A Report From The 1987 Winter Consumer Electronics Show

COMPUTE!

The Leading Magazine Of Home, Educational, And Recreational Computing

$3.00 April 1987 Issue 83 Vol, 9, No. 4

@

S4,25 Canada

02193 I5SN0194-357X

SpeedScript 80

Our powerful, full-featured 80-column word processor riow for Apple lie, lie, and IIGS

Menu Planner

Plan meais efficiently with this easy-to-use program for the Commodore 64, IBM PC/PCjr, Apple, SL Amiga, and Atari

Hyperscan

Stunning, high-speed graphics for the Commodore 64

Disk COMpacker For IBMT^C/PCJr-

Magazine Indexer

letst svstenrixfoni _.. ._ sty-les 'bind^, program contrbl frorh BASIC

'U86"02193'

SO REAL IT HURTS

GFL Championship Football™

The way computer football should be.

Amipscreeu

Other football games put you in the grandstands, looking down on the action. Now see what it's like from the player's perspective — looking out of your helmet at an angry linebacker headed straight for you, and no blockers in sight.

With GFL Championship Football,™ you've got the first football simulation that actually takes you down on the field, taking the hits and making the plays. And it's more than just a pretty picture — you really get the feel oi playing football.

No other football simulation gives you so many features:

• Iii-the-helmet perspective puts you at ground

tin imM['IO.»CSI!IK

FOOTBALL

mKwmf*^

level on the playing field.

• Scroliing-screen animation moves you up and down the playing field.

• Realistic sound effects let you hear everything from the quarterback calling the signals to the sound of your own footsteps.

• Team selection screens allow you to set the play- ing style of your team and that of your opponent.

Whether you're taking on bone-crunching action against a friend, or going up against any of the 27 computer-controlled teams in the GFL, this is the one that puts you where the action is!

Available now for the Commodoie 64/128, IBM PC and Tandy 1000, Apple 11, Amiga. Atari ST and 100% compatible computers.

fiW^'it^^^^x'mmmM

Amip screen

Commwlojv (W-12W scn.'en

Commodore 64-128 Mxeen

Commodore 64-L28 scnivn

smfSffw^

Ganicslar is a [rademark of AclivLskm Inc. Commodore 64. 12S and Anii^a jrr ir^ikiiurks ol Commiidoru HlcctroniLs Linnlcil, IBM PC is a [radcmarf, of In1cmaiii>nal Business Machines Cnnwrjiion. Tands is a irjdcmafk of Tandy Corptiralion. Atari and ST ixv tnidcmarks of Alan Curptinlion. App^c is u tradcnurt of Apple Computer. Attiviswxn ih Ibe rc^iMLTcd tmilemark t>f Acliviiion Inc. t' 1986 Aclivisitm Inc.

At last! DOME...

America's favorite bookkeeping system rxms on your computer.

Now the popular DOME bookkeeping sj'stem is easier and quicker to use than ever, tjirougii the power of your IBM, Apple, Commodore or Tandy computer, it works just like the familiar DOME record book used by millions of people for over forty years. Just enter receipts and expenses on each "page" on the screen. You can even turn the pages back to look at prior weeks or months. And you an erase! No more smudges, no more cross-outs. Just clear, error- free entries for all your transactions,

The entire DOME book on a single diskette!

In a simple format DOME includes a complete system for business and tax recordkeeping; income, expenses, payroll and financial reports. Plus, exclusive "pop-up" accessories appear on your screen with a single keystroke: a calculator, notepad, list of accounts and even a perpetual calendar. . .everything you need to maintain a set of books and business records for a full year.

And not only does DOME keep your records but it will help you analjfze them with powerful reprt- ing capabilities.

Reports you always wished you had.

Look up or list every expense for the past year, month or day. You can do if by payee or account. Analyze income by product or service. If }'ou have employees, DOME will help when 941 and \V-2 forms are due. And print weekly or monthly financial statements showing profit or loss.

Sets up in less than 10 minutes!

Because DOME is based on the familiar DOME book, you already know how to use it! Save time setting up, save time learning and save time each week-because DOME does all the addition for you with complete accurac)'. All you do is enter your income and expenses, and let DOME do the resti

Try it yourself for 15 days without obligation!

Syaero Raq; IBM PC. XT. AT or compalibles. 3561t; Apple He. ilc; Commodofe 64. 128; Tandy 1000. 1200. 3000. 2Mk. Printer optional.

$39

95

Complete and mail the coupon or

CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-528-5015

and charge it to your credit card!

YES!

Please send me DOME Accounting By Cotnpuier. If 1 ain [ not completely satisfied. I may return it within 15 days lor a full and prompt refund.

niBMS39,95 D Apple S39.95 0 Commodore S39.95 D Tandy S39.95 D Payment enclosed Charge my DVisa D MC

(plus SI .50 shippingi (plus SI .51) shipping'

Qidf	1 1	E-xpires
Signaiure	Ph.ine
Name	Tulc
Company
Address

Cily/Slaie/Zip

Great American Software, Inc.

I 9 Columbia Dr. 'FO Box 910, Amher,st,NH 03031* 1603) 889-MOO I

IBM. Apple. Commodore, and Tandy are regjseied iridemarks of Iniemaiiofial Busings Machines. Inc., Apple Cocnputer. Inc.. Cbfrtmodore Business Macnines. Inc.. ind Tandy R^io Shact Computers, nspsctndly,

DOME* Publishing, Warwick. RI

Best Selling Word Processing Package" -billboard scompihtr software chart*

PAPERCLIP II

FOR THE COMMODORE 128 ^^^\

■ Compatible with C-64 Paperclip files: the i^ '"'' natural choice for C- 128 upgrades 0** '

■ Includes integrated 38,000-word spelling checker

■ Built-in telecommunications module: access on-line services, incorporate on-line data in your work, and send text to other users

■ New editing features include multiple columns, reverse video scroll, chaptering, powerful macros

■ Maximum document size expanded to 999 lines

PAPERCUP FOR THE APPLE Ik, c

■ Insert/Delete, Move & Copy, Cut & Paste, ,t Global Search & Replace *f0 '•

■ Automatic page numbering, headers and i,,, ^'' footers Qt^yl

■ Simplified columns, tabbing and scrolling

■ Form letter and mailing label functions

■ Unique new capabilities for Apple: dual text windows, automatic text protection, macro commands and more

PAPERCLIP

FOR ATARI HOME COMPUTERS

(WTTHSPELLPACKFOR THE 130 XE)

■ All the high-productivity editing features plus: Dual Text Windows, Automatic Paging, Macros and much more

■ Fully-integrated SpellPack spelling checker on the same disk

■ 36000 words in the SpellPack dictionary plus you can add thousands more

■ Memory-resident for speed and convenience: no need to quit the word processor to check a document

PAPERCUP with SPELLPAK FOR THE COMMODORE 64

■ Built-in spelling checker

■ All the high- productivity text editing features

■ Move, Copy, Insert, Delete — words, sentences or entire blocks of text

■ Macro power: define & store up to 52 repetitive words/ phrases, then enter them with just one keystroke

■ Includes 80- column Print Preview display, requires no extra hardware

■ Sophisticated Global Search & Replace, Mail Merge and Mailing Label functions

PAPERCUP ELITE FOR THE ATARI ST and COMMODORE AMIGA

■ Go beyond word-processing, with idea processing, text/graphics integration, real-time spell checKjng, independent variable columns and so much more. Look for PaperCIip Elite. Coming soon.

"you can't go wrong choosing Paper Clip"

- THE GUIDE TO COMPUTER LIVING

"the Cadillac of word processors."

- OMNI MAGAZINE

"best professional word processor available"

-RUNIVIAGAZJNE

"by far the best word processor ever available

...So clearly superior, . . . State-of-the-art

word processing"

-ANTIC

"as far as we are concerned. PaperCIip is the top word processor running on a micro computer."

- HOME APPLICATIONS FOR THE C-64

"Performance: excellent Error-handling: excellent Value: excellent . . You'll find yourself growing spoiled. "

- FAMILY COMPLTING "Exceptional word processing .."

-INPUT

"many features . . . easy to use"

- ATARI EXPLORER

"A superb word processor ...the most sophisticated to date."

- COMPUTE MAGAZINE

"... the ultimate word processor

- ANALOG MAGAZINE

"One of the easiest of the professional word processors ...a sensible manual . . , plenty of aids for the accident prone. "

- COMPUTING NOW

"An excellent word processor . . . well designed . . . many advanced features. "

- INFOWORLD

"a "must have" in an ideal software library"

- ELECTRONIC LEARNING

"... most powerful of packages"

- COMMODORE MAGAZINE

"PaperCIip is a logical evolutionary step

forward."

-AHOY

"... facts attest to its excellence!"

- FAMILY COMPUTING

BATTERIES INCLUDED

BATTERIVS IM:LUD[I>, in tfM compaiwM Mural Sli«r,Rlehmowl Hilt Ontario, Conoda, MB IBS (416)8*1 »n, Curtomtrlnronwilion (llBlffl

E( you cant find IhlH pnMjurt rI your local relallcr, you m«> nrtltr II dirfcl from uk al the full »u(tj?»ti?d list price pEui f 5.00 for po«la(;c and handllnff. For

prtxlucl orivn plcBse call 1-W00-3S7-5707 (t:.S. only). Kor mosl tlutlerics Included producdtyou ran always have Uie lateat vemlon olyourpnjKram by

reluming llic original disk and SIO.OO. Write !o u» for our full coiorcalalog of producls (or Ihe APPLE. APPLE M^CLVTOSH. ATARI, ATARI ST,

COMMODORE, COHMODORi; .A-MIGA. AND IBM SYSTT.VK.

C1S86 Batlertet Included. APPLE. APPLE MACINTOSH, ATARI, ATARI ST. COMMOmiBE, COMMODORE A.VI1GA, AMI IBM are registeral trademarks

re.p«tiiTly otAPPlJ. COMPLTERS INC. ATARI CORPORATION. COMMODORE BlSl.NF-SS MACHINES INC.. AND INTER.iiATlONAL BUSINESS MACIHNES INC.

Some featurtamavvmry with computer syBlem used.

•AS COUriLED FROM NATIONAL RETAIL SALES REPORTS. US SUGGESTED LIST PRICE.

HBTAILERS MAY SELL FOR LESS.

Integral Solutions

COMPUTE!

APRIL 1987 VOLUME 9 NUMBER 4 ISSUE 83

FEATURES

18 Report from the Winter Consumer Electronics Show:

The Fireworl<s Continue Seiby Bateman and Tom R. HalfhIII

41 SpeedScript 80: The 80-CoIumn Machine Language Word Processor

for Apple II Charles Brannon, Kevin Martin, and Bill Rodrick

60 Menu Planner W, M. Shockley

GUIDE TO ARTICLES AND PROGRAMS

AP AP/AT/ST/AM/

64/PC/PCjr

REVIEWS

64 Tass Times in Tonetown

Ervin Bobo

65 Aifheorf for the Apple II James V, Trunzo

66 Lance Haffner Games James V, Trunzo

67 Instant Music for the Amiga Neil Randall

68 The SoundMouse Rhett Anderson

AM/AP/ST/

64/PC/Mac

AP

AP/Moc/AT/ST/

AM/64/PC

AM

AT

COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS

4 The Editor's Notes Richard Mansfield

8 Readers' Feedback The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE I

69 The Beginner's Page: Odds and Ends C. Regena

70 Computers and Society: A Meeting with an Ex-Pirate David D. Thornburg

72 The World Inside the Computer:

The COMPUTEREYES/2 Digitizer Fred D'Ignazio

73 Microscope Sheldon Leemon

74 ST Outlook: Atari Does It Again Philip I. Nelson

75 IBM' Personal Computing: Low-priced Speed and Space Donald B. Trivette

76 AmigaVtew: The New Amigas Sheldon Leemon

77 Telecomputing Today: April Antics Arlan R, Levitan

78 INSIGHT; Atari— Retry, Retry, Retry Again Bill Wilkinson

ST PC

AM

*

AT

THE JOURNAL

80 Simple Banners for IBM PC/PCjr Vic Neupauer

81 Easy BASIC Autoboot Ron Goodman

82 HyperScan: A Full-Featured Mandelbrot Graphics Program . Kenneth W. Shepard 88 Disk COMpacker for IBM PC/PCjr Ronald Dorchester

91 Amiga System Fonts . Daniel L, Stockton

92 Structured BASIC 64 Scott Kell

96 Merge 128 Jeffrey D. Partch

98 Apple's Built-in Music Program Mike Miyake

100 North of the Border Jim Sutterfieid

104 IFF Translator for Amiga BASIC Michael Barron

106 Magazine Indexer Marc Sugiyama

16 COMPUTEI's Author's Guide

80 CAPUTEt Modifications or Corrections

to Previous Articies

1 1 8 News & Products

122 COMPUTEI's Guide to Typing In Programs

125 MLX: Machine Language Entry Program for Commodore 64 and 128

129 MLX: Machine Language Entry Program for Apple

1 32 Advertisers index

PC/PCjr

AT

64 PC/PCjr

AM

64

128

AP

64

AM AP/PC/PCjr/ST

NOTE: See page 122 before lyping In programs.

AP Apple, Mac Macintosh. AT Atwi, ST, Atari ST, 64 Commodore M, 128 Coramociore 128. P rer/CBM. PC IBM PC. PCjr IBM PCjr AM Amiao. "General interest.

COMPUTE!^ Publicotionsjnc.®

Part of ABC Consunner Mas<iiln«>, Inc. ^^

One of ttw ABC Publishing Compania*

ABC Publishing, President. r?ober1 G. Burton

1330 Avenue of ttie Americas. New York, New Yor1< 10019

COMPUTB The Journal for Progiessive Computing (USPS: 537250) is published monthly by COMPUTE! Publications, inc., 825 7lh Ave., New York, NY 10019 USA. Phone: (212) 265-8360, Editorial Offices are located at 324 West Wendover Avenue, Greensboro, NC 27408. Domestic SubscripUons: 12 issues, $24. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: COMPUTEI Magazine, P.O. Box 10955, Des Moines, lA 50950. Second class postage paid at Greensboro, NC 27403 and addi- tional mailing offices. Entire contents copyright ©1987 by COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. All rights i«erved, ISSN 0194-357X.

Editor's Notes

Computerization, like industrialization and other great cultural shifts, is perme- ating all facets of society. Few aspects of modern life will remain untouched. Here at COMPUTE! the change has been both swift and dramatic.

When COMPUTE! started six years ago, we were doing most of our writing on typewriters and had only one, early- microcomputer word processor. But within two years we had moved almost exclusively to word processing.

We were among the many journal- ists who abandoned the traditional typewriter in the first half of this de- cade. Still, because our articles pass through many hands — general, techni- cal, copy editing, typesetting, and so on — we didn't pass disks around with the articles on them. Instead, an article was printed out and the paper copy was then edited by the several editors.

After the pen-and-paper editing phase, the article was then typeset. This meant that it had to be retyped into a machine which could produce magazine- quality print. It also meant an extra opportunity for errors to creep in, so the copy had to be proofread after it came out of the typesetting machine.

Now, however, the days of paper editing are long gone for us and many other publications. Today, most articles are edited entirely on our networked word processing system. Most authors send in a paper (or disk) copy of their submission. If the article is selected for publication, it is then typed (or upload- ed) into our system, where it moves from screen to screen around the build- ing until it is finally ready to be sent to the printer.

Our editing system is similar to or- dinary word processors, but includes ad- ditional features which make it easy for articles or memos to be transmitted from one editor to another. There are built-in safeguards against crashes, power out- ages, and accidental deletions. We haven't lost any copy in the three years we've been using the system, which is more a testament to the computer sys- tem than to our collective caution.

Since it must serve a variety of purposes, the "editing processor" key- board has 134 keys instead of the usual 60 on a typewriter or computer key-

board. If, for example, you press the H&J (Hyphenate & Justify) key by acci- dent, your article will suddenly seize up and reformat into a single, magazine- size, column. (Fortunately, you can un- H&J quickly.) Also, there are dedicated keys to define blocks, sentences, words, and characters, and keys to move, copy, or delete these units as well. A first look at the huge keyboard is daunting. You suspect you'll never master it. There are actually far more than 134 keys, since each key can be shifted, supershifted, and even supershift-shifted. Thus, each of the 134 keys can perform as many as four different functions.

Fortunately, most of the writing and editing is accomplished in the same way it would be on a less formidable word processor. Nested in the center of the huge keyboard are the familiar typewriter keys. And, after a little prac- tice, we've all learned to reach for the supershift key when necessary.

And the advantages of the system are considerable. Some of our authors and columnists send copy directly to our system memory via modem. When visiting computer shows in Chicago or California, our feature writers type late- breaking stories into lap portables, call us from their hotel phones, and their copy — sounding like a high-pitched scream — enters the terminals here at the office in North Carolina. These are crack feature writers, so a story some- times flows, largely unchanged, onto the printed page where, for the first time, it becomes paper and ink.

Since from start to finish our arti- cles are in electronic mass memory, the possibilities of introducing various kinds of typographical and transcrip- tion errors is greatly reduced. Even something as simple as passing an arti- cle around is now far more efficient.

Our book division, too, has wel- comed the new system because an entire book can be online at once and even copied to more than one editor simulta- neously. There's also a feature which shows what changes have been made to the copy so that the original can be compared to the edited version. If neces- sary, editing can be selectively removed.

Also, we're currently experiment- ing with digitizing dravvings, photos,

and charts. This will result in more flexibility and more options with the graphics in our publications. Even pro- gram listings will soon be electronically reproduced instead of photographed from paper printouts as they are now. Ultimately, every page of a magazine will be edited, composed, and pro- duced— from the original story idea to the final layout — entirely on video screens with computer assistance.

COMPUTE! Publications, as you might imagine, is among those compa- nies welcoming the tremendous advan- tages offered by computerization.

Richard Mansfield Editorial Director

COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. is seeking a Features Editor and Assistant Book Editor to join its staff.

Features Editor— Requires college degree in journalism, English, communications, or re- lated field which emphasizes writing; three years experience in journalism; some experience with microcomputer industry desirable.

Assistant Book Editor — Requires knowledge of computer program- ming. Undergraduate degree in English or related field. Two years writing and editing experience.

Send resume and salary history in complete confidence to:

Personnel Director COMPUTE! PublicaHons, Inc. P.O. Box 5406 Greensboro, NC 27403

4 COMPUTEt April 1987

The follow- ing programs are brought to you by an incredi- ble series of events.

PdCiJ	1 mjiim] 1
llM-MMlSBMiBi
&^- ^^^
	N 1
||tT^™f:r:n;rca!|

ming, diving, gymnas- tics and skeet shooting, just to name a few.

There's its equally acclaimed sequel, Sum

Sumo wrsstUtig, A Spori of ritual aJid tradition.

Gytmiastics. A

graci'.fui dispkty of balance,

poiic ami (r/ricFTttratidtt,

Tlic Bobsled.

One wrong rrnnv and it's

right down the tube.

the hot dog aerials. And beg for mercy in the Biathlon. And coming

mi

s

Wit

Over 30 of them, to be specific.

They're the unfor- gettable events of our best-sell- ing Games series.

First, World GamesT Eight international events rang ing from Sumo wres- tling to cliff diving. Bull riding to weight- lifting. Even skiing the Chamonix slalom.

There's our enor- mously popular Summer Games. Break records in track, swim-

mer Games IL" Go for the gold in rowing, cy- cling, equestrian, fenc- ing, the high jump, the triple jump, to.yatdng, and more. Finally there's the icy challenges of Winter GamesT Wait'll you careen the tube m a bob- sled. Fly the ski jump. Or choreograph an entire fig- ure skating routine. You'll

; Hide a bttckitig hull *^

Cliff Diving. InAcapuko. evetyime falk for it.

nextsummer,our/ newest Games program. (Bet- ter get ready to hit the

beach.)

Now, it may seem lot to handle

But don't world events get the best of you,

EPYK

] To 8 play*'ji~ A miea, Apple )/jS iVHipauhks.

I lb 8 plmrn. Atari STX64I12H, IBM Apple II i mmpali- ApplcJI&o

1 T: S playfi:-

t& wmp^iibif^. Coming fir the Apple UCS

hies. Alan, C64/[2a. bics, C64n2S. Wil & wmpaiihlei.

:'lnycn.

;. Apple II & mmpati .Atari ST, C64I12S. IBM minpaiittks, Macintosh.

Publlshsi James A CoseEla

founaef/Edilorlal Consullonl Robert C Lock Editorial Dlreclor Rionofa Mansfield

Managing Editor Kottileen Wartinek

Exeeullva Editor Selby Bateman

Edllor. COMPUTEI

& COMPUlECs GAZEnE Asslslont Edllor. COMPUTtI Production Director Editor, COMPUTEI's Atari ST

Disk & Magazine iectinicat Editor Asslslont Technical Editors Asslstoni Edllor, COMPUTEI's

Atari ST Disk & Magoiine Asslslont Edllor, COMPUTEI's

GAZEnE Assistant Features Edllor Progiamming Supervisor Editorial Progrommers Copy Editors

Editorial Assistant Submissions Reviewer Programming Assistants Executive Assistant Administrative Assistants

Assoclole Editors

Contributing Editof

Lance EII<o PtiiSip I Nelson Tony Roberts

Tom a. HaifhilJ

Ottis f}, Cowper

George Miller, Dole McBane

ToOd H©imarci(

Rt^ett Anderson

Kattiv Yal<al

Patrick Parrish

Tim Victor, Tim Midkiff

Tommis Taylor. Koren

LJhiendorf. Koren Siepolt

Caroline Honion

David Hensiev

David Flaranco, Troy Tucker

Debi Nosh

Julia Flemlrig. Iris Brooks. Mary

Hunt. Sybil Agee

Jim Butterfleld

Toronto, Canodo

Fred D'lgnozio

Birmingrtam, AL

David Ttiornpug

LOS Altos, CA

Bill Wilkinson

COMPUTEI's Bopk DMston

Edllor Assistant Edilors Director. Book Soles &

Markeling

Stephen Levy

Gregg Keiier. Ann Dovies

Steve Voyatjis

Production Manager Art a Design Director Assistant Edllor, Art &

Design Mechanical Art Supervisor Artist

Typesetting lllustrotor

Irmo SwQin Janice i?, Fory

Lee Noel

Da Potter

Robin Cose

Terry Ccsh. Coroie Dunton

Harry Bloir

Director ol Advertising

Sales Associale Advertising

Director Production Coordinator

Peter Johnsmeyer

Bernard J. Theotiaid. Jr. Kathleen Honion

Customer Sen/Ice Manager Dione Longo Dealer Soles Supervisor Orchid Tamayo individual Order Supervisor Cassandra Green l?eceptlonIsI Anita Armfield

Warehouse Monoger John Williams

James A. Cosella, President l?icharcl twlanstieid. Vice President. Edilorlai Director l?ichord J Merino. Vice President. Advertising Soles Christopher M. Sovine, Vice President, Finance & Planning

COMPUTE! Publications, inc. publishes:

COMPUTEI

COMPUTEI's Gazette

COMPUTEI's Gazette Disk

COMPUTEI's

Apple Applications Special

COMPUTEI's

Atari ST Disk & Magazine

Editorial offices:

Corporate offices:

Customer Sereice; tlours:

324 West Wendover Avenue

Suite 200

Greensboro. NC 27438 USA

826 7tft Avenue

New Vork. NV 10019

212-265-8340

80D-346-6767

(In NY 212-887-8525)

9:30 AM.-4:3QP.M.

Monday-Frldoy

Coming In Future Issues

Buyer's Guide To Music Software

Rememory: A chailengtng memory game for Commodore 64, Apple II, Atari, IBM PC, and Amiga

Font Printer for IBM PC

Synttiesis; A powerful sound tooi for the Commodore 64

Six New Operators for Atari BASIC

StiapeMaker for Apple II

DOS Menus for IBM PC/PCjr

Subscription Orders

COMPUTE!

P.O. Box 10954

Des Moines, lA 50340

TOLL FREE

Subscription Order Line

800-247-5470

in I A SOO-532-1272

COMPUTEI

Subscription Rates

(12 Issue Year):

us (one yr.) S24

(two yrs.) $45 (three yrs.) S65 Canoda and Foreign Surface Mall S30

Foreign Air Delivery S6S

ITIA'

.t Cirimlllliu MJauiKHjNblimAMCUtJlIll

Advertising Sales

K New England & Mld-Atlanltc

Bemord J. Theobald, Jr. 212-315-1665 Tom Linl< 212-315-1665

Z. Southeast & Foreign

Horry Blair 919-275-9609

3. Midwest & Southwest

Jerry Thompson 312-726-6047 (Chicago) 713-731-2606 (Texas) 303-595-9299 (Colorado) 415-348-8222 (California) Lucille Dennis 415-348-8222

t. Wait, Northwest a British Columbia

Jerry Thompson 415-348-8222 Lucille Dennis 41 5-348-8222

5. Canada

Harry Blair 919-275-9809

Director ol Advertising Sales;

Peter Johnsmeyer

Associale Advertising Director:

Bernard J. Theobald, Jr.

COMPUTE! Sales Office 212-31^1665

Address all advertising materials lo:

Kathleen Honion

Advertising Production Coordinotor

COMPUTE! Magazine

324 West Wendover Avenue

Suite 200

Greensboro. NC 27408

The COMPUTEI subscriber list Is made available to carefully screened organizations with a pro<luct or service which moy be of interest to our reoders. If you preter nor to receive such mailings, please send an exact copy of your subscription label to COMPUTEI P O Bon 1 0965. Des Moines. lA 50950. include a note indicating your prelerence to receive only your subscription

Authors ol manuscripts warrant ttrat all materials submifted to COMPUTEI ore original materials with full ownership rights resident in said outtiors. By submitting articles to COIVIPUTE!. authors acknowledge that such rroteriols. upon acceptance for puDlicotion. become the exclusive property of COMPUTEI Publications, inc No portion of this magaiine may be reproduced in any form witfiouf written permission from the publisher Entire contents copyright S 196?, COMPUTE! Publications. Inc IJigrits to progroms developed and submitted by outhors are ejpiained In our author contract Unsolicited moteridls not accepted for publicotion in COMPUTE ! will be returned if author provides o self-addressed, stamped envelope , Programs (on tape or disl<) must accompony each submission. Printed listings are optional, but helpful Articles st^ouid be lumished as typed copy (uppjer- and lowercase, please) with double spacing. Each page of your orticle should beor the title of the article, date ood name of the author COMPUTEI ossumes no iiobiilfy for errors in articles or advertisements. Opirnons expressed by authors are not necessarily those of COMPUTE!.

PET. CBM. V!C-20 ona Commodore M are trocsemat^s of Comrrxxjore ATAra is a trodemor* of Aton. Inc

Business Mochines. Inc ana/or Commodore Electronics Limited Tk99/4A is Q trademark of Texos instruments. Inc.

Apple, Apple II. ond Apple ites ore trodemorks of Apr^ CompuTer Corriponv Radio Shacit Color Computer is o tr ademorv of IBM PC and PQr are troderrrarks of International Business Moctiines. Inc ionOy. Inc

SUPPORT FROM COMPUTE! BOOKS

Everything for the Amiga. From BASIC beginner's guides to advanced programming handbooks, COMPUTE! offers you Information-packed tutorials, reference guides, programming examples, ready-to-enter applications, and games to help you develop your computing skills on Commodore's Amiga.

COiv

^R^^

iVDOS

COMPUTEi's AmlgaDOS Reference Guide

Arian R. Levitan and Sheldon Leemon A comprehensive tutorial and reference guide to ihe powerful AmigaDOS — the operating system underlying the Workbench and Intuition— this book offers information useful to every Amiga owner, It defines and illustrates all DOS commands, and shows you how to create liie directories, access peripherals, run batch file programs, and avoid "disk shuffle." The screen- and line^oriented text editors are explained in detail- Numerous examples and techniques explain how to use AmlgaDOS to make operating your Amiga both convenient and efficient. SI 6.95 ISBN 0-87455-047-5

Elementary Amiga BASIC

C. Regena

Here's your introduction to the new and powerful BASIC on the Amiga personal computer. The Amiga's impressive graphics, animation, and sound can be unlocked with the fight commands, and BASIC is the place to start. Complete descriptions of Amiga BASIC'S commands, syntax, and organization take you from the beginner level to a full-fledged programmer. Plus, the book offers you ready-to- type-In programs and subroutines while showing you how to write your own programs. There is a disk available which includes the programs in the book, $12.95. This title is also available as a book/disk combination (or S29.95 (057-2). $ 1 4.95 ISBN 0-87455-04 1 -6

COMPUTEI's

PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE

COMPUTEI's Amiga Programmer's Guide

Edited

Your tutorial and reference manual to AmlgaDOS, BASIC, Intuition, and other Important software tools which accompany the new Amiga. COMPUTEI's Amiga Programmer's Guide Is a clear and thorough guide to the inner workings of this fascinating new- generation computer. The great speed of Its 68000 microprocessor, coupled with the versatility of the Amiga-specific graphics and sound, makes the Amiga one of the most powerhjl computers available today This book is the key to accessing the Amiga's speed and power, SI 7.95 ISBN 0-87455-O28-9

AdvaiTced Amiga BASIC

Tom R. Halfhill and Charles Brannon This guide to applications programming on Commodore's new Amiga contains everything an intermediate programmer requires to begin creating sophisticated software on this powerhji machine, including several ready-to-type-ln programs. Clear, yet comprehensive documentation and examples cover advanced BASIC commands, designing graphic applications, generating sound and music, using the Amiga's built-in speech synthesizer, creating a user interface, and programming the computer's peripherals. There is a disk available which includes the programs in the book. SI 5.95. Ilune releasel SI 7.95 ISBN 0-87455-045-9

COMPUTETs

GUIDE TO THE

Look for these books at your local book or computer store.

Or order directly from COMPUTE!.

Call toll-free 1-800-346-6767 (in NY 212-887-8525).

COMPUTEI's Beginners Guide to the Amiga

Dan McNeill

Written in a lively and entertaining style, this book teaches you everything a beginner needs to know to get started quickly with the Amiga from Commodore. You will learn about setting up the system, all the most popular types of software, and details about the hardware. 516.95 ISBN 0-87455-025-4

inside Amiga Graphics

Sheldon Leemon

The Amiga, Commodore's powerful new computer, is an extraordinarily Impressive graphics machine. Easy to use. the Amiga can produce color graphics and excellent animation. You'll find thorough descriptions of the computer's abilities and the hardware required to create a complete graphics system. Software, too, is central to the Amiga's power, and complete tutorials show you how to get the most from the machine, (lune releasel S 1 7.95 ISBN 0-87455-O4O-8

COMPUTEI's Kids and the Amiga Edward H. Carlson

The latest in this bestselling series written by Edward Carlson, COMPUTE'.'s Kids and the Amiga, will acquaint you with BASIC. Over 30 sections — all with instructor notes, lessons, assignments, and lively illustrations — entertain and amuse you as you learn to program your new computer. Clear writing and concise examples make it easy for anyone— children and adults alike — to painlessly learn BASIC. (May release) $14.95 ISBN 0-87455-048-3

Please allow 4-4 weeks for delivery after your order Is received.

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Readers Feedback

rhe Editors and Reoders of COMPUTE!

If i/ou have any questions, comments, or suggestions you would like to see ad- dressed in this column, write to "Readers' Feedback," COMPUTE!, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. Due to the volume of mail we receive, we regret that we cannot provide personal answers to tech- nical questions.

Computer Laryngitis

[ own an older model of Atari, the 1200XL, As advertised when I bought it, the computer was said to have a voice synthesizer, However, I have not been able to use it. Do I have to use some special software or can I get voice synthesis from BASIC? Also, can the synthesizer sing?

Chris Macy

The IZOOXL was the first of the XL line of Atari computers. Although it featured a few new innovations over the Atari 800, it did not meet with wide consumer accep- tance and was discontinued within a year of its introduction. The 800XL and 600XL became the new high- and low-end ma- chines, respectively. For a while. Atari planned to introduce computers called the UOOXL and the 1450XLD. Both of these models were supposed to offer easy-to-use speech synthesis. Before the 1450XLD was finally canceled, the designers were plan- ning to route the speech through the AMY sound chip (which now may show up as an enhancement for the ST line), allowing the computer to "sing." Unfortunately, the 1450XLD (and the 65XEM, another com- puter designed to use the AMY chip) never made it to the store shelves.

At present, the Amiga is the only home computer which includes built-in speech synthesis. Although speech is not built into your computer, hardware and software speech synthesizers are sold for the Atari computer line and other ma- chines, as well. We've even seen a limited but functional public domain speech syn- thesizer for the Atari ST.

As a technical matter, it's actually somewhat easier to make a computer sing than it is to make it talk: It is simpler to create a steady musical tone than is to produce the extremely complex sounds that make up human speech. Some elec- tronic music synthesizers caii generate a passable imitation of a human voice tone,

but none of them can talk.

As a practical matter, speech-specific voice synthesizers don't sing very well. Just for fun, one of our programmers spent some time trying to make the Amiga's built-in speech synthesizer sing "Happy Birthday," using the syyithesizer's pitch controls to change from one note to anoth- er in Amiga BASIC. The results were amusing, but not very satisfactory. Spoken words require sounds (known as pho- nemesj that change in complicated ways over very short time periods. Since speech phonemes aren't designed for music, they don't sound convincing in a song, even if you change the pitch to produce different notes. It's possible, of course, to have a voice synthesizer that handles both speech and music, but that capability would have to be built into the program.

Keyboard Poliing in ST BASiC

Is there a way to make the Atari ST respond to a string input immediately in ST BASIC? I know how to use INP, but the computer waits for the input before going to the next line. I would like the program to continue whether or not a key was pressed. What command or PEEK should I use?

Jamieson Schulte

This IS one of those happy occasions where a question from one reader is answered by another reader. If you experiment with the PEEK mentioned by Mr. Honzik be- low, you'll discover that when no key is pressed, a negative value is returned (the number varies, but it's always negative, unless the mouse is moved). Positive val- ues mean a key is being held down. If you divide this number by 256, you'll see a value that indicates the position of the key being pressed. The letters Q, W, E, R, T and Y are numbered consecutively be- cause they're laid out in that order on the keyboard.

It is well known that the INKEY$ func- tion is missing from ST BASIC and that the statement A =INP(2) is an adequate substitute in many cases. But when you wish to poll the keyboard and go on if no key is pressed, the INP function does not work. I've found that PEEKing &HFFFC02 will return a unique value

for each depressed key, thus making polling possible.

Bill Honzik

Deieting Appie Documents

I own an Apple 11+ with a single disk drive. I also own SpeedScript 3.0, which I use often for word processing. How can I erase an unwanted letter or other document which I have accidentally stored on my SpeedScript disk? In some cases I have accidentally stored the same document under two or even three slightly different titles. This usually occurs after I load a stored doc- ument, make a few corrections, then save it using an incorrect name.

Donald Wilmot

COMPUTERS popular SpeedScript word processing program for the Apple doesn't have a built-in commaitd for deleting files, but you can easily remove unwanted SpeedScript documents with BASIC'S DELETE cofnmand. Boot the computer with a DOS disk (don 't load SpeedScript), then enter Applesoft BASIC. At a BASIC] prompt, enter

DELETE filename

luhere filename I's the name of the docu- ment you want to erase. Unwanted Pro- DOS SpeedScript files can also be removed with the Delete File option in the ProDOS Filer utility or System Utilities package.

Timing in Compiled Commodore BASiC

One way of speeding up a BASIC pro- gram on the Commodore 64 is to com- pile it. This generally makes data- handling programs more efficient and game programs more challenging. One problem I've experienced in compiling my own programs is with delay loops. If the original program contains any lines of the form FOR TD = 0 TO 1000:NEXT TD, the delays become much shorter after the program is com- piled. Thus, you may not have enough time to read a message, for instance, or respond to a question before the pro- gram moves on. Fortunately, there is a simple solution. Replace all such delay lines in your program with a GOSUB to

S COMPUTEI April 1P87

a jiffy clock comparison subroutine, such as the one shown here:'

1000 TI5= "000000"

1010 IF TI/60<DELAY THEN 1010

1020 RETURN

When you need a delay, just set the variable DELAY equal to the time delay in seconds, then perform GOSUB 1000. For example, to cause a five-second de- lay, define DELAY as 5.

The Commodore 64's jiffy clock keeps time in 1/60-second units. This routine initially sets the jiffy clock to 0 (line 1000). Line 1010 divides the value of the reserved variable TI to convert to seconds. When the elapsed time equals or exceeds the specified time, the rou- tine returns.

It's possible that your program may already use the jiffy clock for time- keeping. This version of the same rou- tine performs the same function vvfithout resetting the clock.

1000 JC=TI/60

1010 IF TI/60<DELAY THEN 1010

1020 RETURN

Arnold Walter Thank you for these programming hints.

Aulostarting IBM BASIC Programs

I own a Compaq Plus IBM-compatible computer. Is there any way I can make a BASIC program run automatically when the computer is turned on? If so, I would like to do this with a hard drive (drive C;).

Doug Halbert

The PC-DOS/MS-DOS operating system used by IBM and compatible PCs has no explicit provision for automatically start- ing a BASIC program when the computer is booted. However, there is an easy way to achieve this effect. At the end of the boot process, DOS checks the current disk directory for a text file named AUTOEX- EC.BAT. If a file with that name exists, the DOS commands from the file are read otie at a time and executed as if they had been typed from the keyboard. You can load BASIC and simultaneously load and run a BASIC program with a command of the form

BASIC filename

where filename js the name of the program you wish to start. (If you are using an IBM PC and want to run the program using Advanced Disk BASIC, you would instead use the command BASICA filename.)

Thus, to automatically load and run a BASIC progratn when the computer is booted, you need only have an AUTOEX- EC.BAT file containing this command. If your boot disk already contains an AU- TOEXEC.BAT file, use a text editor (such

as EDLIhJ) or a word processor to add the command as the last line of the file. If you dofi't already have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file on the disk, it's easy to create one. Just enter the following command:

COPY CON: AUTOEXEC.BAT

Next, enter the command:

BASIC filename (or BASICA filename)

Then press the F6 function key and Enter to end entry and write the text to the file. The disk with the AUTOEXEC.BAT file must also contain BASIC itself (BASIC- .COM or BASICA.COM; for compatibles, the file may have a name like BASIC.EXE or GWBASIC.EXE) as well as a copy of the BASIC program to be autostarted.

Exactly the same procedure works from a hard disk. If your system is set up to boot from the hard disk, you must include the AUTOEXECBAT file in the root di- rectory of the hard disk. With a hard disk, it's likely that BASIC itself and the pro- gram you want to run will reside in a subdirectory. In this case, you'll need to include a CHDIR (change directory) com- mand in your AUTOEXEC file to point DOS in the right direction. For example, to autostart a program named TELCOM- .BAS in a subdirectory named BASIC (which also contains the IBM Advanced BASIC file BASICA.COM), you would place the following commands at the end of your AUTOEXEC.BAT file:

CHDIR \ BASIC BASICA TELCOM

If your system has a hard disk, but doesn't boot from it, theAUTOEXEC.BAT file must be on the floppy disk used to boot the system. In this case, the CHDIR com- mand must also specify the drive designa- tion. In the example above, the command would change to:

CHDIR C:\BASIC

IBM PC/PCjr Hidden Files

I would like to create hidden files on my IBM PC, but I don't know how to do so. How are hidden files created? When you copy a disk, are hidden files copied along with the rest of the files?

Scott Cottrile

To answer your last question first, the DISKCOPY command copies all files, in- cluding hidden files which are inaccessible with most other DOS commands including COPY. Any bootable DOS disk for the IBM PC/PCjr will contain two important hid- den files: IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS- .COM. On IBM-compatible MS-DOS computers, these files are usually named lO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS, respectively.

Hidden files do not appear when you look at the disk directory with the DIR command from DOS or with the FILES command from BASIC. However, they can be revealed with the DOS command

A>debug

-L ds:100 0 5 1

-D 100

0966:0100

0966:0110

0966:0120

0966:0130

0966:0140

0966:0150

0966:0160

0966:0170

-E 10b

0966:0108 27.20

-W dsilOO 0 5 1

-Q

A>

49 42 00 00 49 42 00 00 43 4f 00 00 41 4e 00 00

4d 42 49 4f 20 20-43 4f 4d 27 00 00 00 00 IBMBIO COM'.

00 00 00 00 00 60-54 07 02 00 SO 12 00 00 'T . .

4d 44 4f 53 20 20-43 4f 4d 27 00 00 00 00 IBMDOS COM'

00 00 00 00 00 60-54 07 Oc 00 80 42 00 00 'J.... B

4d 4d 41 4e 44 20-43 4f 4d 20 00 00 00 00 COMMAND COM

00 00 00 00 00 60-54 07 2e 00 80 45 00 00 'T....E .

53 49 20 20 20 20-53 59 53 20 00 00 00 00 ANSI SYS

00 00 00 00 00 60-54 07 51 00 80 06 00 00 TQ

CHKDSK. Put your DOS master disk in drive A and enter this command: CHKDSK A:/V

The drive spins for a moment, then the screen displays a list of all the files on the disk, including hidden files. The CHKDSK display ends with a summary which indicates, among other things, hoiu many hidden files the disk contains. If you omit the /V option after the drive specifi- er, CHKDSK prints only the summary.

Hidden files are used mainly for DOS system files and are of little use in ordinary programming. What good is a BASIC pro- gram that you can't WAD or a data file that you can't OPEN for reading? The same is true of most DOS commands: If a file is hidden, you can't copy it with COPY, list it with DIR, or execute it by typing its name from the DOS prompt. Creating a hidden file from within a program is not easy, since BASIC provides no direct means for handling such files. DOS provides system routines (interrupts) for directly reading and writing a disk sector, but you'll need a machine language subroutine to call such interrupts from BASIC.

The directory entry for each file in- cludes a status byte which determines whether the file is hidden, along with several other attributes. It is possible to change a file's status byte with the DE- BUG utility. (For the PC and PCjr, this program is included on the DOS Supple- mental Programs disk; for compatibles, it's on the DOS master disk.) Be fore- warned, however, that DEBUG is a low- level program with no safeguards: If you accidentally scramble the disk's directory while using DEBUG, you can easily ren- der one or more files unreadable. If you would like to work through the following exercise, do so on a copy of the DOS disk, not on the original.

The figure above illustrates a simple session with DEBUG which changes IBM- BI0.COM or lO.SYS from a hidden, sys- tem file to a normal file. The text shown in boldface is what you type. The rest is printed by the computer. For compatibles, the filenames will vary from those shown. For example, the first entry should be

named lO.SYS.

After you type debug and press Enter at the DOS prompt, the computer loads and executes the DEBUG utility. The DE- BUG prompt is a dash (-). The first DEBUG command (L ds:WO 0 5 1) loads the con- tents of track 0, sector 5 from disk into the memory area beginning at location &hlOO. The 1 at the end of the command indicates how many sectors to load. After this com- mand executes, you have a copy of the first part of the disk directory in memory, where it can be examined and modified.

The D command causes DEBUG to print the display shoiim in the next sever- al lines. The central portion of the display shows the hex value of each byte and the right portion shows each byte's ASCII value. The byte immediately after the last byte of each filename is that file's status byte. This byte determines the file's attri- butes, including whether it is a hidden file. The value &h27 indicates a hidden, system file; the value &h20 indicates a normal file.

The next command (E lOB) tells DE- BUG that you want to edit a byte. The value lOB indicates which byte to change. DEBUG responds by printitig the address and current value of that byte (0966:010B 27.). It then waits for you to enter a new value. To change the byte to &h20, type 20 and press Enter.

The W command writes the data back to disk; Q exits from DEBUG and returns you to the DOS prompt. If you exaynine the disk with DIR, you'll see that IBM- BI0.COM (or lO.SYS) noiu appears in the normal directory display. To restore its hidden status, repeat the same procedure and change its status byte back to &h27.

Missing MAKEDIR

I am trying to move Workbench com- mands into a RAMdisk as explained in "Moving AmigaDOS Commands to RAM" from "Readers' Feedback" in the April 1986 issue. Instead of copying the commands, the computer prints these error messages:

Copying AmigaDOS commands to

10 COMPUTEI April! 967

RAMdisk...

Can't open ram:c/copy - object not found

Can't find ram;c/copy

Assign failed returncode 20

What do these messages mean?

Margaret Hettinger

A line was madvertently left out of the example batch file printed in that answer. Here is the correct batch file in its entirety:

echo "Modified Workbench disk"

echo " "

echo "Copying AmigaDOS commands to

RAMdisk..."

makedir rain:c

copy c/copy ram:c/copy

assign x: ram:c/copy

assign d: ram:c

cd syB:c

x; assign d;

x: cd d:

x: copy d:

x: delete d:

x: dir d:

x: diskcopy d:

x: echo d:

x: ed d:

x: endcli d:

x: info d:

x: list d:

x: makedir d:

x: newcli d:

x: rename d:

x: run d:

x: type d:

cd sys:

assign c: ram:c

assign d: c:delete

loadwb

endcli > nil;

This file replaces the file startup- sequence which AmigaDOS executes automatically when you boot the system. These commands copy some commonly used AmigaDOS commands to the Ami- ga's built-in RAMdisk as part of the nor- mal startup procedure. Of course, you can delete commands from this list, or add others if desired. After the startup process is complete, the Amiga will search the RAMdisk to access any AmigaDOS com- mands. This method saves time and possi- bly some disk swapping.

The line which was omitted is the one containing the command makedir ram;c. That command creates a subdirectory named c in the native RAMdisk device, which is called ram: in AmigaDOS. If the c directory doesn't exist, then subsequent commands which refer to that directory will cause the error messages you saw.

The April 1986 answer explains how to edit and resave the startup-sequence file with the AmigaDOS editor ED. You can also edit it with any Amiga word processor that saves pies in plain ASCII form, with- out special control codes or formatting information. Be sure to save a copy of your original disk and practice on an unimpor- tant disk first, in case you make a mistake in editing startup-sequence.

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Atari Computers

520ST Monochrome System .S499.00

520ST Color System 749,00

1040ST Color System 859,00

800XL 64K Computer 63.99

65XE 64K Computer 97.99

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850 Atari Interface 109,00

M301 300 Baud Modem 39,99

XM801 80-CoIumn Printer 199.00

XM804 ST Printer 189.00

ICD PR Connection 59.99

Amiga System ^ ^ ^ ^^^ Package ^11^9

Includes: Amiga CPU, 256K RAM expan- sion, RGB Monitor, Amiga DOS, Basic, Tutorial, Kaleidoscope, Voice Library.

Commodore Computers

Commodore-64C 64K Computer., 189,00 Commodore-64C System W/1B02C539.00 Commodore-128 128K Computer. 259.00

Commodore-128 System .,,759.00

Amiga 1000 256K Computer 849.00

Commodore Peripherals

1530 Data Cassette 34.99

1660 Commodore Modem 59.99

1670 Commodore Modem 99.99

1541C Disk Drive 189.00

1571 Disk Drive 249,00

1802 Color Monitor 199,00

1902 Color Monitor 299,00

Amiga 1010 3y2" Ext, Drive 219,00

Amiga 1020 51/4" Ext. Drive 189.00

Amiga 1080 RGB Monitor 269,00

CI 28 51 2K Expansion Board 179.00

PPI Parallel Printer Interface 34.99

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Micro R&D MW350 44.99

MS/DOS SYSTEMS.

MULTIFUNCTION CARDS.

PC-TOO 20 Meg *ftnQ XT-Compatible ^999

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AST

Six Pak Plus PC/XT $169.00

Six Pak Premium PC/XT 249.00

Advantage-AT 128K 339.00

Everex

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Hercules

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Intel

1110 PC Above Board 279.00

Inboard 386K OK Call

NEC

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Quad Ega+ Graphics Adapter.. ,.329,00

Silver Quadboard 129,00

Expanded Quadboard 119,00

VIDEO 7

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Zuckerboard

Color Card w/Parallel 89.99 I

Monochrome Card vz/Parallel 99,99 '

576K Memory Card 59.99

DRIVES.

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Apple Half-Heights $109.00

Controller Card 39.99

CMS

Drive Plus 20MB Internal Card.,., 399. 00

Everex

Stream 20 20MB Tape-Backup,.., 669,00

Genie Technology

210 H 10 + 10 subsystem 1749.00

Indus

Atari GT Disk Drive 189.00

Commodore GT Disk Drive 189.00

Iomega

A210H 10 + 10 Bernoulli Box„1899,00

A220H 20-1-20 Bernoulli Box 2499,00

Irwin

110 D 10MB Tape backup 319.00

Mountain Computer

Drive Card 20MB Internal Card, ,,649.00

A220 20 -I- 20 Subsystem 2199.00

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ST-225 w/Controller 399.00

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DISKETTES.

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MD-1 SS/DD S'A" $8,99

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MD-2HD Hi-Density 5Va" 21.99

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CS-500 20Mb Streamer Tape 11.99

CS-600 60Mb Streamer Tape 13.49

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MFD-1 SS/DD 3V2" 14.49

MFD-2 DS/DD 3V2" 20,49

y

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Atndek

Video 310A Amber TTL $149.00

Color 722 RGB, CGA/EGA 499.00

Magnavox

8CM515 RGB Monitor-80 289.00

7BM623 PC Monitor-80 Amber 99.99

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NAP

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MODEMS.

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6480 C64/128 1200 Baud $119.00

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LQ-800 180 cps, 24-Wire Printliead..Call Juki

6300 40 cps Daisywheel 699.00

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5510C Color Dot Matrix 449.00

NEC

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FOR AMiGSA Aegis Development

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Educational, Governmental and Corporate Organizations call toll-free 1-800-221-4283

CMO. 477 East Third Street, Dept. A204, Williamsport, PA 17701 ALL MAJOR CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED.

POLICY: Add 3% (minimum S7.00) shipping and handling. Larger shipmenis may require additional charges. Personal and company checks require 3 weeKs to clear. For faster delivery use your credit card or send cashier's check or bank money order. Pennsylvania residents add 6% sales tax. All prices are U.S.A. prices and are sub|ect to change and ali items are subject to availability. Defective software will be replaced with tfie same item only. Hardware will be replaced or repaired at our discretion within the temis and limits of the manufacturer's warranty. We cannot guarantee compatibility. All sales are final and returned shipments are subject to a restocking fee.

IBM PrtSc Revisited

I was delighted to see the answer "IBM PrtSc Problems" in the September 1986 installment of this column, since I had the same problem (thin white lines be- tween each row of a graphics printout) with my Mannesman Tally Spirit 80 printer. But your answer did not tell the whole story. The GRAPHICS.COM utility does not reset the printer completely, but it does reset the print spacing by sending the code appropri- ate for an IBM or Epson printer. If your printer works correctly with PrtSc ex- cept for the gap between lines, you can fix the problem simply by replacing the spacing number for the printer in the GRAPH1CS.COM file. Here is a com- mented disassembly of the relevant sec- tion of GRAPHICS.COM:

GRAPHICS.COM and press Enter, This activates DEBUG and loads GRAPHICS.COM into memory The DEBUG prompt is a hyphen (-).

3. Use the Display command (D) to look at the section of code to be changed. Type D 0150 016F and press Enter. The computer displays two lines of 16 hexadecimal numbers, in the same order in which they appear in memo- ry. Notice the number $18 in location $0169.

4. Use the Enter command (E) to enter your new value as a two-digit hexa- decimal number. For instance, if the new value is $15, typeE 0169 15 and press Enter.

5. Repeat the same Display command outlined in step 3. This time you will notice your new value in location $0169.

1. DS:0159-	E8	95	01-	CALL 02F1	send linefeed to printer
2. DS:015C-	BS	IB	00-	MOV AX,001B	load A register with $1B
3. DS:015F-	E3	7A	01-	CALL 02DC	routine sends SIB to printer
4. DS:0162-	BS	33	00-	MOV AX,0033	load A register with $33
5. DS:0165-	E8	74	01-	CALL 02DC	send $33 to printer
6. DS:0168-	B8	18	00-	MOV AX,0018	load A register with $18
7. DS:016B-	E8	6E	01-	CALL 02DC	send SIS to printer

The rouHne at $02DC uses INT $ 1 7 to send data to the printer when the value in register AH equals 0. Lines 2-3 of this code fragment send the ESC code ($1B, character 27) to the printer. Lines 4-5 send the code to make the line spacing h/216, where u is the num- ber sent in lines 6-7. As shown, GRA- PHICS.COM sets up the printer with a line spacing of $18/$D8 = 24/216 = .111 inches.

To get the right spacing, you need to replace the $18 in address $0169 with the correct number for your print- er. With the DEBUG utility, I substitut- ed $15 (decimal 21) for that value and got excellent results with a high-resolu- tion screen dump.

If you're interested in making this modification, but don't have much experience with DEBUG, here are step- by-step instructions for performing the change. Before you attempt to edit the file, figure out the spacing you need — in terms of inches — by printing some graphics with PrtSc. Then calculate how many 216ths of an inch it will require to close the gap. If you convert this number to hexadecimal, you then have the number to store in address $0169 of GRAPHICS.COM. Here are the remaining steps.

1. Copy GRAPHICS.COM and DE- BUG. COM from your DOS master disk onto a new disk. Do not use your original disks, in case you make a mistake with DEBUG and garble a file.

2. From the DOS prompt, type DEBUG

6. Use the Write command (W) to save the modified copy of GRAPHICS- .COM to disk. Type W and press Enter. This operation works correctly if you follow the exact steps outlined here; it may not work if you have used other features of DEBUG in the meantime.

7. Use the Quit command (Q) to exit DEBUG and return to the DOS prompt. Type Q and press Enter.

It doesn't hurt to experiment, as long as you take care to save an unmod- ified copy of GRAPH1CS.COM on a separate disk. If the first modification doesn't work out, repeat the procedure using a slightly different value.

Larry Bogan

Thank you for the information.

2 Times 8 Is Not 16

Is it possible to link two Atari 400 com- puters together through the I/O port? If so, would the two memory capacities combine to become 16K? Which key- board should 1 use to type in programs? Are there any dangers or complications? Michael Zucca

Although it is physically possible to con- nect two Atari computers (or two Commo- dore 64s, for that matter) through the I/O ports, it would serve no useful purpose to do so. In fact, it may even damage one or both of the computers.

The Atari serial ports are designed to communicate with special "intelligent"

peripherals. There is a protocol — a speci- fied means of communication — that any peripheral must follow in order to be rec- ognized. In the case you suggest, neither of the computers is equipped to act as a peripheral for the other, so communica- tion is impossible. In addition, electricity flows through the serial port, so the con- nection might damage the POKEY chip on one or both of the machines.

It is possible, however, to connect two computers with a null modem cable, in order to transfer information from one computer to another. A null modem cable IS essentially a normal modem cable with the send and receive lines reversed at one end. Information which one computer transmits on its send wire is received on the other's receive line, and vice versa.

When linked with a null modem ca- ble, the computers would not share their memories, however. It would be more like calling a bulletin board to transfer files from one computer to another. In most cases it's easier to use the disk drive or cassette recorder to transfer files.

If you're running out of RAM, Atari and other manufacturers previously of- fered memory upgrades up to as much as 48K. You still may be able to find one. However, it may make more sense to buy an Atari 65XE, which is software compati- ble with the 400 and features 64K of memo- ry and a full, typewriter-style keyboard.

Nuil String Blues

1 have been having trouble with dimen- sioning arrays. I am writing a program that vrates 50 lines of text to a sequen- tial file. I have talked with several of my friends, and they say the program works on their computers, but 1 still have problems with it. The portion that actually writes the file appears to work, as I've been able to load the file using a word processor that handles text in a sequential file. Here is the routine 1 use to write the file:

10 DIH A? (50)

20 FOR X-1 TO 50

30 INPUT A$(X):IF A$(X)="" THE

N 100 40 NEXT X

100 OPEN 3,8,3, "SEQ-TEST,S,W" 110 FOR X=l TO 50 120 PRINT#3,A$(X) 130 NEXT X 140 CLOSE 3

When I try to read the file back, the disk drive starts to whir as if it's reading successfully. Then the drive stops, but its red light remains on. Nothing else happens and the program appears to lock up. Here is the routine I use to read the file:

500 OPEN 3,9,3, "SEQ-TEST,S,R"

510 FOR X=l TO 50 520 INPUT#3,A$(X)

14 COMPUTEI April 1987

530 NEXT X

540 CLOSE 3

550 FOR X=l TO 50

560 PRINT A$CX)

570 NEXT X

Should I redimension the array in the middle of the program? I heard that this will also produce an error. Can you give me an idea of what's going on here?

Scott Bradbury

Your problem actually has nothing to do with the DIM statement. For the most part, it's caused by the INPUT# state- ment. By dimensioning A$ to 50 in line 10, you initially set aside room for 51 ele- ments of A$; remember, there's an A$(0) element, even if you don't use it. At the same time, each of those elements is de- fined as a null string (a string that con- tains nothing). After you have entered text definitions for as many of these elements as you wish (lines 20-40), the remaining elements are still nulls. When you write A$ to disk as SEQ-TEST in lines 100-140, the null string elements are written as carriage returns (character 13). But so far, you're OK.

The problem arises when you attempt to read the null-string elements back with an INPUT# loop (lines 500-540). IN- PUTS expects each string to be terminat- ed with a carriage return. Thus, the INPUT# statement in line 520 reads cor- rectly the elements ofA$ that are defined as something other than a return. But when the program encounters CHR$(13) alone, it continues to look for some char- acter that's not a return. Sifice there's nothing to read, the program halts indefi- nitely, and the drive light remains on.

The solution is simple. Add a FOR- NEXT loop between lines 10 and 20 which initializes every element of AS to some character that's unlikely to be entered in line 30. Depending on what the rest of the program does, a graphics character such as CHR$(Z55) might be suitable. This will prevent INPUT# from hanging up when it encounters null elements. You'll also need to add a statement to your reading routine to discard the null markers when they are read back in. For example, if you choose to use CHR$(255) as your null marker, you could add the following line to your reading routine:

525 IF A$(X)=CHR$(255) THEN

A$(X)="" ©

IWo-On-IWo Basketball Action

One-on-one is OK for a little practice, but real basketball is a team sport To be really good at it you need all the skills - passing, dribbling, shooting, stealing and rebounding. That's what it takes to win a championship. That's what GBA Champion- ship Basketball™: IWo-on-TWo'" delivers. From the roar of the crowd to the swish of the net, from slam dunks to three-point shots, it's all here — fast and competitive. Not only is there team action, but you can even compete in a 4-division, 23-team league — all the way to the playoffs and the GBA Championship game!

When you're ready to jump into the big leagues of computer basketball, start with the game that begins where the others leave off— GBA Cham.pianship Basketball: Two-on-TWo.

Commodore Amiga screen stiown.

' ,.,tlie best arcade busketball game IVe H seen. If you liked One on One, you'll ioue this..." - Randy Chase, Guide to Computer Living

E/imgiM^

[JiSLTibUted and Oiarkctcd fiudusivrly by AcCmsion. Gamcstar is a. LTadcmaik ol AcTtvUIoh Inc. Commodarr 64. 123 and Amiga arc trademarks of Commodore Elcctnralcs. Uraited, Apple i5 a tradcmaiH of Apple Computer. lac. Atari ST is a trademark of Atari Corporatkm. [BM PC aad rc|r are trademarlts of International Business Machines Corporation. Tandy is a trademark of 'RtJldy Corporation. 0 L9S6 AcUviAion. All rigtila reserved.

For Commodore 64, 128 and Amiga,

Apple ne, nc, and IIgs, Atari ST. IBM PC, PCjr,

Ikndy 1000 and 100% compatibles.

COMPUTEi's

Author's Guide

Most of the following suggestions serve to improve the speed and accuracy of publication. COMPUTEf is primarily interested in new and timely articles on the Commodore 64/128, Atari, Apple, IBM PC/PCjr, Amiga, and Atari ST. We are much more concerned with the content of an article than with its style, but articles should be clear and well-explained.

The guidelines below will permit your good ideas and programs to be more easily edited and published:

1. The upper left corner of the first page should contain your name, address, telephone number, and the date of submission.

2. The following information should appear in the upper right corner of the first page. If your article is specifically directed to one make of computer, please state the brand name and, if applicable, the BASIC or ROM or DOS version(s) involved. In addition, please indicate the memory requirements of programs.

3. The underlined title of the article should start about 2/3 of the way down the first page.

4. Following pages should be typed normally, ex- cept that in the upper right corner there should be an abbreviation of the title, your last name, and the page number. For example: Memory Map/Smith/2.

5. All lines within the text of the article must be double- or triple-spaced. A one-inch margin should be left at the right, left, top, and bottom of each page. No words should be divided at the ends of lines. And please do not justify. Leave the lines ragged.

6. Standard typing paper should be used (no eras- able, onionskin, or other thin paper) and typing should be on one side of the paper only (upper- and lowercase),

7. Sheets should be attached together with a pa- per clip. Staples should not be used,

8. If you are submitting more than one article, send each one in a separate mailer with its own tape or disk.

9. Short programs (under 20 lines) can easily be included within the text. Longer programs should be separate listings. It is essential that we have a copy of the program, recorded twice, on a tape or disk. If your article was written with a word processor, we also ap- preciate a copy of the text file on the tape or disk. Please use high-quality 10 or 30 minute tapes with the program recorded on both sides. The tape or disk should be labeled with the author's name, the title of the article, and, if applicable, the BASIC/ROM/DOS version(s). Atari tapes should specify whether they are to be LOADed or ENTERed. We prefer to receive Ap- ple programs on disk rather than tape. Tapes are fairly sturdy, but disks need to be enclosed within plastic or

16 COMPUTE] April 1987

cardboard mailers (available at photography, station- ery, or computer supply stores).

10. A good general rule is to spell out the num- bers zero through ten in your article and write higher numbers as numerals (1024). The exceptions to this are: Figure 5, Table 3, TAB(4), etc. Within ordinary text, however, the zero through ten should appear as words, not numbers. Also, symbols and abbreviations should not be used within text: use "and" (not &), "reference" (not ref.), "through" (not thru).

11. For greater claritv, use all capitals when refer- ring to keys (RETURN, TAB, ESC, SHIFT), BASIC words (LIST, RND, GOTO), and three languages (BASIC, APL, PILOT). Headlines and subheads should, however, be initial caps only, and emphasized words are not capitalized. If you wish to emphasize, underline the word and it will be italicized during typesetting.

12. Articles can be of any length — from a single- line routine to a multi-issue series. The average article is about four to eight double-spaced, typed pages.

13. If you want to include photographs, they should be either 5X7 black and white glossies or color slides.

14. We do not consider articles which are submit- ted simultaneously to other publishers. If you wish to send an article to another magazine for consideration, please do not submit it to us.

15. COMPUTE! pays between $70 and $800 for published articles. In general, the rate reflects the length and quality of the article. Payment is made upon acceptance. Following submission (Editorial De- partment, COMPUTE! Magazine, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403) it will take from four to eight weeks for us to reply. If your work is accepted, you will be notified by a letter which will include a con- tract for you to sign and return. Rejected manuscripts are returned to authors who enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

16. If your article is accepted and you have since made improvements to the program, please submit an entirely new tape or disk and a new copy of the arti- cle reflecting the update. We cannot easily make revi- sions to programs and articles. It is necessary that you send the revised version as if it were a new submis- sion entirely, but be sure to indicate that your submis- sion is a revised version by writing, "Revision" on the envelope and the article.

17. COMPUTE! does not accept unsolicited product reviews. If you are interested in serving on our panel of reviewers, contact the Review Coordinator for details.

TO 200 FUN-RLLED PROGRAMS EACH YEAR-

when you subsaibe now to COMPUTE!

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256 hvt*^ Of BASIC prfrgr^ptHifi? sptct.f m

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i^tor^s 1h» RL at th» botton cf BASIC fMtFwry jtnd pr^^flcts itstl' by Ftowtng th« <;<jwuisr'5 stJcr-of-BflSlC poii>ter to « spot ?5& iiiites hl^hrr if f*eHory. One* Ihil's d^r>f, the Yjoaiftaitr 4C*iVi«tPC Ihr re. rauilnr and tf*iti ltSFl# with HCH, fffl^e that brciUir th* P^SSlre'ider oyerwfit;*? its first *«w HMiC lln»c, ii's criKCiJ not te Jfc'ipi* .ifi'^Thin'? frflM ti-ff *trit portion

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Subscribe now and you can depend on a steady supply of high quality, fun-filled programs lil<e Hickory Dickory Dock, Switchbox, TurboDisk, Home Financial Calculator, Turbo Tape, SpeedScript, SpeedCalc, and hundreds of other educational, home finance, and game programs the entire family can use all year long.

The superb programs you'll find in each issue are worth much, much more than the low subscription price.

And there's more to COMPUTE! than just exciting new programs. Month after month, COMPUTES's superb articles deliver the latest inside word on everything from languages to interfaces.. .from programming to disk drives.

Whether you're a novice or an experi- enced user, COMPUTE! Is the magazine for you. So subscribe today. Return the enclosed card or call 1-800-247-5470 (in Iowa, 1-800-532-1272).

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If attached order card is missing, write: COMPUTE! RO. Box 10955, Des Moines, lA 50950

Selby Bateman, Features Editor and Tom R. HalfhilL Staff Editor

• /

A resurgent Commodore, an aggressive ' /-^ / ' / .* / , Atari, and a raft of inexpensive PC compatibles « ' ,' ,' J * // V. '

were among the highlights in the personal • * \N^ ^ \ • \ > M J* I

computer section of this year's Winter , ^^^ .'**^ v ^V"^*. I I ' A /

Consumer Electronics Show held in Las Vegas. ^ --^<iNs«^'^'> X*^ . \ '•' * » / •' From the show emerged new Amiga ^ _ j-» -^^^^ ^%\"\ A\ f ' •* / /*'

computers, more powerful Atari STs, " -^ v.'C^Cr^ -N-Nk^^-v ' . ^ '//*

continuing innovations for the Commodore 64 -^/r^7s:^*y\;v-".i\y i| i' / V/ and 128, more Apple 11 news, and \ . • '- •'.'v/'^J\^ \\\ * i / * ^///Z

enough new twists to kick off 1987 ^ with a bang.

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18 COMPUTEt April 1987

y y

Report From The Winter Consumer Electronics SInow

The personal computer industry is pulled along in many ways by the oohs and aahs evoked by rapidly advancing technology. Like a giant fireworks display, each new explo- sion must seem to top the last.

But as the show goes on, the more astute observers realize that the spectacle's subtle patterns and unique tempo are as fascinating and as much a part of the picture as the escalating pops and whistles.

The Winter CES in January fea- tured plenty of fireworks for per- sonal computer users. Not only were there important new an- nouncements, but the industry's tempo and market patterns that emerged made this CES one of the most significant in years — especial- ly as it affects the home, education- al, and small business markets.

Despite this fact, much of the general-interest news coverage of CES in January focused almost ex- clusively on the pop and whistle of the latest high-tech audio and video products. In many newspaper, mag- azine, and television reports, scarcely a mention was made of the computer segment of CES, even though it takes up at least a third of the entire show and the attention of more than one hundred thousand attendees.

Consider a few of the follow- ing twists and turns that emerged from CES:

• Commodore sneak-pre- viewed, for selected dealers and the press, two new Amiga computers — one a low-priced entry-level ma- chine with the same functionality of the original Amiga 1000 and the other an expandable multiprocess- ing computer that can handle up to nine megabytes of memory. (See "Commodore's New Expandable Amiga 2000" in the March issue.)

• Atari chief Jack Tramiel an- nounced to the press that just ten years after he introduced his first computer at CES, a Commodore PET with only 4K of memory, he was pleased to introduce a four-

megabyte (4000K) Atari ST, one of two new Mega ST systems. The other machine has two megabytes of RAM.

• Atari also announced a new laser printer for the ST series that will cost under $1,500. With the new two-meg and four-meg STs, that means a desktop publishing system can now be purchased for under $3,000.

• At least five companies, in- cluding both Atari and Commo- dore, announced the introduction of new IBM PC compatibles, join- ing a host of other companies al- ready selling the MS-DOS computers. At the same time, com- panies specializing in home and educational software continued to introduce more IBM PC-compati- ble programs than ever before.

• Commodore showed its new 256K RAM expander for the Com- modore 64, which, among other things, will make the 64's new GEOS operating system work far faster and easier. At the same time. Commodore officials and third-par- ty software developers gave indica- tions that the Commodore 64 computer will more than likely be supported into the 1990s.

• Commodore also introduced a reconfigured, new-look Commo- dore 128.

• Atari displayed a prototype of its new XE Video Game System, a reconfigured Atari 65XE personal computer that can be bought as a game machine, but is expandable into a personal computer. Ironical- ly, the videogame machine, once considered dead, has roared back to life for Atari and for several other companies during the past year,

Maturing And Growing

What became abundandy clear at CES was that the personal com- puter industry is continuing to ma- ture as it grows. The computers are more powerful, their applicadons more sophisticated, and the surviv-

ing software and hardware compa- nies more knowledgeable about what consumers want.

As one company official noted, the 1986 holiday season was the first year-end period in which some computer manufacturer wasn't try- ing to dump a computer that had failed in the marketplace or been defeated in price wars. IBM was unloading its PCjr in 1985, and in previous holiday seasons Coleco dumped the Adam, Texas Instru- ments closed out the TI-99/4A, and the pre-Tramiel Atari flooded the market with surplus Atari 800s and 400s before the XL series was ready.

At the end of 1986 and the beginning of 1987, however, all of the major players were supporting their computers to the hilt, from the five-year-old Commodore 64 and the eight-bit Ataris to the latest Amigas and Mega STs. The Apple II series was being extended by the Apple IlGS, and a new generation of Macintoshes was expected. And even if IBM was edging away from a less profitable MS-DOS standard it established, there were plenty of PC-compatible manufacturers sup- porting those computers.

The Affordable Amiga 500

One of the happiest pieces of news to emerge from CES was the fact that Commodore was planning to introduce two new Amiga comput- ers this spring.

Commodore officials pre- viewed the new Amiga 500, a low- cost machine (under $650), and the powerful Amiga 2000, an expand- able Amiga which contains slots for both Amiga and IBM cards and is priced beginning at under $1,500. Both Amigas are completely com- patible with the original Amiga 1000, as long as the software being used follows the specifications for version 1.2 of the Amiga operating system.

Although the Amiga 1000 originally sold for about $2,000, the

April 1987 COMPUTEI 19

price dropped below $1,500 during 1986, The new Amiga 500 will sell for about $1,000, which includes the price of Commodore's new $350 A2002 composite/RGB moni- tor (similar to the present Amiga 1080 monitor).

The Amiga 500 has 512K of RAM, double the memory of the 1000; a built-in 880K 3y2-inch flop- py disk drive; an expanded key- board with separate cursor and numeric keypads; the Kickstart 1.2 operating system built into ROM instead of on disk; and a 35-watt power supply. The Amiga 500 uses about half the power of the original Amiga. If other devices or extra memory is added, the 500's power supply will have to be supplement- ed. But for many 500 owners this will never be necessary.

The 500's keyboard is not de- tached, as it is with the 1000. Rath- er, the 500 is a one-piece computer and keyboard with the built-in disk drive in the right side. This is simi- lar in structure and appearance to the Atari 1040ST and the Commo- dore 128 computers. The 500's motherboard has been efficiently redesigned so that the entire com- puter is on one board and, conse- quently, is cheaper to manufacture.

The 500 has the same system expansion bus, stereo audio out- puts, RGB and composite video outputs, and two joystick/mouse ports that the original 1000 has. However, the genders of the RS- 232 seria! port and Centronics-stan- dard parallel port were swapped, allowing the 500 to work with com- monly available IBM PC modem and printer cables. Currently under way is an optional RF m.odulator so that the 500 can use a television as a monitor.

Expanding the Amiga 500 to a full megabyte of memory is an easy process. For under $150, an Amiga owner can buy a 512K memory ex- pansion card that includes a bat- tery-backup realtime clock. The underside of the 500 has a small, easily removable cover which hides the connector for the expansion card. The extra 512K can be in- stalled by the user and doesn't re- quire a trip to the dealer.

The Genlock video interface, designed for the Amiga 1000, won't work with the 500 because of the different physical configuration of

the machine. However, according to one Commodore engineer, a re- designed Genlock will more than likely be made for the 500.

The Powerhouse 2000

As highlighted in last month's COMPUTE!, Commodore's Amiga 2000 is a powerful, expandable Amiga that can become an IBM PC compatible with the simple addi- tion of a Bridge Card that fits into two of the 2000's internal slots. Ex- pandable up to nine megabytes, the Amiga 2000 can run IBM and Amiga software simultaneously.

The 2000 is expected to sell for under $1,500, without monitor, and will include one megabyte of nnem- ory, seven expansion slots, a built- in 880K 3V2-inch floppy drive, three drive ports, a detached keyboard, and a heavy-duty 200-watt power supply. The front section of the 2000's system box contains spaces for one additional half-height PC- compatibie 5V4-inch disk drive and two 3'/2-inch drives. However, the drive spaces can be used with any combination of floppy and hard drives the user wants. And the 2000's internal slots allow a rich variety of coprocessors, drives, and boards. Video digitizers, multifunc- tion cards, math coprocessors, and many more additions can be used in the slots. Additionally, any hard disk you use with the Amiga 2000 can be partitioned into Amiga and PC-compatible sections. The data in the drive can be passed back and forth between the two sections, as well.

Physically, the 2000 has a few other changes. The keyboard, joy- stick, and mouse ports are on the front rather than on the right side and the underside as on the 1000. The rear of the 2000 has standard connectors and IBM-style vertical slots, rather than the lOOO's non- standard connectors. The 95-key keyboard has also been enlarged and redesigned.

Commodore's new $500 A2080 long-persistence monitor can be used with the 2000, reportedly elim- inating the screen jitters that can be seen on the 1000 in the Amiga high- resolution screen modes.

Although some observers be- lieve that Commodore will eventu- ally retire the Amiga 1000 in favor of the two newer models, current

1000 owners have nothing to fear since the three machines are per- fectly compatible. Commodore offi- cials, at this point, say that they have no intention of stopping Amiga 1000 production as long as there's a continuing market for the machine.

With the Amiga 500 and 2000, Commodore has answered the call of many Amiga fans who wanted either a low-cost Amiga or a more expandable Amiga. They now have both. Judging from the reactions of those who saw the sneak previews of the new Amigas at Commodore's CES booth, the future of the Amiga seems brighter than ever.

Atari Turns Blue

Meanwhile, over at the Atari booth, still more interesting hardware was on display. Atari announced three new ST-series computers and an under-$l,000 laser printer that will make it possible to assemble a com- plete desktop publishing system for the unheard-of price of $3,000. But paradoxically, it wasn't this new technology that focused most of the attention on Atari at CES,

Instead, it was Atari's an- nouncement of two IBM PC compa- tibles at rock-bottom prices that reaped the most press coverage and sent Atari's newly public stock soaring. Both of the Atari PCs are aimed at the burgeoning clone mar- ket now ruled by Tandy, Leading Edge, Epson, and Blue Chip. Atari plans to undercut them all with two models priced at $499 and $699.

Both models include 512K RAM (expandable to 640K on the motherboard); an additional 256K of video RAM, freeing up the main memory for programs; an internal 5y4-inch floppy disk drive; RS-232 serial and Centronics-standard par- allel ports; a mouse port and mouse controller; composite and PC-stan- dard RGBI video outputs; software- switchable clock speeds of 4.77 megahertz (the same as the IBM PC) and 8 megahertz (turbo mode); a socket for an 8087 math coproces- sor; a PC-style detached keyboard; and a built-in color graphics adapter.

The $699 model adds a built-in monochrome display adapter; Her- cules display adapter; enhanced graphics adapter (EGA); and an EGA-compatible green-screen

20 COMPUTEl April 1967

HEREIN LIES THE KEY TO MAGICA

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The Atari PC is a low-priced IBM compatible with 512K RAM and a wide variety of built-in display adapters and interfaces. Two models are priced at $499 and $699.

monitor. This makes it the lowest- priced EGA system by far — a plug- in EGA board by itself now costs at least $200.

Atari says both models will also come with the disk-based MS- DOS 3.2 operating system; GW- BASIC; the MS-DOS version of Digital Research's GEM (Graphics Environment Manager); and some applications software for which Atari is still negotiating. According to Atari, the clones should be avail- able from computer dealers and mass merchants sometime this spring.

A Question Of Slots

Atari's announcement stole consid- erable thunder from other manu- facturers who were showing PC clones at CES — including Commo- dore, Amstrad, Blue Chip, and Vic- tor (see below). Generally they responded by ignoring Atari or by criticizing the Atari clones for lack- ing expansion slots. Instead of the internal slots found in most PC compatibles, the compact Atari PCs have a connector for adding an ex- ternal expansion box with slots. As the other manufacturers pointed out. Atari didn't even have a proto- type of the expansion box on display. Given the mass consumer mar- ket that Atari is pursuing .with its

22 COMPUTII April 1987

clones, the lack of internal slots probably won't be a major factor. Atari says its goal is to sell "precon- figured" PC clones that are ready to run straight from the box, including software. The Atari PCs already in- clude most of the options that a typical IBM PC owner buys in the form of add-on boards.

However, there are two excep- tions: The Atari PCs have no room to add a second internal floppy disk drive, and the absence of slots means there is no place to plug in one of the inexpensive hard disk cards that are so popular with PC users.

Atari was ready with two an- swers to these criticisms. First, addi- tional 5% -inch floppy drives can be added externally, and ST-series 3V2- inch floppy drives can be plugged directly into an Atari PC. Since the ST drives are compatible with the IBM 3V2-inch disk format, the Atari PCs are a step ahead of most clones in the trend toward 3V2-inch disks. Second, Atari showed a prototype of an external 20-megabyte hard disk drive that fits neatly atop the Atari PC system unit.

Of course, external floppy drives add to desk clutter, and the announced price of the 20-mega- byte hard disk— about $700— is roughly twice as high as the lowest-

priced hard disk cards available for other PC compatibles. Still, Atari doesn't perceive these shortcom- ings as major weaknesses in a pair of dones aimed at the mass market. Atari has other markets in mind as well. "We have a total commitment to a full line of PC compatibles," said Atari President Sam Tramiel. Later this year, ac- cording to Tramiel, Atari will an- nounce a turbo XT clone and an AT clone, both with 80286 micro- processors. In 1988, an 80386- based machine is a possibility. "Once we jump into the market, we've got to be there with every- thing," said Tramiel. "We can't be just another 'me, too.'"

Mega Memory

Atari emphasized that its jump into the PC world doesn't mean the company is abandoning its other product lines. To reinforce this, Tra- miel pointed to the three new ST computers, the low-priced laser printer, and another videogame machine exhibited at CES.

The new Mega STs are fully compatible with the current 520ST and 1040ST computers, but offer more memory and other enhance- ments. They have one, two, or four megabytes of memory; detached keyboards; internal double-sided floppy disk drives; battery-backup realtime clocks; blitter chips; and expansion connectors for adding external boxes or boards. The sys- tem units are very compact — in fact, they use the same cases as the Atari PC system units. And like the Atari PCs, the Mega STs will have a stackable 20-megabyte hard drive available for around $700.

Atari says the Mega STs will be available this spring, but was not very firm on prices. In ballpark fig- ures, the one-megabyte model is expected to sell for slightly more than a 1040ST (probably around $1,200); the two-megabyte model is expected to come in at $1,500; and the four-megabyte model at about $2,000. These prices would include the built-in floppy drive and a monochrome monitor.

One reason why Atari was vague on prices is that the Mega STs will be among the first personal computers to use the new one- megabit dynamic RAM chips. It takes only eight of these high-

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Atari's Mega ST is available in one-, two-, and four-megabyte models. All have a detached keyboard, internal floppy disk drive, blitler chip, battery-backup clock, and expansion bus.

density chips to yield one megabyte of memory, compared to 32 of the 256-kilobit RAM chips found in current STs and most other person- al computers. Because the one- megabit chips are so new, production costs are still high, and the market for them is very volatile. If the chip prices do not drop as fast as Atari and other manufacturers anticipate, the Mega STs will prob- ably be delayed several months.

The one-megabit chips also ex- plain why the system units of the Mega STs are so small and can get by without cooling fans. Four times as much memory can be packed into the same amount of space, and less heat is generated.

Inexpensive Desktop Publishing

Atari is taking advantage of the memory and speed of the Mega STs to introduce a laser printer priced at under $1,500 — about one-third the cost of comparable printers. To achieve this reduction. Atari has modified the concept of the laser printer.

One of the major reasons why laser printers are so expensive is that they're really powerful com- puters in their own right, contain- ing a 16-bit microprocessor and a few megabytes of memory. In fact, it requires at least two megabytes of memory for a laser printer to pro-

24 COMPUTEI April 1987

duce full-page graphics at its high- est resolution of 300 dots per inch (dpi).

Atari's solution is to remove the memory and make the printer dependent upon the computer's memory. Thus, a two- or four- megabyte ST will be required to produce full-page, 300 dpi graphics with Atari's laser printer. Half-page graphics could be achieved with a one-megabyte Mega ST, 1040ST, or expanded 5205T. An unexpanded 520ST with 512K of memory could produce quarter-page graphics at 300 dpi. The printer can use any page-description language or type font under software control from the computer.

This approach wouldn't be possible without the ST's high- speed direct-memory access (DMA) port. Capable of transferring data at ten megabits per second, the DMA port is fast enough to drive the laser printer while the computer is buff- ering an entire page of text and graphics in RAM. No other person- al computer currently on the mar- ket is fast enough to do this.

Therefore, a complete desktop publishing system capable of full- page, 300 dpi graphics will cost about $3,000— roughly $1,500 for the laser printer and $1,500 for the two-megabyte Mega ST. It also means that Atari will sell a Mega ST with almost every laser printer,

since no other computer (besides an expanded 520ST or 1040ST) can drive Atari's printer.

A Secret Engine

With more than two megabytes of memory, it's possible that an ST could run another application while driving the laser printer, according to Atari. Otherwise, the computer will be tied up while the printer does its work — something that's not a problem with other laser printers that have their own memo- ry. Even with this handicap, how- ever. Atari's low-ball desktop publishing system will probably at- tract those who can't afford more expensive systems.

The printer's output is equiva- lent in quality to pages produced by competing printers, largely because the printer uses a Japanese printer engine virtually identical to those found in other printers. Atari would not reveal the manufacturer of the engine, saying only that two Japa- nese suppliers are involved — one for the U.S. market and one for the European market. The prototype printer exhibited at CES contained a Canon printer engine, but Atari said this was not the engine being used in production models. Atari says the production printer will work at eight pages per minute — fairly fast for a laser printer.

The Atari PCs, Mega STs, and laser printer overshadowed Atari's other significant announcements at CES:

• Prices were cut slightly for the 1040ST and drastically for the 520ST. The monochrome 10405T system was reduced from $999 to $899; the color 1040ST system was cut from $1199 to $1099; and the monochrome 520ST system was slashed from $799 to $499, putting it directly in competition with eight-bit computers like the Com- modore 128 and Apple lie.

• The blitter chip upgrade for 520STs and 1040STs was expected to be released in March. It includes the blitter chip (which speeds up memory moves, and therefore, screen graphics), plus six ROM chips that contain a new version of the T05 operating system slightly modified for the blitter. (No other changes were made to TOS.) Atari says the blitter chip can be switched on or off to reduce compatibility

problems with some existing soft- ware. The upgrade is expected to cost less than $100, including installation.

• The SX212 Hayes-compatible modem should finally be available this spring. It works at 300 or 1200 bits per second with any computer that has an RS-232 serial port, in- cluding all STs. The modem also has an SIO (Serial Input/Output) port so it can be plugged directly into an Atari 400/800, XL, or XE without an interface. Retail price: $99.

• Behind glass. Atari showed a prototype of a new videogame ma- chine based on — believe it or not — a stripped-down Atari 65XE home computer. Basically, the game ma- chine is a 65XE without a keyboard. One Atari spokesman explained that the 65XE hasn't been selling particularly well in the U.S., partly because the 130XE offers twice as much memory (128K) for only a little more money (roughly $139 versus $89). At the same time. Atari has been enjoying a recent resur- gence in videogames, selling thou- sands of 2600s and 7800s. By converting the 65XE into a game machine. Atari figures it can sell more units and expand the market for cartridge-based software. And in another twist. Atari might offer a plug-in keyboard for the game ma- chine that would turn it back into a 65XE computer.

The Clone Wars

As noted earlier, the MS-DOS inva- sion was very much in evidence at CES. Although Atari's PC compati- bles got the jump on several rivals because of Atari's surprise intro- duction and the low pricing, Com- modore and other computer manufacturers showed PC clones that they are pushing aggressively in the U.S. market. Several compa- nies, including Tandy, Blue Chip Electronics, and Leading Edge, have gotten a big headstart in the PC-clone distribution and visibility races. Commodore, Atari, and the other new' entries in this fight will have to work hard to establish themselves.

Commodore exhibited two versions of a PC compatible, the $999 PClO-1 and the $1,199 PCIO- 2. Although somewhat higher in price than Atari's clones and those

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of several other manufacturers, Commodore's North American general manager Nigel Shepherd was quick to point out that the ma- chines will be sold in different mar- kets by different dealers. Commodore plans to give its deal- ers profit margins of 35 percent to help get the Commodore PCs dis- tributed widely. They'll also be sold by computer dealers rather than in mass market outlets,

"We haven't gone for the jugu- lar on price," he said. "It's a very competitive business. What we've gone for with the PC is a price/ feature combination that gives the dealer a margin [of profit]. And we think it will give us acceptable mar- ket share and acceptable profits."

Although it may seem odd to many American Commodore fans that their favorite company is mak- ing and selling a PC clone. Commo- dore has actually been selling these PCs in Canada and Europe for some time. With the current explo- sion of MS-DOS machines in the U.S., Commodore officials decided the market was ripe for their entry here also.

The $999 PClO-1 has one built-in 360K double-sided, double-density disk drive and 512K of RAM, which can be expanded to 640K. The $1,199 PClO-2 has two drives built in and 640K of RAM standard. And both systems have space for a half-height or full- height hard disk.

Beyond those differences, the computers are identical. Each has the 8088 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 4,77 MHz, MS- DOS 3.2, a PC-XT compatible BIOS, a PC-XT compatible key- board, and GW BASIC 3.2. There are five full-size expansion slots, and the machines also have as stan- dard equipment an RS-232 serial port, a Centronics parallel port, and an ATI Graphics Solution Adapter, which is a built-in monochrome and color display card compatible with IBM, CGA, MDA, Hercules, and Planatronics video modes. The power supply can handle a 40-meg hard disk, two floppy drives, and five expansion cards. Commodore is also bundling with each PC the popular Borland Sidekick desktop organizer.

Although Commodore has had considerable success with the PC

28 COMPUTEI April 1 987

Commodore's $1,199 PClO-2 is a PC compatible with two disk drives, 640K of RAM, atid five expansion slots. Commodore also introduced to the U.S. market the one-drive PClO-1 with 512K of memory.

compatibles in Europe and Canada, the low prices of other PC-clone competitors in the U.S. market will put pressure on Commodore to lower the prices of its PCIO systems.

Amstrad From England

Among the companies at CES that were also showing PC compatibles were Amstrad, Franklin, and Vic- tor, each of which seems deter- mined to fight vigorously for the PC-compatible buyers' attention.

Amstrad is a British computer manufacturer that has had success in selling its PC 512 PC clone sys- tems in Great Britain and Europe. The computer has now entered the U.S. and is being distributed by Video of Longview, Texas.

The Amstrad PC 512 comes with 512K of RAM, expandable to 640K, an 8086 microprocessor run- ning at 8 MHz, MS-DOS 3.2, three full-size expansion slots, a choice of one or two 360K S'A-inch floppy disk drives or one floppy with one 20-megabyte hard disk drive, stan- dard RS-232 serial and parallel in- terfaces, a battery-backed realtime clock, mouse, and a socket for an 8087 math coprocessor.

The PC 512 systems can be

purchased for as little as $799, which includes a single drive and a monochrome monitor; or, for as much as $1,499, which includes a 20-meg hard drive and color moni- tor. There are several variations of features and prices between those two systems, as well. The Amstrad units also come with Digital Re- search's GEM Desktop, GEM BASIC 2, and GEM Paint software and the user manuals.

The Amstrad machines will be sold in mass market outlets in the U.S., similar to the distribution sys- tem used in Europe, "We plan to approach the mass market channels in the United States and feel that the market will require a substantial volume to fill demand," said Video president, Vernon Moore.

Franklin And Victor

Franklin Computer, which previ- ously sold only Apple-compatible computers and equipment, has en- tered the PC-compatible market with two different machines — the $699.95 PC-6000 and the $799.95 PC-8000.

The standard features for each computer include 512K of RAM, which is expandable to 640K; built-

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P.O. Box 7219 • Dept. C4 • Grand Rapids, MI 49510 • Telex 709-101 • Phone 616/241-5510 Call now for the name of the dealer nearest you. Or order directly using your MC, Visa or Amex card. Add $4.00 per order for shipping. Foreign orders add $12.00 per item. Call (616)241-5510 or write for your free catalog. 30-day money back software guarantee. Dealers inquires welcome-over 2000 dealers nationwide.

in 360K floppy drive (the 8000 has two drives); built-in serial, parallel, and monochrome/color graphics adapters; a game port; and MS- DOS 3.1. An optional realtime clock with battery backup is avail- able for $39.95, and a GW-BASIC and MS-DOS 3.2 package can be purchased for $99.

Franklin is aiming its PC com- patibles at mass market chains. Some of the major outlets, such as Sears and Electronics Boutique, which already carry the Franklin Ace Apple-compatible computers, are now selling the new Franklin PCs, according to Franklin's presi- dent Morton E. David. And like Atari, with its PC compatibles that are usable right out of the box, Franklin and Amstrad are banking on capturing the consumers who don't want to have to learn about expansion slots, accelerator cards, math coprocessors, and the like.

Another MS-DOS machine is the Champion from Victor. Intro- duced last fall, the $799 Champion PC compatible is an IBM PC/XT clone that uses an 8086 micro- processor running at 4.77 MHz. The system includes 640K of mem- ory, five expansion slots, standard serial and parallel ports, MS-DOS 3.1, G'H BASIC, one 360K floppy drive (a second is optional), a de- tachable PC/AT-style keyboard, and a monochrome graphics card. An optional high-resoludon mono- chrome monitor is available for $119.

The New Commodore 128D

Not all of the computer news at CES focused on the 16-bit ma- chines and the MS-DOS clones. The Commodore 64 and 128 com- puters have continued to sell ex- tremely well. And that has resulted not only in much new software for these computers, but also several important hardware additions.

One of the most noticeable changes within the Commodore booth was an additional configura- tion of the 128. The Commodore 128D is actually the same machine functionally as the earlier 128, but is structured to be more business- like in its appearance and able to fit more easily on a desk.

The 128D consists of a system box with a built-in 1571 disk drive, a single power supply, and a de- tachable keyboard with a two -foot cord. The computer console can support a monitor or monitor stand. The 128D works with either a stan- dard television or a computer moni- tor such as the Commodore 1902 RGBI/composite color monitor.

This format of the Commodore 128 has actually been in Europe for more than a year, but couldn't be released in the U.S. at that time because the machine couldn't pass stringent FCC shielding require- ments. Now, redesigned to over- come that problem, the computer can enter the U.S. market. The re- tail price of the 128D should be about $550 when available in May.

The Commodore 128D computer is functionally identical to the original 128, but sports a new business-style configuration with detached keyboard and a system box with built-in 1571 drive that can support a monitor.

30 COMPUTEI April 1987

New Mass Storage

Both the Commodore 64 and the 128 now have new mass storage options. At CES, Commodofe in- troduced the 1581 3V2-inch disk drive as well as the new 1764 RAM Expansion Module for the 64.

The Commodore 1581 disk drive uses 3V2-inch disks that can hold up to 808K of data and can be used with the 64, 128, Plus 4, and 16 computers.

With a retail price of $399, the 1581 drive allows the 64, 128, Plus 4, and 16 computers from Commo- dore to begin using the increasingly popular 3Vi-inch disks. Not only do the 3y2-inch disks store up to 808K of data, but their hard shells and small size make them easier and sturdier to use. The 1581 is also reportedly three times faster than the 1541 disk drive.

Some Commodore 64 owners have envied 128 owners who've been able to buy either the 1700 or 1750 RAM expanders for their ma- chines. To remedy that, Commo- dore announced the $129 1764 RAM Expansion cartridge, which gives the 64 a whopping 256K of memory for data or program stor- age— five times the amount 64 owners have been used to. The ex- pansion module is designed to plug into the 64's expansion port.'

The module comes with two software packages, as well. The first is a disk operating system (DOS) program that is designed to help users get the most out of the RAM module as a RAM disk. In other words, memory within the RAM expander is used as a separate flop- py drive would be to store and re- trieve frequendy used data. The loading and saving of information can be virtually instantaneous with a RAM disk.

The second program bundled with the RAM Expansion cartridge is called the GEOS RAM Disk, a RAM disk that is set to work under

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the popular GEOS operating system and its applications. GEOS requires disk access numerous times, and the additional memory, when used as a RAM disk, turns GEOS and its applications into much easier and faster programs.

More f^emory

For those who just can't seem to get enough memory, two third-party companies also exhibited their hard drives for the 64 and 128 in the Commodore booth,

JCT (P.O. Box 286, Grants Pass, OR 97526) has 10-meg ($795), 5-meg ($695), and 3.7-meg ($595) hard drives. These work with any machine that uses the Commodore serial bus (128, 64, Plus/4, 16, or VIC, for example). Data transfer on the JCT drives is 1.7-2 times faster than on the 1541, but a parallel option for speeds 10-20 times faster is available (ca- ble and cartridge are $50).

Xetec (2804 Arnold Rd., Salina, KS 67401) displayed its Lt. Kerna! 20-Meg Hard Disk Drive. Devel- oped by Fiscal Information, this drive was originally announced more than two years ago, but never

distributed. Cardco, a software company, announced its intention to distribute the drive, but soon after, Cardco went out of business. Xetec, awaiting FCC approval at the time of the show, plans to have the drive available through dealers by the time you read this. The suggest- ed retail price for the 64 version is $899; for the 128 version, $949,

Commodore 64 owners will also be happy to know that Com- modore is releasing the long-awaited 1351 two-button mouse for cursor movement on the screen. The $49 mouse has two modes of operation: joystick, which is familiar to anyone who has used a joystick on the 64, and proportional, for precise and measured mouse movements with major applications like GEOS.

Moving Ahiead

While nothing in the fast-moving

microcomputer industry can be tak- en for granted, CES gave indica- tions that 1987 will be a good year for computer companies and com- puter users alike.

Commodore has apparently pulled itself out of severe financial straits, posting three consecutive

profitable quarters after more than a year and a half in the red. The new Amigas and the continuing successes of the 64 and 128 will certainly help to firm up the bottom line for the rest of 1987 and into 1988.

At the same time, Atari has moved boldly forward in the areas of desktop publishing with the ST, new Mega machines that use state of the art one-megabit dynamic RAM chips, and even the aggres- sively priced PC compatibles. After going public in late 1986, Atari watched its stock rise steadily.

Apple Computer, with the new GS extension of the Apple II family, looks as though it will move through the year in sound financial shape as well. Although there's bound to be some fallout among the MS-DOS manufacturers as the clone wars heat up, it's clear that this market will be a popular one throughout the year.

What all of this spells for us, the computer users, is the widest selection of popular, powerful, and usable machines ever available in the short, turbulent history of this industry. ©

c

Since 1981

Lyco Computer

Marketing & Consultants

^/^

Lyco Computer is one of the oldest and most established computer suppliers in America. Because we are dedicated to satisfying every customer, we have earned our reputation as the best in the business. And. our six years of experience in computer mail-order is your assurance of knowledgeable service and quality merchandise.

We fill 95% of all orders every month. Here's how: • lowest prices

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A Maturing Software Market

Kathy Yakal, Assistant Features Editor

Exciting new hardware was only half the story at January's CES. As the technologies that comprise the con- sumer electronics industry move closer together and toward the electronic home of the 1990s, software publishers are constantly gauging the entertain- ment, educational, and personal pro- ductivity needs of buyers. Here's a look at how they're doing.

A futurist, observed one computer industry leader recently, is anyone who can even think of an idea before Jack Tramiel introduces it on the floor of the Consumer Electron- ics Show.

Tramiel, the founder of Com- modore Business Machines who amazed the industry in 1984 by pur- chasing the Atari Corporation and bringing it back to financial health, seems to have the ability to come to market faster, and with more inex- pensive new products, than anyone else. That's a tough thing to do in this volatile, exciting industry char- acterized by its rapid growth.

Unfortunately, that growth hasn't helped to foster any single standard of hardware and software, as it has (for the most part) with television, radio, and stereo system components. And no consumer electronics product has achieved widespread household penetration without strict standards for compatibility.

"Over a dozen home computer systems have been marketed over the last few years with totally in- compatible operating systems," says David Seuss, president of Spinnaker Software. "Imagine the

36 COMPUTE! April 1937

early days of the TV industry: If you had had to choose from among 15 different TV's, each of which could only receive one channel, and one- third of all the stations went off the air every year, you probably would have said, TV's not for me, I like my radio. I'll wait 'til next year."

Standardization of consumer products like televisions and stere- os has not halted improvements in the quality of those items. Witness the recent explosion of improve- ments in digital TV's, compact disc players, and other electronic enter- tainment media. Video and audio products continue to get better, smaller, and faster — without con- fusing the consumer.

Consider, though, what would have happened if the home com- puter industry had imposed similar standards in its earlier days. Perhaps for every five consumers who scoff at the idea of having a computer in their home, there's one who says, "Well, this computer doesn't seem to do what I need but this other one does, so I guess I'll buy it..." And this selectivity is what some industry leaders think attracts many consum- ers. Uncontrolled growth may make the industry as a whole look unsta- ble, but that free rein has encour- aged hardware developers and software publishers to constantly re- define "state-of-the-art."

Further, explorations into new ways of electronically assisting home entertainment, education, and management — extending well beyond the home computer slice of the consumer electronics pie — are paving the way for the powerhouse computers a few years down the road.

Product Pipelines

In the meantime, there's still a healthy and growing installed base of persona! computers whose users continue to need software. The U.S. computer manufacturers keep up- grading their existing machines, en- couraging third-party peripheral and software development.

Software publishers see sever- al major software niches based on different computers, though each places the order of emphasis differ- ently, depending on their particular specialty. First is the venerable Commodore 64, whose low price and excellent graphics and sound make it a superb game machine.

Second are the PC clones, which are compatible with the MS- DOS format driving the IBM PC. "Over the last year, the PC format has risen to the number 2 position, whereas two years ago it was non- existent as a home software for- mat," says Trip Hawkins, referring to what he has experienced in the marketing of Electronic Arts popu- lar product line. Hawkins, presi- dent of EA, believes MS-DOS software could outsell every other format in 1987.

Third are the powerful 16-bit machines, the Commodore Amiga and Atari ST, which deliver state- of-the-art home computer technol- ogy and advanced audio/video features.

And finally the Apple ll-series and Macintosh computers continue to redefine educational, desktop publishing, and related markets.

Here are highlights of some of the new products announced at CES, as well as information about

ij^:

i^:^o^.y

COMMODORE

128 Ctompuier S275

1571 Disk Dnve S229

Compiler ..,. $175

1541 COiskOnve $185

1902 Monitor - - S285

1 802C Moniiof - -. S189

C-17CI0 128KRAM S109-95 / Hacker S1595

1750 RAM S169.95 / Hich Hikers $22,SS

Indus GT C-64 Drive $179 / Leather Goddesses S22 95

GEOS JCALL / Moonmisl ,522 95

C-1351 Mouse $39 / Music Studto S229S

AATARl

HARDWARE

SF 314 Disk Drive S219.96

SF 354 Disk Drive $175,95

1050 Drive (XE, XL series) $129.95

SHD 204 20 MEG Drive $655,95

65XE SCALL

520 ST mono SCALL

Indus GT A(an OnvB

AATARl

AATARl

HARDWARE

Access:

Leader Board 523,95

TouinafneralU „... . S14 9S

Triple Pack $14 95

lOtli Frarne _ S26 75

Actiuision:

SOFT

Access:

Leader Board $24

Toumamenl(»1 S13.9

IQih Frame „ $23,95

Aclivision:

Ballyhoo.- 523,95

Borrowed Time 532.95

Championship Baseball $2S.95

Charnpionship Basketball S28.95 / L,

Championship QoK Shiew / Mu

Game Maker SNew / Porta

Purchase ot^rs

accepted Irom educallonat institutions. Also, ask about volume discounts!

Microprose:

Conflict in Vietnam S25 95

Dec'Sion in Desen _ 525 95

F-15 Strike Eagle „ S22 95

Kennedy Approacri 519 95

Silent Servica S22 95

Top Gunner S!9 95

Microleague: Micro League Basetjali, , , S24 95

General Manager $24 95

S:ai Disk „ $15 95

B6 Team Disk ,, 513 95

Broderbund:

PnntSliop 525,75

Print Shop Companion , S22 75

Graphic Library 1, II. or III ,515 75

Karateka $13,75

Bank St Writer ,.-- $29 75

Optimized Systems:

Action S46 95

Action Tool Kit ,, $18 95

BasicXE _ 54695

TassT Titanic ,-

MicroPros

F-15 Strike F

Gunship Kenne<3y Appro; Silent Service Solo Flight , Top Gunner

Hacker S28 95

Hacker 2 S32-95

Leather Goddesses i,... $23 95

Little People..... „..^„, ^ $32 95

Moonmisl ...,.„.,.. ...$23.95

Music Studio - $37.95

Paint Works S43.95

Portal $34.95

Shanghai $28 95

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/ Microleague:

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Mercenary S26 75 / General Manager

Mercenary.Second City — S17 95 / gtat DisH

Alternate RealilyThe City $34.95 / -agTeamDsk

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Silent Sen/icE $24 95 / Basebai Stadium _

F.15 Strike Eagle,.. $24.75 / Geirstone Healer

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Personal Pascal $48.95 / Kampfgruppe

Personal Prolog $51.75 / Phantasie II $

Siralegic Simulations: / Rmg ol Zellin S2'

Basic XL „ $36 95

Base XL Tool Kit _ $18.95

MacBS $46.95

Mac 65 Tool Kit _ _ _.. 518.95

Phamasie $24.95

Phantasie II $26,75

Epjrx: ApshaiTnlogy $22.95

Road War 2000 „ S24

Stiard ot Spring S24 95

Strategic Simulations: Battle ol Arteliem 532 95

Nam $24 95

Wargame Construction $18 95

Wizards Crown 524 95

Super Cycle 522.95

World Gaines 522.95

Wteslting ....522.95

Rrebird: Pai«n $28.95

Starglider $28 95

Golden Path $31 95

Wizards Crown War in the Scuth Pacific Wargante Construction Set

Sublogic:

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Scenery Disk

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Sublogic Football

Epyx:

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524 75 524 75 $24.75

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Sublogic: Flight Simulator II. . 531 96

Night Mission Pinball $2195 / Aocourts $174.95

Scenery Japan _ $15 95 / VIP Prolesscnal 5124.95

Scenery#1 #6 „_ S6995 / VIP Professional LilO 574 95

^Pl'"' / Unison Worid: / Karate Champ S20 75

Eidolon „ $22.95 / Art Gallery 1 or2 518.95 / MovieMonster $24 75

Karate Champ, , $1895/ Print Master... S24 95 / Muiliplan 524 75

X«°"'^f<^ $2295 / ^^^. / surnmer Carries II IZIZ..I"II.^ 524.75

SummerGames .,...„ S2395 / ^oomracks $54.95 / Super Cycte $24 75

Zoomracksll , $79.95 / Vorpol Ulilily Kit $15.75

Winter Games S24 75

World Games $24 75

53195 531.95 $21.95 . $17 95 .. $31 95 525 95

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Brodert.ur«l: SOFTWARE / TalKing Teacher $28.95

BankSl.WrilEr12BK $32.75 / ^™'"'' ^'^'^

Carmen San Diego $22 75 / HiTech Expressions:

Champion Lode Runner SZ* 75 / Heart Ware $6.75

Graphrc Library I II or III ,. $15 75 / Holiday Paper $8.95

KaralBka S18 75 / Card Ware $6,75

PrnlShop , „„ $25-75 / Parly Ware „„ $9.75

Prin: Shop Companion „,.... .S?2 76 / Unison World:

Pirns Shop Paper _„ „ $12 75 / AftGallecy t of 2 SJ5.95

/ Print Master $22.95

tappkz

Science l.il $35 75

Access:

Leader Board $24.95

Mach 5 $23.95

Mach -128 $29.95

IQlh Frame $24.95

Execulive TournamenI S1396 / Access:

Tournamenl#l $13 95 / Triple Pack $14.95

T"PlePack $M95 /^division:

Aelivislon: / Enchanier Trilogy $49.75

Aliens $2475 / Game Maker $31.75

/

Championstiip Basketball $22 75

Hacker $1B75

acker 2 $20.75

lyrinth $22 75

c Studio S22.75

$26.95

les $22.75

$NEW

SOFTWARE Access:

Leader Board S24.95

Portal , $28 75

TournamenI #1 $14 95

Activision: Borrowed Time . . ,,, $26 95

$21.95

$22.95

h $19 95

- $22,95

$19 95

$1995

Leather Goddesses ....$25.75

Term Psper S35.75

Championship Baskett>all--... S26.95

Championsfiip Golf SWew

MicroPro se:

Crusade in Europe S24 95

Decision in Desert $24 95

F. 15 Strike Eagle $22.95

Silent Service $22.95

Microleague:

Chanipicnship Basketball............ S26 95

Champiorship Golf,.... $32.95

Hacker 526.95

Hacker 2.. $29 95

Lirlie People $29 95

Mindshadow.. $26.95

Music Studio _ $35 95

Tass Trmes _ _ $26.95

Strategic Simulations: Computer Baseball S24 95

.- $24.95

... $24,95 SI 5 95 $13 95 .SNew

fi^icro League Baseball $25.95

General fitanager $25.95

StalDisk S16 95

'86 Team Disk $14.95

Broderbund:

Airhean $22.75

Ancient Art of War. S25.75

Print Shop $30,75

Print Shop Companion $25,75

Carmen San Diego (USA) $28.75

On Balance $82.75

$16.95

.$18.95 .$36.95 36.95 195 35

Bank St Wnle/(12BK) ,. Strategic Simulations:

Batllegruppe $38,95

Colonial Conquest $25.95

Gettysburg $35,95

Phanlasiell $25.95

Shard ol Spring $25.95

Wizafds Crown $25.95

Sublogic:

Flight Simulator II $32.95

Jet Simulator $25,95

Nighl lulission PinbatI ,$22.95

cenery ffl • #6 $69.95

$43.75

(x:

oyer $23.95

Champ $23 95

onster „,,„.. S23.9S

mes- - ...$23.95

»• ^3.95 y Microprose;

$23 95 / co^fiic, i„ Vietnam S25 75

Crusade m Eu'ope $25.75

Decision in Desan _ $25.76

F 15 Strike Eagle $21.75

Silent Se-vice $21 75

Sublogic:

Flight Simulator II „ $32 95

Jet Simu'aloi $CALL

Epy<:

Apshai Trilogy. „ _ S22 95

Rogue $22.9b

Winter Games $22 95

Firebird: Pawn S2B95

Unison World: / Epy:

Prim Master $24.95 / Apshai Trilogy $24.75

An Gallery 1 or2 $18.95 / Destroyer $24.75

Karate Champ $19.75

VIP Professional $115 / Mo^i^ «°™'^' 52*75

' Rogue $19.75

Winter Games $24.75

World Games $24.75

Strategic Simulations:

Battle of Anieliem $38.75

Computer Baseball $14.95

Gettysburg $38.75

Knights in De sen $25 75

Shard of Spring $25 75

Sublogic:

Jet Simulator $34 75

Scenery Japan S1S.9S

See nen( San Francisco $15.95

Scenery #1 - 116 $69.95

Brodertund:

SOFTWARE

Aelivislon:

Pebble Beach S32 95

Portal i28 95

Championship Basketball $26 95

Ballylioo $25.75

Enchanler Trilogy $49 75

Leather Goddesses S25 75

Moonmisl S25 75

I,1u5ic Studio, -.$32.75

$25 95

,,,$22,95

Ancient Aft ol War $28 95

Print Shop $37,75

Pnm Stwp Companion .$31 75

GraphicLityarylOfll $21,75

KaiBleka $21,75

Toy Shop S39.95

$19,95 / Microleague:

,,$25,95 / r^icro League Baseball $25.95

General lidanager _.._..„ $25.35

Stat Disk $1695

'36 Team Disk $14 95

Bank Sl Writer $49.95

Unison World:

Art Gallery 2 $18.95

News Master $55,75

Pnnt Master.,,

..$36 75

We stock over 5000 lilies of sotlware. If it's not listed, call lor price and availability!

L

PRINTERS

Seikosha SP1000VC S154

Seikosha SPiaoOAi S205

Panasonic IDBOi SISS

Star NX-10 S199

SlarNP-lO S1B9

Citiien 120-D S179

^CITIZEN

Premiere 35 $469

1080 APIIc S239

thk

EPSON

LX86 S209

FX85 S355

MSP-10 S2B5

MSP-15 $385

MSP-20 S325

MSP25 $485

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EX 800.,

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EX 1000 S579

FX285 .$479

SEIKOSHA

LOaOO S449

LQ1D0O S659

FX B6E SCALL

FX 286E

-IL.

mi< ro niej^inc

NX-IOC $209

NL-10 $229

NX-IS $329

NB-15 $949

SD-10 $265

SD-1S --..$438

SR-10 S469

SR-15 S535

NB24-15 $729

NO-15 IM45

NR-)5 $529

OKIDATA

Okimale 20 ST $189

120 NUO S225

292 $449

293 $599

182 $21*

192* S365

193» -.$559

SP lOOOAPIIc $199

SP ISOOAilBM $215

SP laOOASi R5232 $215

..SCALL / SP 18DVC - 5159

SP 180Ai $165

SL-BOAi $375

MP 1300A( $439

MP 530DAI S579

BP5420Ai $1099

13DD Color Kit $119

BP-5420 Ribban S12.50

""""" "° Modems

J75 /

f-C^^c

Avalex >^'&.'^!;^

ISOOho •*"^'^|M^^

200 , $89

Zoom

PC 1200 ST (internal) .,. $189

PC 1200XL|iniernal] $259

PC 2400 ST (rnlernal) $329

PC 2400 XL linlerrall $349

Hayes

Smartmodem 300 ,..$133

Smanmociem 1200 $377

Smanmodem 1200B $347

Smanmodeni 2400 „ „...„ S598

M^cromodem lie SCALL

Smart 300 Apple lie $CALL

Anchor

Volksmodem 12 Si 35

Comntodore

1670 S129

Supra

1064 Modem $49-95

SupraSOO S3995

Supra 1200 $149 95

Atari XM-301 - -..- $35

Monitors

T^nika

MJ-22 - S24S

MJ.305 $309

MJ-503 $529

Zenith

ZVM122Q 589

CM-145SS13- $525

CM 1457 A 13- RGB $679

Thomson

365 12 RGB SCALL

Monocl^rome Irom $89

Panasonic

TR. 122 MVP 12" Amber TTL $139

TR.122 M9P 12" Green TTL $139

Commodore 1902 Cofot S289

EXP420P S209

EXP600P S539

EXP BOOP $719

ZVM1230 $89

ZVM 1 240 $139

ZVM 1350 -$33b

Hitachi

MM-1218 12" Green $39

1802 C $215

NEC

Multisync $CALL

Princeton Graphics

M AX- 1 2 A-mt>er $175

MM. 1220 12" TTL Amber $129

CM-1216D12" RGB $385

HV-12HGB $458

SR-12RGB S575

We stock interfacing for Alati, Commodore, Apple and IBM /

existing products converted to new machine formats. For more information about new products at CES, see "News & Products," elsewhere in this issue.

Accolade's Comics: This interactive computer comic book was introduced by year-old software publisher Accolade at CES, Its plot revolves around a character named Steve Keene, who must try to thwart evil plots for the Chief of Spystuff, Inc. Unlike text-only adven- tures, Accolade's Comics incorporates detailed color graphics. The player determines the direction of the story by selecting answers to a series of questions. Some of the answers lead to dead ends, and others take you through a variety of themes and plot twists. Sever- al different endings are possible each time the game is played. Arcade action becomes part of the game when Keene falls into traps, inescapable positions, and em- barrassing situations. (Commodore 64, $39.95, Accolade)

Aliens; The Computer Game: Based on last sum- mer's hit movie, Aliens features six game segments closely tied to the movie's storyline and action. (Com- modore 64, $39,95, Activision)

The Bard's Tale: Now available for the Commodore Amiga. ($49.95, Electronic Arts)

The Bard's Tale II: The Destiny Knight: This fantasy sequel to The Bard's Tale is even more challenging than its predecessor. It features an expanded dominion for exploration and adventure, and incorporates advanced combat and magic systems. (Commodore 64, $39.95; Apple II version coming, Electronic Arts)

B.I. Calc, File, Spell, Write: Four productivity pack- ages for IBM PC and compatible users, including, respectively, a spreadsheet, a database, a spell checker, and a word processor. The programs are designed for ease of use in home and business environments. ($39.95 each. Batteries Included)

Bop 'N Wrestle, Infiltrator, and Trailblazer: Now available for Atari eight-bit computers. ($29.95 each, Mindscape)

Bureaucracy: Fans of Douglas Adams' book Hitch- hiker's Guide to the Galaxy were delighted when Adams helped design a computer version of that tale for Infocom. Now Adams has lent his comic writing style to Infocom once again by co-designing Bureaucracy, a text adventure that wraps up the player in the endless swathes of red tape that everyone faces when dealing with big institutions. (MS-DOS, Apple II and Macin- tosh, Commodore Amiga, Atari ST, $39.95, Infocom/ Activision)

Championship Golf: The Great Courses of the World— Volujne Orte: Pebble Beach: Now available for the Commodore Amiga. ($54.95, Gamestar/ Activision)

Create a Calendar: This program offers an assort- ment of calendar types and a wide variety of decorative fonts, borders, and graphics suitable for special occa- sions. In addition, graphics from the Epyx Graphics Scrapbook series or The Print Shop may be used. Multi- ple lines of text and graphics can be placed on any day of the year, and regularly scheduled events can be repeated automatically. (Commodore 64, Apple II, and MS-DOS compatibles, Epyx)

Dan Dare: Pilot of the Future: In this interactive game, each screen becomes a comic book panel that

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you control, complete with cap- tions, full-color 3-D cartoon graph- ics, mazes, puzzles, fist fights, and a realistic soundtrack. The game fol- lows the adventures of Britain's popular comic book hero Dan Dare and his pet, Stripey, as they travel to a distant asteroid and neutralize the threat posed by the alien Treens. (Commodore 64, under $20, Elec- tronic Arts)

Data Manager PC: This is a flex- ible filing and record-keeping sys- tem that generates customized data reports and includes a built-in graphics package, print preview mode, and label maker. (IBM PC and compatibles, $59.95, Timeworks)

Deluxe Creativity Series: Five productivity packages, compatible with each other, turn the Commo- dore Amiga and Apple IIGS into home sound/video production stu- dios. The programs include Deluxe Paint 11, Deluxe Music Construction Set, Instant Music, Deluxe Print, and DeluxeVideo. The series is also sup- ported by a growing library of data disks and a quarterly magazine, De- luxeNews. (Electronic Arts)

Deluxe Music Construction Set: Now available for the Amiga ($99.95), Macintosh ($99.95), and Apple IlGS. (Electronic Arts)

Deluxe Paint II: Now available for the Apple IlGS. ($99.95, Elec- tronic Arts)

Deluxe Print: Now available for the Apple IlGS. (Electronic Arts)

Earl Weaver Baseball: This is an action /strategy baseball simulation coauthored by Baltimore Orioles' former manager Earl Weaver. (Commodore Amiga, $49.95, Elec- tronic Arts)

E^rl Weaver Baseball is an action/ strategy baseball simulation game for the Commodore Amiga that was de- signed with the help of former Baltimore Orioles manager Earl Weaver. (Electron- ic Arts)

38 COMPUTEI April 1987

GBA Championship Basketball: Tivo-on-Two: Now available for the Amiga. ($44.95, Gamestar/ Activision)

GFL Championship Football: Now available for the Amiga. ($44.95, Gamestar/ Activision)

GEOS: Just one year ago, at the 1986 Winter CES, Berkeley Softworks premiered an operating system/graphics user interface for the Commodore 64 called GEOS (Graphic Environment Operating System). GEOS was designed to speed up disk access five to seven times and make the 64 easier to use by providing windows, icons, and pull-down menus. Since then, GEOS has been adopted by Com- modore as the official operating system for the 64, and it's now bun- dled with the redesigned Commo- dore 64C computer.

At the 1986 Winter Consumer Electron- ics Show, Berkeley Softworks introduced GEOS, which was adopted as the offi- cial graphics user interface for the Com- modore 64. At the 1987 WCES, Berkeley premiered an 80-column version of GEOS for the Commodore 128. Berkeley also announced a number of new com- panion packages for the program, in- cluding geoCalc and geoFile, a spreadsheet and database manager.

At the 1987 Winter CES, Berkeley made a commanding ap- pearance with a large booth across the aisle from Commodore, and the company announced new add-ons for GEOS. geoCalc ($49.95) is a spreadsheet program with space for 112 columns and 256 rows of data. It provides basic arithmetic func- tions to 12 places of accuracy and advanced mathematical functions to nine places of accuracy. In addi- tion, geoCalc performs sum and av- erage calculations on data, displays two different portions of a spread- sheet at the same time, does man- ual or automatic calculations, and lets the user adjust the size of cells.

geoFile ($49.95) is a CEOS-

based filing system for managing all types of data. And geoDex ($39.95) is an electronic card file that lets the user organize names, addresses, phone numbers, and other miscellaneous information by group or alphabetically.

An 80-column version of GEOS for the Commodore 128 was also announced. It's expected to be available in the second quarter of 1987. (Commodore 64 and 128, $69, Berkeley Softworks)

GraphicWorks Version 1.1: This product is an upgrade of Mind- scape's sophisticated desktop pub- lishing package, GraphicWorks. Enhancements include onscreen rulers; color printing; rotation, per- spective, skew, and distortion tools; and PageMaker 1.2 and 2.0 support. (Apple Macintosh, $99.95; regis- tered owners of the earlier version can receive the upgrade for $19.95; Mindscape)

Guild of Thieves: Firebird of- fered a sneak preview at CES of its follow-up to its popular text-and- graphics adventure. The Pawn, ti- tled Guild of Thieves. (Firebird Licensees)

Hollywood Hijinx: The latest Infocom text adventure is a tribute to old Hollywood B-grade movies. You play a character whose Uncle Buddy Burbank has left you a sprawling Malibu estate. The catch is that you must find ten treasures hidden in the estate in one evening, or lose the whole thing. Hollywood Hijinx is loaded with the kinds of pure logic problems found in Info- com's classic Zork trilogy. (Commo- dore 64, Atari XE/XL, $34.95; MS- DOS, Apple II and Macintosh, Commodore Amiga, Atari ST, $39.95; Infocom/ Activision)

Instant Music: Now available for the Apple IIgs. (Electronic Arts)

Laser Author: One of the first offerings in Firebird Licensees' new business division. Laser Author is a document processor/desktop pub- lishing package for the Macintosh. (Apple Macintosh, under $200, Firebird Licensees)

Masterpiece: This professional sr.quencing program offers dual MIDI port capabilities, 32 tracks, and 24 sequences. (Apple Macin- tosh and Atari ST, $475, Sonus)

Music Construction Set: Now available for the Apple IlGS. ($49,95, Electronic Arts)

OpT.ion-i

mumi

i.lSLiJIviviict j:iu-kV.'^ ■** -i^ii w

li

Activision voiced early support for the new Apple IlGS with both entertainmenl and productivity software. Shoivn here is The Music Studio, an easy-to-use music composition tool.

The Music Studio: Now avail- able for the Apple IlGS. ($79.95, Activision)

PHM Pegasus: Designed in consultation with a former Patrol Hydrofoil Missilecraft (PHM) com- mander and technical adviser to the U.S. Navy, PHM Pegasus puts you in control of a hydrofoil as you battle enemy vessels in any of eight different combat assignments. You complete a basic hydrofoil training session and become part of the Ter- rorist Action Group (TAG) Force, which can be called to action at any time. (Commodore 64, $39,95; Ap- ple II version to be announced. Electronic Arts)

Partner PC: This is a memory- resident program that operates con- currently with other applications and includes ten time-saving orga- nizational tools. (IBM PC and com- patibles, $59.95, Timeworks)

Partner 64: This is a 40-column cartridge-based desktop accessory for the Commodore 64. Memory- resident once it's plugged into the back of the computer. Partner 64 gives you eight time-saving organi- zational programs: appointment calendar and date book; memo pad; phone list and autodialer; name and address list; calculator; type- writer; label maker and envelope addresser; and screen print utility. (Commodore 64, $59.95, Time- works)

PC Voyager: Another of Fire- bird's new business offerings, PC Voyager is an interactive database that helps you plan trips by provid- ing information on such things as hotels, restaurants, ground trans- portation, and travel routes for spe- cific international locales. (IBM PC and compatibles, under $100, Fire-

bird Licensees)

Portal: Assisted by a biological computer named Homer in the year 2106, you must explore the culture of the twenty-second century to try and find out why all the earth's inhabitants have disappeared. Using Homer's massive database, you learn about such things as the Antarctic Expeditionary Force (AEF), the Elite Neutralization Corps (ENC), and the technology of the era — neurophage weapons, agrobiotics, biomonitors, LN cells, IR nightvision thermography, and induction sensorium. (IBM PC and compatibles, Apple II, $44.95; Mac- intosh, Commodore Amiga, Atari ST, $49.95; Commodore 64, $39.95, Activision)

PrintMaster Plus: This is an up- grade to Unison World's desktop publishing package, PrintMaster. It's designed to allow greater flexi- bility when creating and printing signs, banners, stationery calen- dars, and greeting cards. (MS-DOS compatibles, $59.95; Commodore Amiga and 64, Atari ST, $39.95; Apple II version available soon; Unison World)

Red Storm Rising: With the au- thor's assistance, Tom Clancy's bestselling novel Red Storyn Rising is being developed as a simulation game. The program is expected to appear in late 1987. (Microprose)

One of the first entertainment products announced for the Commodore Amiga at its launch nearly tivo years ago, Return to Atlantis is an interactive adventure story with rich graphics and animation. (Electronic Arts)

Return to Atlantis: One of the first entertainment offerings an- nounced at the launch of the Amiga, this is a novel-sized adven- ture incorporating stunning graph- ics and animation. (Amiga, $49.95, Electronic Arts)

Sinbad: This is a new program in the Cinemaware line distributed

Cinemaware is a line of interactive en- tertainment software from Mindscape for the Commodore Amiga, Atari ST, and Apple Macintosh that incorporates movie characters and themes in a graphics-intensive environment. Sinbad, the latest title in the series, debuted at CES.

by Mindscape. Cinemaware titles, available only for the Macintosh, ST, and Amiga, use highly sophisti- cated color graphics and animation in an interactive game environ- ment. (Cinemaware/Mindscape)

Springboard Publisher: Spring- board, publisher of the popular productivity programs The News- room and Certificate Maker, has in- troduced Springboard Publisher, a sophisticated desktop publishing program for Apple Il-series com- puters that creates the working en- vironment of the Apple Macintosh on the eight-bit Apple lis.

Publisher gives the user total control over page design and lay- out. Pages can be preformatted, or the user can work free-form. Graphics and text can be placed anywhere on the page and rear- ranged at any time. The program's impressive library of working tools are accessed via pull-down menus, so the user is never required to leave the page currently being designed.

Springboard Publisher is com- patible with any Apple lie, lie, or IlGS computer with 128K memory, and supports both dot-matrix and laser printers. (Apple Il-series with 128K memory. Springboard)

Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy: Sequel to the popular Star Trek: The Kobayishi Alternative, this game features a sophisticated parser that understands nearly 1000 words and can handle multi- ple sentences and objects. The game's premise involves an alien attack that depletes the U.S.S. En- terprise's food supply; you must beam down to a nearby planet to

AprtI 1987 COMPUTEI 39

replenish the supply. (IBM PC and compatibles, Apple II, $39.95; Commodore 64, $32.95; Simon & Schuster)

Starglider: Excellent 3-D graph- ics and sound effects contribute to the realism of this fast-action ar- cade game. Already a hit on the Atari ST, the game requires cun- ning, skill, and quick reflexes as you do battle with the starship Star- glider. (Commodore 64, $39.95; Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, Ap- ple II, and MS-DOS, $44.95; Fire- bird Licensees)

Stickybear Numbers, Stickybear Math I, Stickybear Reading, Sticky- bear Typing, and Stickybear Spell- grabber: Now available for MS- DOS and compatible computers. ($39.95, Weekly Reader Family Software)

Street Sports Basketball: Epyx made a name for itself in the area of sports simulations with the Summer Games/Winter Games series. Now the company has introduced a new sports line, the Street Sports series. The first title. Street Sports Basket- ball, was introduced at CES. (Com- modore 64, Epyx)

^'" ffnnii"-'

Sub Battle Simulator signals a return to the kinds of simulations that Epyx published in its early days in the soft- ware business. Versions ivill be avail- able for the Apple II and Macintosh, Atari ST, Commodore 64, and MS-DOS compatibles. The Mac version is shown here.

Sub Battle Simulator: Another new series announced by Epyx at CES is the Masters Collection, a return to the kinds of simulations that gave Epyx a start in the home computer software business. Sub Battle Simulator, first in that series, is a detailed submarine simulation set in World War II. Players can choose from over 60 different mis- sions, all based on achial historical data. (Apple II and Macintosh, ! Atari ST, Commodore 64; Epyx)

40 COMPUTEI April 1967

SuperScore: This program loads SuperScore, Super Sec]uencer, Glass Tracks, and MasterPiece data files and prints out musical scores; it also serves as an editor and sequencer. (Macintosh and ST, $425, Sonus)

Super Sequencer: A professional MIDI recording system and librari- an. (Macintosh, ST, $195, Sonus)

Swiftcalc PC: Now available for IBM PC and compatibles, ($59.95, Time works)

Tracker: This game challenges you with fast maneuvers, high- speed 3-D battle sequences, and de- manding play action, (Commodore 64, $39.95; Atari ST and Apple Macintosh, $44.95, Firebird Licensees)

TRIO: Already available for the Commodore 64 and Apple II, TRIO is an integrated package for the Commodore 128 that includes a word processor, spreadsheet, and database manager. TRIO WORD lets you edit text easily, link files together, and work on two docu- ments simultaneously, TRIO CALC offers a large, flexible worksheet for financial planning. And TRIO FILE offers all the recordkeeping, search- ing, and printing capabilities of a good database manager. (Commo- dore 128, $69.95, Softsync)

Word Writer PC: A word pro- cessing program for MS-DOS ma- chines. Word Writer PC includes a 90,000-word spelling checker, inte- grated thesaurus with over 60,000 synonyms and alternatives, and an integrated outliner and dictionary. (IBM PC and compatibles, $59.95, Timeworks)

Word Writer 3: This word pro- cessor features an 85,000-word spelling checker, integrated thesau- rus and outline processor, 80-column print preview mode, and automatic program setup. It's also G£OS-com- patible. (Commodore 64, $49.95, Timeworks)

Writer's Choice Elite: Part of Ac- tivision's Personal Choice line of productivity software, this is an easy-to-use word processing pro- gram that offers colored text and highlighting in five colors. (Apple IIGS, $99.95, Activision)

Inexpensive Collections of Oldies

In addition to new products at CES, several companies announced new lower prices for collections of old

titles. The Accolade Avantage line

includes Spy vs. Spy I & U, Deceptor, and Desert Fox (Commodore 64, Apple n. Atari 8-bit, $14,95), Elec- tronic Arts added to its line of Soft- ware Classics Archon II: Adept, Sky fox, Movie Maker, Financial Cookbook, and Mind Mirror (most titles available for all eight-bit com- puters for under $15 each). Activi- sion announced the first in its series of Solid Gold Software titles: Pitfall! and Demon Attack will be packaged together (Commodore 64/Atari XE/XL "flippy," under $15). Mindscape rolled out its Thunder Mountain Division, previously published and new titles (Apple II and Macintosh, MS-DOS, Commo- dore 64, and Atari 800, $9.95). And Infocom has bundled its three pop- ular Zork programs in the Zork Tril- ogy (Commodore 64, Atari XL/XE, $59.95; Apple II and Macintosh, Commodore Amiga, MS-DOS compatibles, $69.95).

For more information about any of these products, contact a local retailer or:

Accolade, 20833 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Cupertino, CA 95014

Activision, 2350 Bayshore Parkway, Moun- tain View, CA 94043

Batteries Included, 30 Mural Street, Rich- mond Hill, Ontario, Canada L4B IBS

Berkeley Softworks, 2150 Shattuck Ave- nue, Berkeley, CA 94704

Electronic Arts, 1820 Gateway Drive, San Mateo, CA 94404

Epyx, 60 fl Galveston Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063

Firebird Licensees, P.O. Box 49, Ramsey,

NJ 07446

Infocom, 125 Cambridge Park Drive, Cam- bridge, MA 02140

MicroFrose, 120 Lakefront Drive, Hunt Val- ley, MD 21030

Mindscape, 3444 Dundee Road, North- brook, IL 60062

Simon & Schuster, One Gulf -|- Western Plaza, New York, NY 10023

Softsync, 162 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016

Sonus, 21430 Stralhem Street, Ste. H., Can- oga Park, CA 91304

Springboard Software, 7808 Creekridge Cir., Minneapolis, MN 55435

Timeworks, 444 Lake Cook Road, Deer- field, IL 60015

Weekly Reader Family Software, 4343 Eq- uity Drive, P.O. Box 16754, Columbus, OH 43216 ^

SpeedScript 80

The SO-Column Machine Language Word Processor For Apple II

Charles Brannon, Kevin hylortin, and Bill Rodrick

COMPUTE! is proud to present SpeedScript 80, an 80-column word processor for Apple He, Ik, and lies cornputers. Based on SpeedScript 3.0, which was first published in the June 1985 issue of COMPUTE! maga- zine, SpeedScript 80 !S an impressive word processing application that's easy to learn, and just as easy to use. If you already have and use Speed- Script, you can save yourself retyping time by following the easy instruc- tions ivhich show you hoio to modify SpeedScript for 80 columns. Speed- Script 80 runs on any Apple lie and IIGS, and on lie computers with an 80-column card. DOS 3.3 and Pro- DOS versions are included.

SpeedScript 80, though compact in size (5.5K), has most of the func- tions you expect in a full-featured word processor, SpeedScript is also very easy to learn and use. You type in everything first; preview and make corrections on the screen; in- sert and delete words, sentences, and paragraphs; then print out an error-free draft, letting SpeedScript 80 take care of things like margins, centering, headers, and footers.

Special Typing Instructions

SpeedScript 80 is a long program, but our "Apple MLX" entry system helps you type it right the first time. MLX can detect most typing errors as they happen. (See the Apple MLX instructions and program elsewhere in this issue.) MLX also lets you type SpeedScript 80 in more

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rs^ss^

SpeedScript 80 is an 30-cohimn version of SpeedScript, COMPUTEI's popular word processor for Apple I! computers. This version runs on any Apple Uc and Ugs and on Apple He computers with 80-column cards. The program works with either DOS 3.3 or ProDOS.

than one sitting. Although the pro- gram listing is lengthy, we think you'll agree the effort is worth- while. If you prefer, you can order this issue's companion disk — which includes SpeedScript 80 — di- rectly from COMPUTE! Publica- tions by using the coupon in the magazine or by calling COMPUTE! Publications toll-free at 1-800-346- 6767 (in NY 1-212-887-8525).

To begin entering the data for SpeedScript 80, boot up your Apple with a DOS 3.3 or ProDOS startup disk in the drive. Programs entered with MLX must be saved to disk with the same operating system for- mat as the disk from which MLX was loaded. If you will be using the ProDOS operating system, you must enter the DOS 3.3 version of SpeedScript 80, listed at the end of this article, then create a ProDOS

version by following the instruc- tions found in the section 'TroDOS Modifications."

ProDOS users should read the section "ProDOS Modifications," which explains the conversion proce- dure, before attempting to run the SpeedScript 80 program.

Because the machine language data for SpeedScript 80 resides in the same area of memory where BASIC programs are normally loaded, it's necessary to reconfigure memory before loading MLX to enter Speed- Script 80. Otherwise, the Speed- Script 80 data you enter with MLX will overwrite the MLX program itself as you type. To reconfigure memory, type the following line in direct mode (no line number) and hit Return: POKE 104,32: POKE 8192,0: NEW

You must always enter this line before loading MLX to enter Speed- Script 80 data. It is, however, not necessary to enter this line before loading the completed SpeedScript 80 program.

Now run MLX. Respond to its prompts as indicated:

STARTING ADDRESS? 0800 ENDING ADDRESS? 1E45

An options menu appears next. Press E to Enter the program. Now type the address at which you'd like to start typing. If you're just begin- ning to type the listing, enter 0800. The screen then shows the first prompt, the number 0800 followed by a colon (;). Type in each two- digit number shown in the Speed- Script 80 listing (Program 1). Some

April 1987 esOMPUTEl 41

Apple SpeedScript 3.0 Keyboard Map

Use ICTRLl or |control| with most commands Apple lie Keyboard Shown. Apple lle,tl+ keyboard Jimilar

hs«-1255

vitti OpAp or ESC:[>»l«tt

z

vitti SHFT Home Cursor

sWttch ijpp*rc4s«

lowwcise

Eras*

Senlerwe Word Par*grap<i into buffer

or ERASE

ALL

Precedes

fonw , .

eofwTundsl t*y I

CtI+3

IS*ve ^

tak

DDE

RepUce

vithODAp or ESC; Selwt ReoiKe Ptir«»

Tab

(MenO S spaces

vithSHffTL kisert Buffer

ClIeJM

Find& Replace

BQix

Insert Mod*

On /Off

■t

Ll.

•pen

up a

space

Cinsert)

FVint

-with Op All or £80: Print to Screen or Slot'

«>j lnd«it

aaass

B4ckspace delet;

aQQBQQB

0 a D 0 0,0 0 m a ID E^

HoUdovn wttfi some cormrunds

die. He)

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LOdd

it etrior

positior

IC^takxil

DeVte

Senleiwt

Word

Paragraph

t^to

buffer

Enter

format

variable

FWnext.

with OpAp or ESC: Select Searc>4 Ptya«

vitt SHfT Insert Buffer

Cursor left Cursor right

with Op Ap or ESC: Vord Left

gam

vithOpAp or ESC: VordRljht

with CTRL and

SHFT: End

Par avapti, indent

Next Sentence

with Op Ap or ESC: Neirt Paragraph

eturn-1 mark J

1

Previous Sentence

with Op Ap

or ESC:

Previous

Paragraph

of the digits are letters, because the numbers are in hexadecimal. You don't need to type the spaces be- tween the two-digit numbers shown in the listing, but you can for the sake of readability. MLX doesn't let you type illegal characters.

The last number you enter in each line is a checksum. If you type the line correctly, the checksum cal- culated by MLX should match the checksum number you typed in. If it doesn't match, MLX makes you retype the line, MLX is not fool- proof, though. It's quite rare, but it's possible that an error in one num- ber could be offset by an error in another. MLX will help catch your errors, but you still must be careful.

Typing In Multiple Sittings

If you want to stop typing the list- ing at some point and pick up later, press Return at the address prompt without typing anything. Write down the address where you stopped. The options menu reap- pears, and you can save your typing at this point. To continue entering

data the next time, boot your sys- tem, enter the direct-mode line giv- en above to configure memory, and load MLX, Answer the STARTING ADDRESS? and ENDING AD- DRESS? questions with the same values you used the first time, 0800 and 1E45. Then select Load from the options menu, and press E to enter data. Give MLX the address number where you previously stopped. Then continue typing as before.

When you finish all typing, MLX returns you to the options menu, where you can save the fin- ished program. Since you'll have quite a bit of effort invested in en- tering all the data, we recommend that you use the MLX Save option to save copies of SpeedScript 80 on several different disks before you leave MLX.

MLX has now created a binary file on disk. This version of Speed- Script 80 will run only with DOS 3.3; ProDOS users should read the section "ProDOS Modifications" for information on converting this version of SpeedScript 80 into a Pro- DOS version.

Running SpeedScript 80

To run SpeedScript 80 with DOS 3,3, reboot the machine to clear out memory. Then, from BASIC, type BRUN filename, where filename is the name you specified when sav- ing SpeedScript 80 on disk with MLX. SpeedScript 80 automatically loads and runs. If you prefer, you can write a short program, some- thing like

10 PRINT CHR$(4);"BRUN filename"

Save it as the HELLO file on the disk (use INIT HELLO to format and set up a blank disk). This makes SpeedScript 80 load and run automatically when you boot up. To run the ProDOS version, simply reboot the machine with the SpeedScript 80 startup disk in the drive, and SpeedScript 80 will load and run automatically, Alternative- ly, if you already have ProDOS booted, insert the SpeedScript 80 disk and at a BASIC ] prompt, enter: -SS.SYSTEM

An Empty Pag©

When you run SpeedScript 80, you'll see a blank 80-column screen with

42 COMPUTEI April 1987

"Before you buy

insurance,

examine the evidence."

RAYMOND BURR

■:''<^^^

An agent who works for one company

can only offer you the policies that

his company sells. An Independent

Insurance Agent represents several

companies. So your Independent

Agent can help you select the right

coverage at the right price

because there are more policies

from which to choose.

The evidence is clear.

THE MORE-THAN-ON£-COMPANY INSURANCB AGENT,

You'll find the Independent Insurance Agent nearest you in the Yellow Pages.

a blinking underline cursor. The first line on the screen is in reverse video, white with black letters. SpeedScript 80 presents all messages on this command line. The remain- ing 20 lines of the screen are used to enter, edit, and display your document.

The clarity of the 80-column display will vary depending on your monitor or television set. If the characters appear fuzzy and a bit unreadable, try adjusting the con- trast of the monitor or set while turning up its brightness. This leaves you with a gray background instead of black, but the characters should show up more easily.

The cursor shows where the next character you type will appear on the screen. SpeedScript SO lets you move the cursor anywhere within your document, making it simple to find and correct errors.

Entering Text

To begin using SpeedScript 80, start typing, just as you would on a type- writer. Hold down the Shift key to type an uppercase letter, and be sure the Caps Lock key is disen- gaged if you want to type lowercase.

When the cursor reaches the right edge of the screen, it automat- ically jumps to the beginning of the next line, just as in BASIC. But unlike BASIC, SpeedScript 80 never splits words at the right edge of the screen. If a word you're typing won't fit at the end of one line, it's instantly moved to the next line. This feature, called word-wrap, helps make your text more readable.

Scrolling And

Screen

Formatting

When you finish typing on the last screen line, SpeedScript 80 automat- ically scrolls the text upward to make room for a new line at the bottom. Imagine the screen as a 20- line window on a long continuous document. The DOS 3.3 version provides room in memory for 27,904 characters, or about 10-15 pages of text. Unfortunately, the DOS 3.3 version cannot make use of memory in excess of 48K. How- ever, the ProDOS version of Speed- Script 80 does give you access to an

additional lOK, or about 10,240 more characters.

To check at any time how much space is available, press Con- trol-A (hold down the Control key while pressing the A key). The number appearing in the command line indicates how much available room remains for characters of text.

If you're used to a typewriter and this is your first experience with word processing, you'll have to unlearn some habits. For one thing, you don't have to press Re- turn at the end of each line as you do on a typewriter. SpeedScript SO's word-wrap takes care of this auto- matically. Press Return only when you want to force a carriage return to end a paragraph or limit the length of a line. A return mark ap- pears on the screen as a reverse less-than sign (<).

Using Ttie Keyboard

Most features are accessed with Control-key commands — you hold down Control while pressing an- other key. In this article, Control- key commands are represented as Control-ar (where x is the key you press in combination with Control). An example is the Control-A, men- tioned above, to check on available memory. Control-E means hold down Control and press E.

Some commands have special options. You may be required to press the Open Apple key (the key to the left of the space bar with a hollow Apple symbol on the face) while pressing another key or Con- trol-key combination. The Open Apple key is abbreviated as OpAp in this article. OpAp-Control-;t: means to press Open Apple in con- junction with a Control-key combi- nation. Other keys are referenced by name or function. See the "Key- board Map" figure for a complete quick-reference chart of all key- board commands. Because Speed- Script 80 uses almost every key, not all combinations are especially mnemonic. Most keys, though, stand for the name of the function they perform.

Some keys let you move the cursor to different places in the doc- ument to make corrections or scroll text into view. You can move the cursor by character, word, sen- tence, or paragraph. Here's how to

control the cursor:

• The ^ and - keys (cursor-left and cursor-right) move the cursor a sin- gle space in either direction. By holding down the Open Apple key while pressing the appropriate cur- sor key, you can move the cursor to the beginning of the next (-*) or previous (<-) word.

• The T and 4 keys (cursor-up and cursor-down) move the cursor to the beginning of either the previous or next sentence. A sentence is de- fined as any sequence of characters ending in a period, question mark, exclamation point, or return mark. Hold down the Open Apple key as you press the arrow to move to the beginning of the next (1) or previ- ous (T) paragraph. A paragraph is defined as any sequence of charac- ters ending in a return mark.

• Pressing Control-@ (Control- Shift-2) puts the cursor at the top of the screen. If the cursor is already at the top of the screen, Control-@ moves the cursor to the top of the document. To move quickly to the beginning of the document, press Control-(a twice.

■ Control-2 moves the cursor to the end of the document, scrolling if necessary. It's easy to remember- since Z is at the end of the alphabet.

Making Corrections

Sometimes, you'll have to insert characters to make a correction. Use Control-O to open up a single space. Merely position the cursor at the point where you want to insert a space, and press Control-O.

It can be tedious to use Con- trol-O to open up enough space for a whole sentence or paragraph. For convenience, SpeedScript 80 has an insert mode that automatically in- serts space for each character you type. In this mode, you can't type over characters; everything is in- serted at the cursor position. To enter insert mode, press Control-I. To cancel insert mode, press Con- trol-I again. To let you know you're in insert mode, the cursor changes from a blinking underline to a blinking reverse underline, which looks like a solid square. The cursor changes back to a blinking under- line when you exit insert mode. Because of keyboard decoding re- dundancy, the Tab key works just like Control-I.

44 COMPUni April 19B7

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IBM

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COMMODORE

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CompuServe Staner 24. S9

Dalacase 7J(

Disk NolCher 4.S9

Flip-n-Filc 1Q.B9

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APPLE SOFTWARE

		IBM
	Alseblasler
	!7,B9
^^^^	American Challenge ASC II Express	24.99
	?4.!9
	Balante ol Power	33.89
	Gank Street Writer-	se.eg
	Breakers	2e.B9
	CertilkiU Miiier	4t.e9
	LIbrtry Vol. 1	t9.89
	dBase III-	4t9.83
	Dollirs t Sense	1 34.89
	Easy Filghl Sim	30.89
	28.49
	Fonlrli	88.89
	Fomasy	48.83
	Fnlpks 1 thru 13 ea. I3.a9
	Framework II	4t9.89
	Fully Powereii PC	24.89
	Ctmecard III	39.89
	Galo	21,89
	Nicker Isr II	24.89
	Helical Ace	24.89
	Jet	31.49
	Xings Quest 1 or II	31.89
	load Runner	22.89
	Locksmith	K.89
	Lotus	319.89
	Mean 1S	34.89
	Mngr^g Yr Money	114,89
	Micro Cookbook	27.99
	Mictosoll WortI	279.00
	Multipian	110.99
	Newsroom Pro	74.99
	Norton Utilities	58.89
	Option Soard	79.89
	PC Tools	18.89
	PFS: Access	99.89
	PFS: Files Proles. PFS; First Choice	148.89
^^^■"^	104.89
^^^—	PFS: Flan Protes,	148.89
	PFS: Write Protes. Print Shop Prim Shop Companio	148.89
	34.89
	1 32,89
	Prim Shop Gr. --t	21,69
	Reflex Database	86,89
	Report Card	32,89
	Sidekick	S0,89
	Sideways Vcr. --3 Sllem Service	39.89
	22.89
	Speedkey	104.89
	SuperCalc 1	279.89
	Superkey	40.89
	Symphony Think Tank	494,39
	99.89
	Toy Sftcp TrsKling Sidekick	46.89 40,99
	Turbo Database Tlbx	40.99
	Turbo Lighting	58.99
	Turbo Pascal 3.0	59.89
	Turbo Prolog	58.89
	Turbo Tutor	23.89
	Ultima III	40,89
	Visabie mi	47.89
	Volkswriter DIx -'3	141.00
	Web. Spell Checker	39,89
	Wijardry	36,89
	Word Perfect	289,00
	Wordstar 2D00+	284,89

APPLE SOnWARE

Adv. Construction 33,89

Alrhean 22.39

Algeblasler 27.89

Alpha Plot 20.99

ASC II Eipresi 74,99

Auto Works 25.99

Bag of Tricks 2 31.89

Bank Street Filer 42.89

Bank Street Mailer 42.89

Bank Street Writer 42.89

Bank Street Speller 42.89

Bard's Tale 39.99

Beagle Bag 16.99

Beagle Basic 18.89

Beagle Compiler 41.99

Beagle Graphics 30.89

Beneath Apple DOS 12.89

Big U 18.49

Bookends 66.89

Bop k Wrestle 18.89

Breakers 28.89

Captain Goodnight 22.89

Carmen Sandlsgo 25.89

Ceniticate Maker 29.S9

Library Vol. 1 19.89

Chart'n Graph TIbi 23.89

Classmates 27.89

Database Toolbox 23.89

Oaale Draw 37.89

O'Code 20.39

DiskSuick 15.89

Dollars t Sense 71.39

DOS Boss 12.39

Double-Take 18,49

Eidolon 24.99

Essential Oat) Dup 27.99

Extra X 20.99

Fantavision 31.99

FatCal 18.49

Flex Type 15.49

FonUtx 1.5 53.99 Fntpks 1 thruU ea. 13.89

Font Works 33.89

Forecast 37.89

Frame.Up 15.49

Gato 21.89

G I Joe 24.89

Graphics Department 28.89

Graphic Magician 25,89

Graphworks 44.89

GPLE 25.89

Handler Package 53.89

impossible Mission 24.89

1.0. Stiver 15.89

Jeeves 28.89

Karateka 22.89

Knight of Diamonds 25.89

Kid Writer 24.89

King's Quest I or II 31.89

Koronis Rift 24.89

Legacy of Liyigamyn 28.89

List Handier 36.89

LockSRIith 56.89

Macroworks 19.89

MngngVr Money 111.69

Megaworks 74.39

Merlin 41.39

Meriin Pro 64.89

Merlin Combs 68.69

Micro Cooktxiok 27.89

Niliionalre 3189

MinipiX 1,2of 3 15.49

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MouseWrite

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PFS: Plan

PFS: Write

PFS: File

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Pinpoint

Prince

Prlntographer

Prlntmaster

Print Shop

Prt Shp Gr, t.2.3 or 4

Prim Shop Companion

Probyter

Pronto DOS

Program Writer

Power Print

Quicken

Report Card

Rescue on Fractalus

Reportworks

Rescue Raiders

Science tool kit

Sensible Grammar

Sensible Speller

Shape Mechanic

Sideways

Silicon Salad

Skytoi

Speilworks

Spitfire Simulator

Star Fleet I

Sticky Bear ABC

Car Builder

Drawing

Math 1 or 2

Math Word Proij,

Music

lumbers

Printer

Reading

Rd, Comprehension

Speligrabber

Townbuilder

Typing Summer Games I or II Super Macrowwks Terrapin Logo Think Tank Thinkwofks Tip Disk n Toy Shop Transyhranla Trinity Tnple-Dump Turbo Database Tlbx Turbo Pascal 3.0 Turbo Tutor Type Ullima IV

Understanding ll£ Universal file conv Utility City Video Tooibox Visabie 6502 Wilderness Wiiardry

Wifvd's Tooibox Wiiprint Word Handler Word Perfect Wcdd's Gttst FIball Wntt Choice

40.99 38.89 23.99 22.89 75.89 75.89 75.69 23.19 39.89 48.89 23.89 27.89 31.89 15.89 24.89 18.49 15.49 33,89 20,89 34,89 32,89 24,89 74.89 21.(9 44.89 55,69 63,89 20,69 38.69 12.89 27.89 29.39 24.75 33.89 22.39 23,89 22.69 22.69 22.89 22,39 22.89 22.89 22,69 22.39 22.39 22.39 22.89 21-89 32.39 63.39 79.83 74,89 11.89 38.19 13.(9 24.89 20-89 39.89 44.89 21.89 26.89 40,89 17.89 24.89 15.49 23.89 31.75 34,89 31,89 23,89 16,89 36.89 84.89 24.89 24.89

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Acroiet 22.89

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Bank Street Speller 34.69

Bank Street Writer 34.89

Basic Toolkh 29.89

Blailng Paddles 24.89

Borrowed Time 20.89

Carmen Sandiigo 22.69

Cenlllcate Maker 29.89

Color Me 20.89

Cntdwn 10 Shidwn 20.89

Fast Tracks 20.89

Gato 20.89

Gertrude's Secrets 20.89

G I Joe 24.89

Graphics Magician 27.89

Grt Amer Road Race 19.89

Hacker 20.89

Jet 27.89

Jet Combat Simulator 20,69

Karateka 22.89

Kennedy Approach 24.89

Kung Fu 20.89

Little Comp. People 24.89

Mail Older Monsters 24.89

Menin 34.89

MIg Alley Ace 24.89

Multiplan 64/128 43.89

Nato Commander 22.89

Paperclip 41.89

Prtnl Shop 29.89

Print Shop Comp 21.89

Pr. SliopQr. 1.2.or3 15,89

Rescue on Fractatus 24.89

Scrabble 27.89

Sideways 20,89

Silent Service 22.89

Spitfire Ace 20.39

Spreadsheet 34,39

Sticky Bear ABC 20,89

Numbers 20.89

Opposltes 20,69

Shapes 20.69

Summer Games I or II 24,89

Temple ol Apshi Tril. 24.89

Toy Shop 39.99

Transformers 24,39

World Games 24,39

World's Gnsi Bsball 24,99

World's Grist FIball 24,39

Ballyhoo

Clip Art (Vol 1 u 3| Clip Art {Vol 2) Copy II -

Crossword Magic Crusade in Europe Cutthroats Early Games Easy as ABC's Enchanter family flools Fraction Factory F-15 Strike Eagle Graphics Expander Ghost Busters Hitchhiker's Guide leather Goddesses load Runner Magic Spelts Masteriype Math Blaster Micro Lg. Baseball Micro Lg. Manager Micro Lg. Team Mind Forever Voy. Music Construction Newsroom One-On-One Pitsiop II Planellill Reader Rabbil Sargon III

Sal (Hercott Brace] Sorcerer Speed Reader II Spell breaker Spelt n Slarcross Star Trek I or II Suspect Tass Times Unima III

Temple ol Apshii Id Trinity

Typing Tutor JJ Will Writer Winter Games Wishbnnger Witness Word Attack World's Gnst Bsbal ZorkI

Zork II or III Zork Trilogy

24.89 19.89 24.89 19.89 31.89 24.89 24.89 20.89 23,89 24,89 149,83 19,89 22,89 24,89 24,89 24,89 24,89 22,89 25,89 26,89 27,89 24.89 24.69 13.89 24.69 12.89 34.89 12.69 24.69 24.89 24.69 31.89 27.39 27.89 38.39 30.39 27.39 36,39 27.39 27.89 24,99 40.89 24.69 24.39 31.39 28.89 34.39 24.89 24,99 27.89 24.99 24.99 27,89 46.89

MOMTOFIS

Magnavoi Monitors CALL

Amdek Color 600 414,99

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Name.

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Compu PhonB	fir Typfi	SHIPPING
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APCLE HARDWARE
80 Col. 64K Card |ll E	49.89
Apple Cat II	184.89
Disk Drive Cont	47.00
Disk Drive HI Tech	119.89
Gibson Light Pan	148.00 118.89 74.89
Grappler Suffered	^^^^
GrapplerPro
Grappler (ierlal|	74.69
Grappler C	74,69
Hot link	44.89
Kralt Joystick ilE tIC	23.89
Koala Pad -	78.89
Laser 128 Computer Mach II Joystick	389.00
28.89
Math III Joystick	34.89
Micromodem HE	139.69
MockingE>oard A or B	64.89
Mockinglioard C	114.89
MuitiramCXS12K	174.00
Uuliiram IE 80/64K	119.00
Mouse House	7.49
Mouse Mat	6.49
Paddleslloks	26.50
Parallel Printer Card	44,89
Promelheys 1200A	254.89
Print, it	122 89
Haint«ctorS12K	219.89
Ramfactot 1 MEG	289,89
Ramworks 64K	139,89 199,89 289,89
Ramworks 512K
Ramworks 1 MEG
Super Serial Card	89.89
System Saver Fan	53.89
Thunder Clock	109.89
Wildcard II	T4.89
ZEE 80A Checkmate	54,89
Zoom IlE	102.89
PRINTERS
CitUen 1290	174.69
StarLVtitO	189.89
Star NX-10	256.00
Printer Stand	16.89
Okimale 20	209.89
Colored prntr ribbons	CALL
Color Paper Pack	12.89
Print Shop Refill	12.89

Insert mode is the easiest way

to insert text, but it can become too slow when you're inserting near the top of a very long document, be- cause it must move all the text fol- lowing the cursor position. So SpeedScript 80 has even more ways to insert blocks of text.

One way is to use Control-T. It's programmed in SpeedScript 80 to act as a five-space margin indent. To end one paragraph and start an- other, press Return twice and press Control-T. A shortcut for this is Control-]. This key combination automatically inserts two return marks and then indents the margin. Control-T always inserts; you don't need to be in insert mode. You can also use Control-T to open up more space than Control-0. (You cannot set or clear tab stops in SpeedScript 80 as you can with some word pro- cessors.) No matter how much space you want to insert, each in- sertion takes the same amount of time. So Control-T can insert five spaces five times faster than press- ing Control-0 five times.

There's an even better way, though. Press Control-Q to quickly insert 255 spaces. (It doesn't insert a line; use Return for that.) You can press it several times to open up as much space as you need. Control-Q inserts 255 spaces as fast as Con- trol-0 opens up one space. Now just type the text you wanted to insert over the blank space. (You don't want to be in Control-I insert mode when you use this trick; that would defeat its purpose.)

Since Delete is also slow when you're working with large docu- ments (it, too, must move all text following the cursor), you may pre- fer to use the *- key to backspace when using this method.

After you've finished inserting, there may be some inserted spaces left over that you didn't use. Just press OpAp-Control-Q. This in- stantly deletes all extra spaces be- tween the cursor and the start of following text. It's also useful whenever you need to delete a block of spaces for some reason.

Erasing Text

To erase the character on which the cursor is sitting, press Control-G (to grab the character). The charac- ter highlighted by the cursor is re-

ProDOS Modifications

The SpeedScript 80 word processor listed in this issue is for DOS 3.3. To create an enhanced ProDOS ver- sion, you need to do a little more than simply enter the program. (If you've bought this issue's compan- ion disk, the ProDOS version is al- ready on it and no conversion is necessary. However, you will need to refer to the instructions below for putting the SpeedScript 80 SS.SYS- TEM file on a disk with the PRO- DOS file, but without the BASIC.5YSTEM file.)

Apple's ProDOS operating system offers a considerable im- provement in performance and util- ity over DOS 3.3, but it also makes things a little more complicated. ProDOS uses and lays out memory differently from DOS 3.3, so many DOS 3.3 machine language pro- grams are not compatible with Pro- DOS. Also, many DOS 3.3 functions are not supported in the same way by ProDOS, This is enough to keep the original Apple version of SpeedScript 80 from run- ning with ProDOS, even if you save it on a ProDOS disk.

The solution is "ProDOS Mak- er," which changes an existing copy of DOS 3.3 SpeedScript 80 into a program usable with ProDOS. As a bonus, ProDOS SpeedScript 80 gives you lOK more of text memory to work with.

Making The Conversion

First, type in SpeedScript 80 using MLX as described above. To pre- pare for the conversion, type in and save both Programs 4 and 5 below. Program 4 is a BASIC program that makes the changes to SpeedScript 80. Program 5 is a binary file that must be typed in with the MLX program.

To enter the data from Pro- gram 5, load and run the MLX pro- gram. Note that, while special preparations are necessary before loading MLX to enter SpeedScript 80 data, no unusual steps are needed before loading MLX to enter data from Program 5. Apple MLX asks

you for the starting and ending ad- dresses of the program you're typ- ing in. Enter the values as indicated:

STARTING ADDRESS? 3AF0 ENDING ADDRESS? 3CBF

Next, you'll see a menu. Press E to enter data; then enter 3AF0 as the address at which to begin typ- ing. Program 5 is not a long listing, so take your time and be careful. MLX will ask you to retype a line if you make a mistake. When you finish, you return to the MLX menu. Press S to save the file. You must use the name SPEEDSCRIPT2 for the data from Program 5, since this is the filename which Program 4 looks for.

After you've typed in the pro- grams (you may want to make backup copies of them on another disk for security), follow these step- by-step instructions:

1. If you have an Apple He, load and run the "Filer" system utili-