots, although the forms of the Volapttk grammar
are very unsuitable for such roots ; on the other hand I had to
seek new grammatical forms that would suit these roots. — ^After
nmch search and many trials simple forms were found, e. g. the
verbal sufl&xes -av for the past and -ero for the future, which,
borrowed from the natural languages, are as well known to
educated Europeans as the artificial VolapUk forms ; wherefore
they also, with slight changes, were accepted by the Academy.
It was also possible to replace most of the arbitrarily invented
(^) id. page XIII. (") My circulars of 1 Nov., 1893, No. 6, §3, 28 Feb., 1895,
No, 14, and 30 Nov., 1895, No. 19.
HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 291
Volapak prefixes and suflfixes by more natural forms, and in many
cases even by international ones.(^) Most of the proposed words
were accepted by the Academy, and in case counter-proposals
were made, I proceeded as I pointed out above.
When the five years oi my directorship were at an end, the
programme of the work in essentials had been carried out ; the
Academy had accepted :
(i) rules for orthography and pronunciation,
(2) about 3,000 of the most necessary roots,
(3) the most necessary prefixes and suffixes,
(4) a large number of derivatives and compounds,
(5) all the pronouns,
(6) the most commonly used adverbs, prepositions, and con-
junctions,
(7) all the grammatical forms,
(8) rules for the order of words in the sentence.
The sum of the then-existent resolutions of the Academy
could already be rightly called an artificial language. This aca-
demic language is essentially distinguished from all other artificial
languages in this, that it is not the work of one man, but is the
result of years of toil on the part of a whole international society.
On the one hand, it can be just as easily spoken and written as
Volapttk, for the Volapftk principles— of an almost phonetic spell,
ing, of no exception to given rules, and of the simplicity and ease
with which derivatives can be formed from roots ('-*) — ^have been
retained ; but on the other hand, this language is much more
easily understood both by hearers and readers than VolapQk, since,
for all the elements of which the words are composed, such forms
were chosen as are already known to the majority of educated
(M Cf. Linguist, 1896, No. 4, p. 56. ClThis facility is due to the followingr
principles : (1) the root is never changred, (2) derivatives can be formed only
by appending: prefixes or suffixes, <3) there is but one prefix or suffix for each
single case, (4) the gfiven prefixes and suffixes can be annexed to a root at will,
in so far as the sense allows it.
292 HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY
Europeans.— Several members of the Academy already used the
new language instead of Volapttk for correspondence with their
colleagues, since they found that it is much easier to write in the
academic language than in Volapttk, although the resolutions of
the Academy had not yet been brought into a form available for
ready reference, and although there was no grammar in which the
accepted forms were collected, nor a dictionary where the accepted
words could be found in alphabetical order.
I having declined a re-election,(^) from the persons proposed
as Director of the Academy, on the i6th of May, 1898, Rev. M. A. F.
Holmes, member of the Academy, resident in Macedon, New York,
was unanimously elected for the term of five years.(®)
The circulars of the new Director to the academicians no
longer appeared in Volapilk, but in the new academic language, to
which the name Neutral Language (Idiom neutral) was soon given
by the Academy.
The new Director continued the work of the Academy in the
same spirit : the language was further enlarged both by changes
of some things previously accepted, but which had proved unsuit-
able, and by the acceptance of a large number of new roots and
new derivatives and compounds, and partly by means of several
new prefixes and sufl&xes.
The language is now so far finished that it can be practically
useful, and therefore it is time to publish in the form of grammar
and dictionary, as here presented, the resolutions so far passed by
the Academy.
The work of the Academy, however, is not ended, nor will it
ever altogether cease, for the Neutral Language, as every living
language, will be subject to constant growth, and accordingly the
Academy will be obliged continually to add to the dictionary.
CjMy circular No. 41 of 12 Nov., 1S9T. V'^^^ c\tc>a\w ^^.^^^v^-.-i».^.J,
HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 293
The Academy has granted me a coucession to publish the
German dictionary of the Neutral Language, and a similar conces-
sion for the English dictionary to Rev. Director Holmes.
Should the foregoing dictionary by its practical use in life
serve to facilitate international intercourse, its task is accomplished.
I consider it an agreeable duty on this occasion to express my most
obliged thanks to the Director, Rev. M. A. F. Holmes, for all the
friendly services which he has so kindly rendered to me during
the preparation of this book.
St. Petersburg, April, 1902. W. Rosenberger.
Since the above was written the German grammar and dic-
tionary of the Neutral Language have appeared, (^) and there are
already many indications that Idiom Neutral is destined to become
ill the near future the medium of international intercommunication,
jjeveral reviews have spoken in the highest terms of the language,
and Le Nouveau Pr^curseur, of Antwerp, Belgium, already pub-
lishes a biweekly letter, written in the Neutral Language, from a
correspondent in Russia.
A concession has been granted by the Academy to W. V. Bonto
van Bylevelt, one of the academicians for Holland, to publish the
Dutch grammar and dictionary of the language.
I take the present opportunity of testifying to the many helpful
suggestions received from Mr. W. Rosenberger, Vice-director of
the Academy ; all which have tended to the betterment of this
book.
Macedon, N. Y., April, 1903. M. A. F. HOLMES.
(*)W. Rosenberger. " WOrterbuch der Neutralsprache " u. s. w. Leipzigr
E. Haberland, 1902.
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STATUTES
O F THE
INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF THE
UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE
Enacted 19 — 21 August, 1889, by the International Congress of
Volapiikists in Paris.
[Translated from the Volapiik orig^inal by M. A. F. Holmes.]
1. The Academy busies itself only with the completion and
improvement of the grammar and dictionary of the inventor.
2. The Academy is the sole authority in questions of language.
3. Academicians are chosen from among the most eminent of
those who know the universal language in the different countries
of the earth.
4. In each country an academician may be chosen for every
ten million inhabitants ; a fraction of ten million is counted as
ten million.
5. Each country will have its normal number of academicians
only when the universal language will have been sufficiently
propagated therein.
6. This number may be increased exceptionally in favor of
very meritorious persons.
7. The election of academicians takes place on proposal by
the director and by a majority of the voters.
8. The director of the Academy must propose for the office of
academician those persons who are proposed to him by the clubs
of the respective countries.
9. If the clubs propose no person within two months, or if
there be no club, the candidate is selected by the director.
10. Academicians are chosen for five years ; re-election is
allowed.
//. The Academy is administeted Vi'^ ^ ^x^^^-v^isi^ ^^^^^s^:^^%^
300 STATUTES OF THE ACADEMY
of : (a) the inventor, (b) the director, (c) the vice-director, (d) two
secretaries
12. The director and the vice-director are elected by the
academicians for five years. They may be re-elected. The secre-
taries are appointed by the director.
13. A mere majority of the voters decides.
14. If the number of votes for and against is equal, the vote of
the director decides.
15. The resolutions of the Academy must be laid before the
inventor at once. If the inventor does not protest ag^ainst the
resolutions within thirty days, the resolutions are definitive. Those
resolutions which are not approved by the inventor will again be
laid before the Academy, and will become definitive only after they
will have been accepted by a two-thirds majority.
16. The resolutions of the Academy are published in the
universal language in the official journal of the Academy, which
is chosen by the Academy.
17. The director must lay before the Academy every proposal
that is signed by six academicians.
18. An academician who refuses to obey the definitive resolu-
tions of the majority, or who for a year and without just cause has
refused to take part in the labors of the Academy, has ceased to be
an academician. The director should propose his dismissal.
19. The dismissal of an academician is resolved by a two-thirds
majority of the voters.
20. Everv academician pays a contribution of ten francs a year
until the Academy will have the necessary means. The directorate
of the Academy resolves how this money will be used. One of
the secretaries is cashier of the Academy.
21. These statutes can be changed only by an international
congress.
The original is signed by Paul Champ- Rigot, secretary of the
congress.
INDEX TO THE GRAMMAR
(The figures refer to the paragraphs.)
Abbreviations, 84.
Accent (mark), 2.
Accent (stress), 2.
Accentuation, 2.
Accusative, 3.
Active, 37-49-
Adjective, 8.
Adjective as substantive, 11.
Adjective, position of, 10.
Adverb, 58-64, 17.
Adverb, numeral, 20,
Adverb, participial, 49.
Adverb, position of, 64,
Article, 4, 27.
Aryan languages, radicals taken
from, 72.
Cardinal numbers, 13.
Cardinal numbers, position
of, 19.
Comparison, 9, 63.
Complements of time, place and
reason, position of, 64.
Compounds, 82, 83.
Conditional, 41, 42.
Conjugation, 36.
Conjunction, 67, 68.
Consonants, i.
Dating, manner of, 22.
Dative, 3.
Days of week, 22.
Declension, 3.
Declension of pronouns, 29, 33,
34.
Derivatives, 80, 81.
Diminutives, 6.
Distributives, 16.
Feminine, 5.
Foreign words, pronunciation
of, I.
Formation of words, 71-83
Fractions, 18.
Fractions, position of, 19.
Gender, 5.
Genitive, 3.
Gerundive, 52.
Imperative, 44.
Indicative, 37-40.
Infinitive, 45, 46.
Interjection, 69, 70.
Iteratives, 17.
Masculine, 5.
Months of year, 22.
Multiplicatives, 15.
Neuter, 5.
Nominative, 3.
Numeral, 13-23.
Ordinal numbers, 14.
Orthography, i, 73.
Participle, 39, 47, 48, 5 1-
Passive, 50-53.
Plural, formation of, 3, 33.
Prefixes, 80, 82.
301
332
INDEX
Preposition, 65, 66.
Preposition, position of, 66.
Primitives, 72-79.
Pronoun, 24-35.
Pronoun, correlative, 35.
Pronoun, demonstrative, 32.
Pronoun, indefinite, 34.
Pronoun, interrogative, 33.
Pronoun, personal, 24-29.
Pronoun, position of, 31.
Pronoun, possessive, 30-31.
Pronoun, relative, 33.
Pronunciation, i, 2.
Questions, 57.
Radicals, 71-79.
Reciprocity, 56.
Root never changes, 75.
Specimens of the language, 85,
and passim.
Subjunctive, 43.
Substantive, 3.
Suffixes, 81, and passim.
Time of day, 23.
Verb, 36-57.
Verb from adjective, 12.
Verb, impersonal, 54.
Verb, numeral, 21.
Verb, position of, 37.
Verb, reflexive, 55.
Vowels, I.
Vowels, consecutive, i.
CONTENTS
PAGE.
Preface, -.---.---- v
Grammar, -_------_ i
Specimens of the Language, ------ 28
Dictionary :
(a) Neutral-English, ..-__. 33
(b) English-Neutral, ------- 137
Supplement, __--__- 275
Appendix :
(a) History of the International Academy of the Uni-
versal Language, - - - - - -277
(b) List of the Members of the Academy, - - 294
(c) Statutes of the Academy, - - _ . _ 299
Index to the Grammar, ----- 301
303
ERRATA
Page 3, line 4 from top, read alea/r instead of aleatr.
7, line 18 from top, read kulnk^// instead of UulnJbupl, 1
33, col. I, line i, insert •*)" after "numerals." 1
35, col. I, line 3 from bottom, read "." instead of ";"
45, col. 2, line 17 from top, read bullar instead of bullar. 1
46, col. I, line 3 from top, read "dactyl" instead of "dak-j
tyl."
87, col. 2, line 2 from bottom, insert ";" after "of." '
117, col. I, line 17 from bottom, read «« sert, pr." instead of
"sert, a."
140, col. 2, line 2 from top, read ««aer" instead of "aer."
142, col. 2, line 17 from bottom, read anterior^ instead of i
anterior^. ^
154, col. I, line i from top, read ** bouillon " instead of " bull- •
Ion." :
i65, col. 2, line 10 from bottom, read " a." instead of "n." ^
176, col. I, line 17 from bottom, dele "-" after omnl. \
177, col. 2, line 2 from bottom, read aUiUtar instead of
afllktar.
183, col, 2, insert: fellow, n., garson (familiar term).
196, col. I, line 12 from top, read "a." instead of **n."
199, col. 2, line 20 from bottom, read " a." instead of " n."
219, col. 2, line 18 from bottom, read " O " instead of " o."
228, col. 2, line 17 from top, read platoni^ instead of ;
'•platonz'^."
*' 275, line 10 from bottom, read «« unotr, pr.," instead of
* ** unotr, p."
V^ ^,
304 ^
V
1.1