ORGAN OF THE RELIEF SOCIETY . OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS Room 29, Bishops Building, Salt Lake City, Utah VOLUME VIII $1.00 a Year— Single Copy 10c NUMBER 1
JANUARY, 1921
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I L. D. S. GARMENTS I
The Sign of Quality
ia-Mt^i
/
GARMENTS
The Sign of Comfort
If your leading dealer does not have the garments you desire, select your wants from this list and send order direct to us. We will prepay all postage to any part of the United States. Samples submitted upon request.
Style Price
2 Unbranded special, light wt., $1.65 15 Bleached spring needle gauze, 1.85 25 Cotton, light wt., bleached, 2.25
3 Cotton, gauze wL, bleached, 2.50 75 Cotton, medium wt., bleached, 2.50
100 Cotton, heavy wt., bleached, 2.75
Style Price
90 Cottonjieavy wt.,unbleached, $2.75
50 Lisle, gauze weight, bleached, 3.00
107 Merino wool, medium weight, 3.75
109 Merino wool, heavy weight, 4.75
65 Mercerized, It. wt., bleached, 5.00
120 % Australian wool, light wt., 6.00
145 Pure silk, 12.00
I The only approved Garments made with wide flaps at back, button holes |
I for better fastening down front, and set in shoulder pieces to prevent sleeves |
I stretching. I
I Salt Lake Knitting Store |
I 70 South Main St. Salt Lake City |
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The I
Colombia I
Grafonola |
is' the only |
phonograph |
which has |
the non-set |
automiatic |
stop. I
I Sunshine
I Enters the home with every loaf
I of Royal Bread — the all-pure loaf
I the kiddies love, that keeps them
I happy and bounding at play.
Ir01ALBREAD
The bread that made moiber qnit baldiHi
I Is all pure food. |
a £
I Why bother to bake at home? |
I Give your Neighborhood Grocer a |
I standing order for this excellent |
I bread. It's best for you. |
I Royal Baking Co. |
I SALT LAKE |
s =
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It plays a record and stops itself without your aid
$15.00
A MONTH will buy this instrument
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I BUY AT I
DICKINSON'S
I **the right >veigh" |
I Where up-to-date methods make shopping a pleasure for you, whether you |
I select your requirements, or order them over the 'phone. |
I It is our pride to deliver to you the exact quality and quantity that yo^i |
I purchase. , |
i Our most valuable asset: |
I "Satisfied Customers." |
i CHOICE MEATS AND FANCY GROCERIES I
I Hyland 60. 680 East Second South Street. |
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I Latter-Day Saints Garments |
I APPROVED LABEL IN EACH GARMENT |
I No. No. I
I 111 Light weight, cotton $1.75 124 Heavy weight, bleached $3.00 f
I 120 Light weight, bleached 2.00 150 Extra white meres 4.00 |
I 160 Medium weight, cotton 2.25 110 Medium wool, mixed 4.00 |
I 122 Medium weight, bleached 2.25 116 Heavy wool, mixed 5.00 |
I 190 Heavy weight, cotton 2.75 118 Extra heavy wool 6.50 |
WASATCH WOOLEN MILLS
I No. 657 Iverson Street Salt Lake City, Utah |
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What Do Your Children Read?
Guiding children in their reading
A REAL self-filling Pen
is a big, vital problem. There are | | Guaranteed tO Satisfy
so many wholesome, inspiring vol- =1
umes that you cannot afford to let | | a j, .knnt it
them read anything trashy or cheap. | I
Co-operate with our Juvenile De- | | Write about it
partment. Let us suggest Books |
that are high class. Books that meet |
the personal tastes, adapted to va- |
rious ages. Write for lists. i
Deseret Book Company I i '"^^^ •'*=^*'""
44 East South Temple Street | i 64 Mam St., Salt Lake City, Utah
Ti/cConahai/
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I Salt Lake's Leading Opticians |
I LOUIS A. JAMES and DONALD C. JAMES 1
I OPTOMETRISTS AND OPTICIANS |
Globe Optical Company
I East 2nd South (Walker Bank Bldg. ) Salt Lake City, Utah f
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The Ije lief Society Magazine
Owned and Published by the General Board of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
CONTENTS
JANUARY, 1921
\ New Year's Prayer for 1921 1
Four Great-Grandmothers Frontispiece
A. Blessed Baby 3
A. Prayer 6
Out of the World 7
The International Council of Women 21
World Happenings 32
Notes from the Field 35
Editorial : My New Year Resolution 41
Lesson on Tobacco Evil 43
Suide Lessons for February 45
-'juide Lessons for ]\Iarch 55
ADVERTISERS' DIRECTORY
Patronize those who patronize us.
DAYNES-BEEBE MUSIC CO., 61-3-5 Main Street. Salt Lake City, Utah.
ROYAL BREAD CO., Salt Lake City, Utah.
DICKINSON'S, 680 East Second South Street, Salt Lake City, Utah.
WASATCH WOOLEN MILLS, 657 Iverson Street, Salt Lake City, Utah.
DESERET BOOK CO., 44 East South Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah.
GLOBE OPTICAL CO., East Second South, Salt Lake City, Utah.
KEELEY'S, Salt Lake City, Utah.
McCONAHAY, 64 Main Street, Salt Lake City, Utah.
SALT LAKE KNITTING STORE, 70 South Main Street, Salt Lake City,
UTAH STATE NATIONAL BANK, Salt Lake City, Utah.
McDonald candy CO., Salt Lake City. Utah.
A NEW YEAR'S PRAYER FOR 1921 L. Lula Greene Richards
Father who art in Heaven,
Hallowed be Thy name! As Jesus taught the humble
Who to His presence came, Joseph Thy modern Prophet
Hath taught Thy Saints to pray, And thus we would approach Thee
On this great New Year's day.
We thank Thee that Thy Kingdom
Hath come on earth again, With Prophets and Apostles,
Devout and holy men. Come Jesus, Heaven's Kingdom
In light and power display. Bring Thou with all its glory
A New Eternal Day !
FOUR GREAT-GRANDMOTHERS.
Back Row : Elize Manglesen, Maria E. Bosh, Anna Petersen, Mary Hanson Sherwood. Middle row: Grandmother Milhe M. Wankeer, mother of babe in center, Thelma Bosh Peterson, with baby Peterson on her lap. Below is seated great-great-grandmother Amelia Bosh.
THE
Relief Society Magazine
Vol. VIII JANUARY, 1921 No. 1
A Blessed Baby.
We are using" for our New Year's frontispiece a picture which is the most remarkable group we have ever seen, for the baby on the lap of the mother is surrounded by her two living grandmothers and her four great grandmothers, and below her is one of her great-great grandmothers. The names are as follows :
Baby Peterson — born Alay 1, 1920, in Levan, Juab Co., Utah. Mother, Thelma Bosh Peterson, born Dec. 9, 1902, Levan, Juab CO., Utah.
Tci'o Grandmothers
Millie M. Wankeer, born Jan. l"^, 1867. age 53, in Denmark. Leah S. Bosh, born August 23, 1882, at Sandy.
Four Great Grandmothers
Elize Manegelsen, born March 27, 1846, in Denmark, came to Utah in 1869. Maria C. Bosh, born July 19, 1860, in Denmark, age 60. Anna Peterson, born Jan. 18, 1844', in Denmark, came to Utah about 1860. Mary H.' Sherwood, born July 1, 1859, in Omaha.
Great Great Grandmother- (seated below baby)
-Amelia Bosh, born Dec. 24, 1833, in Ostep, Germany, age 87.
You will note that the great-great grandmother was born in 1833, and two of the great-grandmothers in the early 40's, while one great grandmother was l^orn in 1859. The grandmoth- ers are born in 1882 and 1867.
All of these women are of sturdy Scan<linavian stock, one of the great grandmothers, Mary Hanson Sherwood, having a rather remarkable personal history. She was born in Omaha on the way to Utah, where her mother had lingered to gather means to go into the valley. Her mother was the first woman bap-
6 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
tized in Iceland and was a widow with this child when she reached Utah a year or two later. The widow settled in Span- ish Fork, Utah. When the girl was fourteen years old, her mother came to Salt Lake City and took a room in the tithing office lodging house, inside the Brigham Young wall which then surrounded the Lion House, and on its southwest corner the old Tithing Office and Deseret News building. She gave the girl into the care and custody of Mrs. Susa Young Gates, when she died, a year later, in the house. Mary lived with Mrs. Gates for four or five years and finally married William Sherwood, by whom she had nine sturdy children.
By dint of much toil and sacrifice they secured a farm in Levan, Utah. After many years, having married off their chil- dren, they came to Salt Lake and asked their old friend for help, to get a position as care-takers in some home. They se- cured employment with Mrs. A. W. McCune at her home on the hill as housekeeper and care-takers.
In looking over her mother's old papers, Sister Sherwood found a little book which carries her line back twelve hundred years into the Icelandic royal line in a straight un- broken chain. This year Sister Sherwood was assisted by Pro- fessor Bjornson. of -the B. Y. College, in Logan, to get this line connected up in its ramifications, through the office of one of the leading Icelandic scholars in his native country. Strange to say, she had just saved sufficient money to pay for this service and happily sent her contribution to complete her wonderful Icelandic royal line.
How true it is that the Latter-day Saints are the descend- ants of the best and noblest stock in the countries from which they came!
We are happy to present this picture as a New Year's of- fering to our readers.
A PRAYER
May E. Lillie
A good wife to my husband, O Lord, I crave to be ; A good mother to the children that thou hast given me ; A good daughter to my mother, in humbleness I pray ; A good sister to the brothers whom I love more every day ; A good relative and neighbor, and O unto the end, Make me, gracious Father, thy loyal, loving friend.
Out of the World
PART I.
By G. Milton Babcock.
I.
"Look, mama ! I got my report today," shouted ten-year-old Walter Nelson, as he gleefully banged his way into the kitchen of the Nelson home. "I passed all my examinations and got ninety-six in deportment. Now, ain't I a good boy?"
"Mercy me ! child, you don't need to slam the door so. I'm afraid if you came into the school room that way you would never get so high a mark. Well, my boy, I am pleased with your progress, and hope you will always do good work in school."
So saying, Florence Nelson caught her only child and hug- ged him affectionately. He had been her all for eight long years — since the time her husband left to work in the country, only to be stricken with pneumonia and die in the home of his employer. His death had been a terrible blow to the girl, for during their three short years of married life they had been unable to accumulate anything except the furniture, which they had paid for on the installment plan ; and, like many men of the day, he had failed to take out a life insurance policy.
The widow hardly knew which way to turn, when thrown upon her own resources. However, she finally secured work from one of the many collar shops in the vicinity, the collars being delivered unfolded to her home each morning. Each col- lar required the use of an awl in picking out the wrinkled corners; one edge was then turned under about a quarter of an inch, and the collar pressed neatly.
It was arduous work, particularly the, Apressing. Often would a neighbor, hurrying by as the town clock ominously lolled one of the early morning hours, glance up at the lighted window and mutter some such remark as, "Goodness ! Mrs. Nelson's still at it."
Enforced vacations were of frequent occurrence, due to slowing down of production at the factory, so that what little surplus she was able to accumulate during the times of steady work was used to tide her over the idle periods.
Despite all this, she lived in quiet enjoyment of her home, and her personal appearance seldom betrayed the long hours that she worked in order to keep body and soul together and .nake it possible for her boy to get an education. Somewhat
8 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
short of stature, with soft, loving, brown eyes that shone from under an arch of gold, she gave the impression of one who could suffer and yet be strong.
The following evening a far-awa}' look was in her eyes as one of the neighbors called.
"Still turning collars, i see!" greeted the visitor cheerily.
"Yes, Jane; I had two dozen to do over."
"That's a shame ! What's the matter, you don't look as happy as usual. Come, give me that awl and I'll hel]) you. You must be tired out."
"It's not that so much. Jane ; but Walter came home with his school report today and it brought to memory an incident that ha])pened just thirteen years ago this month.
"Tell me about it, Mrs. Nelson."
A barely audible sigh escaped the widow's lips as she turned over a portion of her work to the visitor. She sat a moment in deep thought.
"Well, at the beginning of ni}' junior \ear in high school, the faculty offered a prize of ten dollars in gold for the student making the best progress in English. It did not interest me ver}- much, for I was a poor English student : and, sure enough, on m}' first test 1 only got sixty.
"The year rolled by and commencement night came in all its glory. The graduates, of course, were the center of attrac- tion and the envy of the students. The valedictorian was a l)ig, manly fellow with bright, twinkling eyes, and a smile that you couldn't resist. .After the diplomas had been given out, the principal arose and referred to the English prize, and stated that two students had ])rove(l worthy of receiving it, and, there- fore, the facult)' had decided to divide it equally between the two.. He said one had started out with a very low mark and finished with a good one : while the other ])rogressed from a fair to an excellent mark. Who should be one of the winners but the valedictorian ! The other- — you can't guess — was me ! I had brought my final mark to eighty-three.
"Just as I was about to go out the door, the young man with whom 1 shared the prize came up, and, with that winning smile of his, asked if he might accompany me home. I had known him by sight for some time, but that was all. although T had heard his name mentioned. He was a s])lendid companion — not the mushy, flattering type that one so often meets now-a- days — so when he asked if he might call, I readily gave my con- sent.
"Jane, 1 don't know why I should be telling you these things — I had thought the memory of them was buried, never to rise." She paused, an expression of deep sadness overshadowing her countenance.
OUT OF THE WORLD. 9
"Do go on, ]\Irs. Xelson," pleaded the guest. "What be- came of the young man?"
"Well, a warm friendship sprang up between us, and I felt that I could trust myself with him anywhere. Many the summer evening would we go for a row on the Hudson above the dam — you know how pleasant it is up there. He. was always so agreeable; but he had very peculiar religious views.
"One afternoon as our boat drifted along I said, 'Joe, what church do you go to?' "
"He looked at me in a peculiar sort of way and replied, slowly :
" 'Guess I don't belong to any church now, although I was brought up a Presbyterian.'
" 'How's that?' I asked.
"He then told me that about the time he finished grade school, the men at the car shops in Mohawk Heights went out on strike and things went pretty hard for them. His minister was getting a good salary and had seemed to be satisfied up till the time of the strike : but at that time, when the people needed all their money, he had the gall to ask for a raise, saying that he had received a call which would pay him more. Of course, it was out of the question for the congregation to pay him more. Nevertheless, at this time, when the people needed spiritual help more than ever, that fellow left — sold himslf for money — and the church had to close down until the strike was over. Joe said he hadn't been able to get himself into a church since that time, and that he couldn't help but think that people were being railroaded to heaven at so much a mile, and that there were dozens of lines to travel over, I remember his exact words :
" 'Christ intended that we should travel over one road — the straight and narrow one — -and I hope, some day, either in this world or the next, I shall find the right way.'
"Jane, I wonder if he knows the right way — now?" she sobbed. "Joe Nelson was my husband !"
H.
Florence Nelson arose the next morning before the sun came with its awakening rays. Old friends and old scenes had appeared in quick succession in her sleep, and it seemed that the world she awoke in was that of a dozen or more years back. A sudden desire to take a walk in the cool morning air came upon her, and as Walter had gone to bed earlier than usual the night before, she felt he would be glad to accompany ner.
"Walter," she called, shaking him gently.
■"What, mam?"
10 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
"Don't you want to get up and take a nice walk with me? We'll be back in time for Sunday school."
"Yes, I guess so ; where will we go?"
"Oh, up toward Fairview. Come now, hurry and get dressed, so we can start out before its gets too hot."
Soon they were bound for the hills. It was a beautiful July morning. Walter ran back and forth and finally presented his mother with a bunch of what he called "Dead-Men's Bones" — she called them "Butter-and-Eggs" — a pretty yellow and orange- colored flower which grew by the wayside. Among other things, he pointed out the "swimmin' hole" in a good-sized creek that flowed under the railroad bridge. Here the boys were wont to bathe, clothed only in nature's garb, but always making it a point to be a "body of flesh surrounded by water" when the passenger trains went by.
Presently the highlands overlooking the valley were reached, and they rested under a great elm which stood apart, alone, over- looking the landscape. The songs of birds, and the hum of in- sects floated through the air, while the daisies gently nodded their heads in the morning breeze. Below, in the foreground, lay Green Island, and Walter busied himself for a moment in trying to pick out the gable of their house from among the many that showed dimly through the village treetops. Gone was the wild vegetation which had suggested the first part of the name to the early settlers, but the mountain and ocean-fed Hudson still flowed on the east and south, while the swift, rock-cutting Mohawk coming down from the northwest divided into a "Y," the main stream flowing east to the Hudson, and the other branching along the west side of the village eventually also find- ing its way to the Hudson.
The splendor of the view inspired the widow, and a song of gladness arose within her heart in harmony with the sounds emanating from the wildwood and from the branches of the stately elm above. Walter, too, was impressed, and asked :
"Mama, wasn't God good to give us such a beautiful world to live in?"
"Yes, my boy ; and don't you think we ought to be thank- ful for these things, and do what he wants us to do?"
"I am thankful, mama. You know I say my prayers and go to church."
"I know you do, my child ; but that isn't all ; we must let our every-day lives show that we love God. We should love our teachers and our playmates, and be fair in everything we do — in every game we play. And above all, we must be truthful. If we do these things we are indeed the children of our heavenly Father."
OUT OF THE WORLD. 11
''Tell me about my heavenly Father, mama ; how can I have two fathers?"
''One is your earthly father, while the One who made this beautiful world for us is our heavenly Father—"
"He made the world out of nothin', didn't he?" interrupted the boy. "That's what my Sunday school teacher says."
She thought for a moment before replying — could "some- thing" be made from "nothing" ? The Bible said that God created the world, and the church taught that he did it out of "noth- ing"— surely the church could not be wrong about it!
"I guess your teacher is right," she replied somewhat doubt- fully.
Rapidly the sun rose higher in the heavens, and the wander- ers started homeward rejoicing. For a few hours she had broken away from the worries of her every-day existence and a Sabbatical calm was in her heart. As for Walter, he had lost for the moment the aimless, care-free spirit, and in its place had been supplied the teachings of nature — and of God.
III.
"Mama, do you know where the rest of my dominos are?" asked Walter one evening a few weeks later.
"Why, no, son, I don't ; you had them in the parlor last — perhaps they are in there under the lounge. Now I'm going down stairs to pay Mr. Simmons the rent," she warned, "so you be careful what you get into."
As his mother's footsteps sounded on the stairs, Walter contemplated for a moment just how he would secure the lost dominoes. The lamp was too heavy for him to carry around handily, and the only alternative was to light his little lantern, the globe of which had been broken and, consequently, the use of the lantern had been strictly forbidden. The desire to get the dominos, however, proved too strong. "It won't take a minute for me to find them, and mama won't really care," he soliloquized.
A few minutes later a panic-stricken boy rushed to the head of the stairs and called, "Mama! mama! the lounge is on fire!" In terror he seized a basin of water that was handy and, rush- ing into the parlor, poured the water on top of the lounge. Fly- ing to the window, he recognized in the darkness the form of the landlord coming fromi the village pump with a pail of water.
"Mr. Simmons — Fire! Fire!" he called in an agonized voice. Turning about, he met his mother.
"Walter ! Walter ! what have you done ? There's no water in the bucket!" she shrieked. "What shall I do — what shall I do?
12 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
Ah ! thank God, ATr. Simmons, you've got some water — in the parlor there — the lounge !"
With an oath, the man tin-ned the couch over and, care- fully 'dashing the water here and there, put out the blaze. Fortu- nately, only the fringe and some of the stuffing of the couch had taken fire, but in a moment more the whole room would have been ablaze and a serious fire resulted.
"Oh ! Mr. Simmons, I'm so glad !" she exclaimed as she sank limply into a chair. "Walter, how did you do it?"
"I crawled under the lounge to get a domino and kicked the lantern so it caught on the fringe," he answered tearfully. "Oh, mama, I'm so — •"
"D such 'doings, anyway!" the man interrupted angrily.
"This is the second time you've gone and set fire to my place, you scalawag! It's got to stop — Mrs. Nelson, you'll have to get out."
"What! after all the years I've lived here? No — No! Mr. Simmons," she pleaded, "you can't mean it."
"Yes, I do. You know I told you when he built that bon- fire next to the shed that if anything like it ever happened again you'd have to move. I can't have that boy around here any longer," he stormed, as he started down the stairs.
The following week found the mother and boy in a new home, in Bain's row, just a few blocks away from their old home. They now had neighbors below, above, and on either side of them, the line of houses stretching for an entire block wdth but one partition wall between each house, while the front doors were so near alike that oftentimes an inhabitant could only be certain he had found his own doorstep by the fit of his key in the lock. It was a terrible blow to the widow to have been forced to move from the home where she and her hus- band had lived so happily, even though for so short a time, and where the now thoroughly repentant Walter had been reared to boyhood.
As the season of drooping, dying nature came on, her spirits fell, and lines of care and anxiety began to show in her face. Winter would soon be upon them, and there were warmer clothes to buy and coal to store against the mighty blasts that would follow the Hudson out of the north and sweep through the streets of the village.
All too soon the russet, gold, red, and lingering green of the village trees gave way to the downy white of an early winter. The coming of the snow gave Walter an opportunity to earn a few pennies au'd help out with the household expenses. He rose early in the morning in order to shovel the snow from some neighbor's sidewalk and paths, and again, after school, he
OUT OF THE WORLD. 13
marched away with the big snow shovel and his broom Hke a soldier going to repulse winter's bombardment.
The widow's health failed gradually, and she was unable to put in the long hours she once did. As a consecjuence, the family larder grew more and more scanty, and the cjuestion of food and fuel daily became more alarming despite Walter's ef- forts to earn more money.
"Mama, I don't want to go to Sunday school today," com- plained the bov one Sunday morning.
"Why not?"
"I don't know," he answered evasively.
"It's something unusual for you to want to stay away from Sunday school. \\'hat is the matter, child, are you sick?" she asked, throwing her arm about him.
"Xo. mama, I'm not sick; but I heard some of the boys talk- ing about me." he explained, the tears starting in his eyes.
"What did they say?"
"They said my clothes were too shabby to come to Sunday school with, and my pants were long enough — for — a man." he sobbed.
For a moment she looked him over. Yes. for the first time in his life he was somewhat roughly dressed, and his pants were too long. To be sure, they were not originallybought for him. having been given to him by his Uncle Billy ^^elson who had come across them while rummaging among some old clothes he had worn when a boy. Her mouth set firm to keep back the tears as she consoled him.
"Never mind, my boy; don't cry. Those boys have father-^ to look after them, and I don't believe they really mean what they say," she reassured.
"But, will I have to go to Sunday school, mama?"
"Xo, you may stay at home and we'll have a lesson of our own."
One evening the landlord called.
"Good evening, Mrs. X'elson. I hope everything is well with you," he greeted good-humoredly.
"Xo. I'm sorry to say that I haven't been feeling well of 'late and have been out of work part of the time. Will it be all right for me to give you six dollars on the rent tonight?"
The smile on his face quickly faded and in its place appeared the lines of a stern financier.
"You know I always require my full rent. I can't wait more than a fevi^ days for the balance."
"I'll do the best I can, sir. I'm not in the habit of holding back on my rent, but I simply couldn't get it all together to- night.''
14 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
"Alright; send the boy to the office as soon as you get the money," he answered testily as he stalked out the door.
The landlord was doomed to disappointment ; when he called again, he found her ill and in bed — a nervous breakdown the doctor said. Notwithstanding, he required of her a promise to pay the balance of the rent at an early date.
Walter increased his energies toward providing food for himself and mother. As she was unable to eat much, he man- aged, by adding ash-sifting and the general running of errands to his snow-shoveling jobs, to keep them from actual want.
Christmas came, and went, unheeded, though one of the boys did bring Walter a knife from the Sunday school Christ- mas tree — the first tree he had ever missed seeing.
When his mother was able to leave her bed,, she sent word for the collar man to call.
"Sorry, Mrs. Nelson," he said, "but I can only bring you work every other day; it is slack at the shop now."
The new year was but a few weeks old when a knock sounded ominously on the door.
"Mrs. Nelson live here?" asked the man. "Here's a notice for you," he said.
With trembling hands, she read :
"Green Island, N. Y., January 21, 1900.
"To Mrs. Florence Nelson. — Madam: You are hereby noti- fied that the rent for the month December 15 to January 15 for the house and premises located at 115 Elm street, belonging to me, which you now occupy, amounts to $8 and is now due and has been due since January 15. I now demand that you pay the said amount or vacate the premises by February 1. — John Bain."
For a moment she held the paper high in front of her, eyes cast upward as if seeking help from above.
"Mama! What is the matter?" anxiously inquired Walter, becoming alarmed at her attitude.
"Oh ! Walter, we've got to move or he'll set our furniture out in the snow. Oh, Father in heaven, help me!" she cried, throwing' herself on the couch and giving way to bitter tears.
"Mama, have we got to move again ? Mr. Bain wouldn't be ■ so mean as to put us out. God'll fix it so we can stay," he sobbed, as he wrapped his arms about her neck and mingled his tears with hers.
After a while, she arose and staggered to a rocking chair. Her emotion had been so intense that she was bewildered for a moment. She came to herself when Walter asked in a trembling voice :
"Mama, do you think we'll really have to move ?"
OUT OF THE WORLD. 15
She did not answer immediately, but attempted to puzzle out where she might seek help in her distress. Her folks had long since passed away, and her native pride forbade the asking of any assistance from her husband's people, although Billy Nel- son's wife — Walter's Aunt Angeline — had always been solicitous regarding her welfare.
"Yes, Walter, Mr. Bain is a hard man," she answered slowly. "[ haven't a cent toward the rent, and he knows I don't have much work. I wonder where we can go?"
"The downstairs is empty in that big yellow house on Swan Street," Walter suggested.
"Yes, but the rent is as much or more than it is here. I guess we'll have to go over on Railroad Alley," she sighed, shaking her head.
"What ! over there ? No ! mama ; there's a lot of bad people over that way — they're always gettin' drunk and stealin'," pro- tested the lad.
"We can't help it, Walter; we've got to make the best of it. Just because some of those people are bad isn't to say that we need ^be. Mrs. Moss owns some houses over there; guess I'll go right over now and see her."
Throwing a big, black shawl around her head and shoulders, she started out into the early evening. It was bitterly cold. A gale was blowing from the north, bringing with it a driving snow. She could scarcely see a yard in front of her, the snow and wind lashed her face so unpiteously. Fortunately, the bliz- zard was but an hour or so old, and the snow had not reached a great depth, although here and there, particularly at street in- tersections, the widow encountered drifts which taxed her strength to get through. Several times she thought of turning- back, but the specter of an officer of the law coming to set her furniture into the street goaded her onward. At last, nearly ex- hausted, she stumbled through the door of the Moss home and made known her errand.
"I'm sorry. Mrs. Nelson," the landlady replied ; "but all our places are rented. We have got three rooms up over Mrs. Mul- vaney, but we hadn't thought of rentin' them out as they were hardly fit to live in and would cost a sight of money to fix up."
"Just what is the trouble with them?" inquired the widow.
"Why. some of the window-panes are out, and the roof leaks in one room. I guess that's about all, 'cept the stairs are in pretty bad shape. You said you had to get out right away, though, didn't you. Well, if you can't find a place anywhere, you can have the three rooms for two dollars a month. If you can give me the first month's rent in advance, I'll have the window lights put in an' that'll help a bit. Then if you have bad luck and get
16 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
behind with the rent any time, it'll be all right with me. So long- as a body is a mind to do the right thing by me, I'll help them out when they need it."
For nearly two days the wind, furions and roaring, bitterly drove the fine, blinding snow. "Most as bad as '88," was the comment among the older folks. Neither man nor beast could do much in such a storm — it was almost impossible to breathe the blizzard. Roofs groaned under the loads they were carrying. Below, in the streets, was three feet of snow on the level, while here and there huge drifts were piled to a depth of six feet or more.
Anxiously Walter and his mother watched the progress of the storm. Their food supply was rapidly getting low, and it was only with the greatest difficidty that one could get to a store. The storm abated at last, however, and human beings began to move about in the streets, appearing from a distance like huge ant? struggling through mountains and valleys of sugar.
As business was dull at the time, the expressman moved the furniture cheaply. Mrs- Nelson managed to sell a bed, dresser, anfi some chairs which paid the expense of moving and left a few dollars for food. Big tears welled into Walter's eyes as he helped take down the bed which had been sold. Ever since he could re- member, he had slept within its protecting form, and in his dreams — half-awake though some of them were — a loving angel had hovered above him, and always the angel bore the face and form of his mother. But it had to be, and, resolutely wiping the tears from his eyes, he set himself to the task of moving.
IV.
The troubles of the little family multiplied exceedingly in their new home, or rather, place of existence, for the house was certainly almost uninhabitable. True, the landlady had kept her word and fixed the windows ; but the stairs were unsafe, and whenever the snow melted, "drip." "drip," sounded the water on the bedroom floor. And how the wind moaned under the door and through the warped panels thereof! Then, one morning the collar man sent a pang of despair into the widow's heart — the factory had closed down for at least a month !
"Pwhat's the matter. Mrs. Nelson?" inquired the downstairs neighbor as she came in a few minutes later and found the mother and son locked in each other's arms, the former weeping bitterly.
"Oh, Mrs. Mulvaney ; the collar shop's shut down and we'll starve, we'll starve !" she moaned.
"Aw no, Mrs. Nelson; you won't stharve s" long as 1 ^<in make stew ; an' besides, the town'll take care of ye. Look at
OUT OF THE WORLD. 17
me !" she commanded. "Me ould man's out of work half ov the time; yet we git along somehow. Come, drink some of this whisky an' you'll feel better!"
"No, Mrs. Mulvaney; thank you just the same."
"Ye don't mind if I take a drop of the creature, do you? It'll warm me bones. Here — hold the kid for me."
While the visitor was taking her "drop," the widow inter- ested herself in the comfort of the little one and forgot, for a moment, her troubles. Drawing her chair nearer the fire, she unwrapped the shawl from his body and cuddled him close to her bosom. "Poor little thing," she murmured, "oo don't get enough to eat, do you? No — and none of us do." Just a few days before she had noticed the baby angrily beating his little fist on his mother's breast. His mother had peevishly slapped his little hands for it, little knowing that his was an infant's protest at the lack of nourishment that was so often his lot. Her thoughts were rudely interrupted by Mrs. Mulvaney exclaiming :
"My, but ut's cowld in here ! What air ye burnin' ?"
"It's coal mixed with some cinders that I've got in the stove. My coal's most gone, and I don't know what I'll do for more."
^'Why, ye kin have Walter go on the thracks and pick it up the same as my Pat ; he'll show 'im how."
"Oh ! but won't he be killed ?" shuddered the widow.
"Pshaw ! mama, I can take care of myself," interposed Wal- ter, who had quite recovered from crying. "Pat's told me all about it, and says he'll help me if I get too big a load. Say I can go, mama," he urged.
She hesitated. Was it possible that she had sunk so low as to compel her boy to go out on the railroad tracks and gather coal? But what could she do? Mrs. Mulvaney had hinted that the town would take care of them, but that was unthinkable — she would wear out her hands doing washings before she would permit that ! Reluctantly she gave her consent, to Walter's de- light.
"Where's a burlap bag?" he demanded excitedly. "Pat'll soon be comin' from school an' I'll get ready for him."
Just then Pat came upstairs, looking for his mother; and when the situation was explained to him, he was pleased with the idea of having Walter for a companion while gathering coal.
"Now, Walter, do be careful," pleaded his mother, tears starting in her eyes. "Promise me you'll come right home if yon get cold."
"Aw, don't worry about him, Mrs. Nelson," proclaimed Pat. "I'll watch out for him."
It was a clear, cold February day. The snow had been packed pretty solid in most places and did not offer much of an ob-
18 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
stacle to the boys. It crunched so sharply under their feet, liow- ever, that Pat remarked, " 'skeeters er' about !"
"Now, Walt, you keep right with me," instructed Pat, "and ye won't get into trouble ; I know how it's done."
How cold it was out on the main line ! A passenger train had stopped at the watering tank, and it seemed to Walter that the water almost froze as it fell from the tank to the tender of the locomotive. The engine interested him most — he had always wanted to get close up to one. She had three big "drivers," Pat called them, on each side, though they could scarcely see the forward one on their side of the engine, nor the cylinder and cow-catcher, because of escaping steam. However, Walter was fully satisfied with the experience when Pat solemnly assured him "she kin beat '999' all holler !" the latter being proverbial among the boys as the "fastest engine goin' !"
At length, the train started, the rails giving forth a frosty, protesting shriek as the wheels slowly revolved, sending chills down the backs of the boys and causing Walter to put aside the fascination of the thing and get down to work. Along the tracks they walked, stopping now and then to pick up the chunks of coal from the ice-bound ties.
"Gosh! but this is slow work, ain't it?" said Pat in disguest. "And there ain't an 'empty' in sight. I know what we'll do : we'll get some coal from this here car," he announced in a low tone. "I'll sling it down and you put it in our bags," he instructed, glancing cautiously around.
"But that would be stealin' " objected Walter.
"Aw, go on ! The detective ain't 'round here this afternoon. You ain't afraid, be ye ?" scoffed Pat.
"No ; but my mother learned me not to steal ; and besides, I don't wanna get pulled in."
"Come on," persuaded Pat. "You jes stand here between the cars and I'll pitch it down to ye! If anybody comes, we'll 'beat it,' that's all."
The arrangement worked nicely for a while; but Pat didn't notice the man sneaking up between the cars until he heard a cry from Walter, who, the next moment, was struggling in the hands of the yard detective. Pat bounded to the ground, and fled precipitately from the scene.
"Look here, kid; what're you doing?" demanded the officer, shaking Walter roughly by the coat collar.
"Nothin'," was the frightened response.
"It looks like it, I'll swan! with your bags half full of coal from that car. Who was that kid throwing it down to you?"
"That was Pat," answered Walter in an uncertain voice.
"Pat who?"
OUT OF THE WORLD, 19
•'Oh, mister, 1 don't want to tell on him. If you'll let me go this time I'll never steal any more," pleaded Walter.
"Can't your folks buy enough coal without sending a kid like you out here where you're liable to get run over?" interro- gated the officer,
"No, sir; my father is dead, and we haven't a scuttle of coal in the house. Mister, please let me take this home to my mother," he begged.
"Well, if I did my duty I'd take you down to the station, but bein' as this is the first time I've caught you stealing, I'll let you go — but mind, I warn you not to let me ketch you taking things that don't belong to you around here again 1"
"I'll never steal no more," promised Walter, as he slung one of the bags on his shoulder and staggered homeward.
How heavy the bag was! Bravely he bore up under the weight, his breath coming in gasps as the folds of the bag cut into the tender muscles of his shoulders. How he wished Pat were there to help him ! How cold it was ! A wind had come up, and it seemed that the icy blasts reached clear to the bone. Occasionally, he unslung the bag from his back in order to blow on his numbed fingers and to give his aching body a moment's rest. He was overjoyed, as he neared home, to see his mother hurrying toward him. ^
"Oh, Walter, Pat said you had been arrested! she ex- claimed anxiously. . , , • ,
"I was, but he let me go. Help me with this bag, wont
you, mama — it's so heavy?" , i • i-.
"You poor child ! It's a shame for you to have to do this !
Reaching home, Walter was soon warmed, and his appe- tite was satisfied by a tempting dish of stew. The coal he had had so unfortunate a time in gathering, and which he had so la- boriously carried home, came none too soon, for his mother had just put the last shovelful of the mixed coal and cinders on the fire when Pat came with the alarming news.
Just before going to bed that night his mother informed :
"The truant officer was here after you this afternoon, Wal- ter.'
"What did he say, mama?' he inquired anxiously.
"He wanted to know why you didn't come to school, and I told him that you had no clothes that were fit to wear and that T needed your help at home,"
V.
The weeks passed. The widow attempted to secure work in several places, but met with discouragement in every
20 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
case. In the end, she was obliged to call on the town for support — "The last thing we can do before going to the poor- house," she told Walter. Walter did what he could to help out, but as the winter was an open one, he had not been able to earn much shoveling snow. There was a rift in the clouds when the minister called and, finding conditions so bad, went down into his pocket and extracted from his meager earnings enough to buy a quarter-ton of coal. Mrs. Nelson had never thought of it before, but she now wondered why the church did not have a system for relieving the wants of the poor. Inter- ested the church was, it seemed, in the spiritual welfare of the human race, but serenely indifferent to the physical well-being of the people. It was common talk among the congregation that several of the vestrymen were well-to-do — at least she had no- ticed that their contribution envelopes each Sunday were more bulky than the average. She had done her part in happier days ; and yet, until the day the minister called, not one of St. Paul's had been to see her.
One evening a sharp knock sounded on the door. "Come in," called Mrs. Nelson.
To her surprise, in walked Aunt Angeline. "My sakes ! Florence, is this where you are living?" she greeted disgustedly. "This is a fine place, I must say."
"It's all I can afford, Aunt Angeline. You may be sure I wouldn't live under such conditions if I could help it; I never was brought up to live like this, and it's pretty hard, I can tell you. There, Walter's got a chair for you, won't you sit down?"
"Well, Florence, you ought to have let us know you were having such a hard time ; perhaps we could have helped you." The widow's lips set somewhat firmly at this latter suggestion, and she said nothing in reply.
For several hours the two women talked. Finally, Aunt Angeline arose to go. "Yes," she was saying, "I think that's the best way out of it — let Walter come to live with us and you go out in the country to Mrs. Smith's. The work is light there, and it will give you a chance to regain your strength." (to be continued)
THE RELIEF SOCIETY TEACHER
With tenderest touch the sick thou must cheer ;
On the sad, pour a balm divine ; The lonely, the aged, the worthy poor.
Are now sacred charges of thine.
The International Council of Women.
The Seventh Quinquennial Session of the International Council of Women, which Council was organized in 1888, was held in Christiania, September 8 to 18, 1920. It marked an epoch not only in the affairs of the Council itself, but in the world at large, for few people realize the weight of public opinion which has focussed upon the League of Nations idea, and which was originated by a group of public spirited women, meeting in Wash- ington in 1888, and thereafter every five years.
It is true, Utopian ideas concerning an ideal condition of hu- man society have been entertained by mankind from the days of Adam, Noah, Moses, Abraham and Solomon, while our wor- shipped Savior himself gave hope of such a united condition in the Millennium. Nor have the Pagan nations been left without their dreams of universal brotherhood. Plato's Republic contem- plated such a united brotherhood, and Sir Thomas Moore fol- lowed in his footsteps, while Bulwer Lyton's dream and Belamy's Looking Backward, all held out hopes of universal amity and equality amongst men. These were dreams, but occasional ef- forts were put forth by individuals or even communities who at- tempted unsuccessfully to make this thought practical. Politicians tried it in various war treaties. The women of the United States, however, led out, in 1888, with a practical scheme for uniting women everywhere upon one common sex basis.
National groups or Councils were composed of various na- tional bodies of women, engaged in some form of public polity, v/hether on social, religious, philanthropic or civil lines, and each five years the millions of women bound thus loosely together in national and international groups, met, through their delegates, and actually put into practice some of their splendid ideals. Wit- ness for instance the gift of equal suffrage which has come to practically all the women in civilized nations, in the last decade.
The Council idea was born in the fertile brain and mighty soul of Mrs. May Wright Sewell, in the year previous to the first suffrage convention in Washington. Her close friend, at that period, and her assisting genius, Mrs. Rachel Foster Avery, ac- companied Mrs. Sewell to present this glorious "idea" to Miss Susan B. Anthony, who was and will remain the greatest leader and organizer of the women's hosts, outside of this Church and kingdom, in modern times.
22 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
Miss Anthony and her assisting generals had called' an Inter- national Suffrage Congress to meet at Washington, in February, 1888.
Seizing upon her beloved "girl's" council idea, she bade them bring the matter to a successful issue, which they did. Mrs. Sewell traveled and spoke to groups of women newly forming in Eu- rope and America. Mrs. Avery, then Miss Rachel Foster, sent hundreds, nay thousands, of letters out into every Christian coun- try. The eloquence and brilliant executive powers of Mrs. Sewell were paralleled by the sweet graciousness of Miss Foster's cor- respondence, and both were indefatigable in developing the "coun- cil idea."
Miss Anthony and Mrs. Elizabeth Cady Stanton gave largess of encouragement and stimulating creative criticism, from out their own wide experience and full vision.
The first suffrage convention, Feb., 1888, was memorable in- deed. A Constitution for a National and International Council of women was put forth and approved, representatives were present from Europe and all parts of America. The following officers were elected for the National Council of Women of the United States :
President — Frances E. Willard, Illinois.
Vice-President at Large — Susan B. Anthony, New York.
Corresponding Secretary — May Wright Sewell, Indiana.
Recording Secretary — Mary F. Eastman, Massachusetts.
Treasurer — M. Louis Thomas, New York.
OFFICERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL:
President — Milicent Garrett Fawcett, England.
Vice-President at Large — Clara Barton, United States.
Corresponding Secretary — Rachel G. Foster, United States.
Recording Secretary — Kirstine Frederiksen, Denmark.
Treasurer — Isabelle Bogelot, France.
The charter members of this historic National Council of the U. S. A. were:
The National Woman Suffrage Association.
The National Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
The Woman's Centenary Association of the Universalists Church.
Woman's National Press Association.
Wimodaughsis (a National club).
The National Women's Relief Society.
The Young Ladies' National Mutual Improvement Associa- tion.
The Illinois Industrial Reform School for Girls.
THE IKTERXATIOXAL COUXCIL OF IVOMEX. 23
The National Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society.
Sorosis, (the club representing, by invitation of the Council, the club movement, "until the General Federation of Women's clubs could be formed and affiliated").
In response to an invitation which had been issued to all known national organizations, not members of the council, 37 other societies sent fraternal delegates to this meeting.
The International Council of Women was represented by its American officers.
The general policy, of the International Council is indicated in the preamble and in Article II :
PREAMBLE.
''We. women of all nations, sincerely believing that the best good of humanity will be advanced by greater unity of thought, sympathy and pur- pose, and that an organized movement of women will best conserve the highest good of the family and the state, do hereby band ourselves together in a confederation of workers commmitted to the overthrow of all forms of ignorance and injustice, and to the application of the golden rule to society, custom and law.
ARTICLE II GENERAL POLICY.
'"This International Council is organized in the interest of no one prop- aganda, and has no power over its auxiliaries beyond that of suggestion and sympathy; therefore, no National Council voting to become auxiliary to the International Council shall thereby render itself liable to be inter- fered with in respect to its complete organic unity, independence or method of work, or shall be committed to any principle or method of any other council, or to any utterance or act of this International Council, beyond, compliance with the terms of this constitution."
From the first, the "Mormon" women, representing the twa old established "Mormon" women's organizations were treated with the greatest consideration and justice. The two "Mormon" women present in Washington at that charter organization were Mrs. Emily S. Richards and Mrs. Janette Y. Easton.
Especially noble in her attitude to our women was Miss An- thony and none the less broad minded and sympathetic were Mrs. Sewell and Mrs. Rachel F. Avery.
Quinquennial council meetings with congresses attached to them have been held since that organization as follows :
London, in 1899; Berlin, in 1904; Canada, in 1909; Rome, in 1914; Christiania, in 1920.
•The Council held at the World's Fair in Chicago was partic- ularly brilliant and most effective.
There were one hundred twenty-six formal organizations of women present at this Congress :
24 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
The London Congress was .perhaps as brilliant, if not as widely attended ; the Berlin Congress was equally stupendous in conception and execution.
The Canadian Congress was both delightful and educational, while the Congress held in Rome, 1914, just before the war broke out, was without parallel in the history of the women's movement. Singularly enough peace was featured as the triumphant note of that gathering on the hills of Rome. At this famous Congress Mrs. Clarissa Smith Williams was a U. S. delegate, Susa Young Gates was an alternate, Mrs. A. W. McCune was present as patron.
The Congress recently closed in Christiania is the most unique one of all, for there were gathered there a group of women from nearly all of the organized national councils in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and France, while greetings were sent from the German and Austrian councils.
An intimate and most interesting account of this gathering was furnished by Mrs. Ida Smoot Dusenberry, from which the following- items have been gleaned :
"The council meetings opened Sept. 18, with a welcome af- ternoon tea at the Bristol hotel. This was a very successful af- fair, we were introduced to people from all over the world.
"The new Aula hall was opened for the opening session at v/hich the usual program of greetings and responses were given.
"Lady Aberdeen was, as usual, very gracious, her appearance caused quite a demonstration, and when she finished her simple, short, but most impressive little talk, she was presented with a wonderful bunch of roses.
"During Thursday and Friday we visited International Standing Committee meetings, where education, economic and moral standards were discussed.
"Saturday, Sept. 11, 9:30 a. m. marked the opening public meeting of the International Council ; it was held in the Storthing building, and seats were assigned the different national delega- tions. The Americans were seated on the front row, facing the platform.
"I consider the opening meeting one of the most important, and certainly the most interesting. As Lady Aberdeen knew that her term of office was drawing to a close, she spoke very feelingly of her associations with the women who had been leaders in the Council. Then she asked us to pause with reverential silence for a time, in memory of the departed dead. Then she called the roll of those who had been called beyond, since the meeting in Rome.
"Of course we were particularly interested in our own Amer-
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN. 25
ican women, whose work received unlimited praise from Lady Aberdeen. She said they were the original promoters and were women whose names will ever live in International prominence.
"Those receiving- particular mention were Susan B. Anthony, Mary Wright Sewell, Anna Howard Shaw and Rachel Foster Avery ; at this point a message to the Council sent by Mrs. Sewell a few hours before her death, was read.
"In closing her talk Lady Aberdeen said, 'Mothering power is what the world must have to bring it back to faith and love. In the Council there is room for all. We need a League of Na- tions that will teach us patience, tact and sympathy.' She closed by saying, 'And may our heavenly Father accept the dedication of ourselves to his Spirit.'
"A telegram from Dr. Alice Solomon, of Germany, 3rd Vice- President was read explaining her absence, which in part read, 'My absence is not due to lack of appreciation, nor an unbelief in the mission of the Council. My heart yearns to co-operate with you, but as yet my conscience tells me this is not possible. Until' there is a feeling of equal adjustment, and we can co- operate in the League of Nations the German women must with- draw. As Germany is not as yet recognized and welcomed on an equal footing, she can never expect equal cooperation. For this reason I decline any further consideration of renomination.' Con- tinuing she said, 'The war enabled me to love and sympathize with all who were suffering, so I believe, with ever stronger faith, in spite of the present strife and un justice love will triumph.'
"Lady Aberdeen expressed a desire that the women of the International Council cooperate to see that Germany shall receive recognition in the League of Nations."
"Mrs. Gordon, of Great Britain, presented a resolution to the effect that a telegram be sent Dr. Solomon conveying greetings and expressing regret at the present situation, but at the same time hoping that this obstacle would soon be overcome and the German delegation back, participating with the Council again. This resolution was seconded by France.
"As we had just visited the battle fields, the thought came to my mind, 'It takes so short a time to forget.'
"Cables were read from Mrs. Kate Waller Barrett and Lucy Anthony.
"Saturday the ministers of foreign affairs gave a very elab- orate reception and banquet for the delegates.
"Sunday, Sept. 12. — We were permitted to visit the art gal- lery of Vigeland, a famous Norwegian sculptor.
"During the afternoon the municipality of Christiania gave a dinner party at Frognerssetern, a wonderfully beautiful summer resort in the mountains.
26 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
"There were 1,500 persons present. No words could de- scribe the kind and quantity of food served. Champaign flowed in gallons, cigarettes were passed, and by far a majority of those present smoked. In fact, as far as I could determine. Lady Aber- deen and the American delegation were the only ones refusing.
"On Thursday morning Lady Aberdeen entertained in honor of the American delegates. During Mrs. Moores' speech she apologized for so large an American delegation, expressing her surprise at the reported unwelcome attitude of the Norwegian ladies, but said the American women were so fond of Lady Aber- deen that it was her attraction that had prompted so many to make the journey.
"The Norwegian N. C. president made some explanation of the reported criticism, referring to the crowded condition of the city, etc., but acknowledged that the criticism had been made.
"Our afternoon with the King and Queen of Norway was one of the most pleasant memories of the convention. The in- formality for such an occasion was most pleasing.
"On Thursday afternoon, the Finland ladies entertained at the Grand hotel for the American delegation, and this was cer- tainly a bright spot in the week's pleasures. I never heard such wonderful expressions of gratitude. The president told us that when word reached them that the first car loads of American food had arrived, women fell on their knees in the street thank- ing God for Hoover and America. For weeks children from star- vation had cried themselves to death, and mothers, in their pite- ously weakened state, could do nothing for them but pray that God would relieve them of their suffering. Their hearts were so full of gratitude at the death of a child, and mothers were heard to say, 'Wasn't God good for putting my baby to rest !'
"One of the ladies said that on teaching their children to talk, almost reverently the first words learned were America and Hoover.
"After weeks of adverse American criticism you may have some idea of our appreciation for these expressions of gratitude.
"I was unable to attend the closing dinner party on account of the illness of Sister Smith. At 2 a. m. Margaret and myself went two miles to get Brother August S. Schow to come and ad- minister to her.
"She, however, was much better the following morning, and left with the party on the 7 :30 train.
"She went through the Fjords by a short route, and sailed from Bergen to New Castle. We went on with the party, sailed to Antwerp, then to Holland and into England. At the close of the Council, we visited London, went to Liverpool and were guests of President and Sister George Albert Smith over night.
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN. 27
President Smith and wife are doing a wonderful work in the British mission, the feehng of opposition is intense, yet with Brother Smith's wonderful personality he has succeeded in im- pressing the big men, and has won people we have never before been able to reach.
"The voyage home was rough, but with the company of Latter-day Saints on board we managed to spend some very pleas- ant hours.
"May the Lord continue to bless you all ; for, more than ever before, I realize your separate virtues and efficiency. Never in my life has my faith been stronger or my love greater for the work of the Relief Society and the Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- ter-day Saints. For your friendship and faith in me I thank you." — Ida Smoot Dusenberry.
Our Utah ladies were: Mrs. Ida Smoot Dusenberry, repre- senting the National Woman's Relief Society, was an official rep- resentative being one of the ten United States delegates. She was accompanied by her daughter, Margaret. Mrs. Lucy Woodruff Smith represented the Y. L. M. I. A. She went there from Liver- pool and was attended by her daughter Edith.
Mrs. Anna McKay was in attendance also, going there from London with Mrs. Smith and daughter.
AS TO THE PROGRAM :
September 8, 1920, the International Council itself held ex- ecutive and committee meetings. During these business sessions, the following topics were discussed, and the following resolu- tions were approved : President's quinquennial report. Report of the committee appointed to select from authentic documents the data essential to a correct historical knowledge of the founding of the I. C. W., Treasurer's report. Quinquennial reports from National Councils and of standing committees. Propaganda week for I. C. W., Establishment of an official organ by the I. C. W.
"It was resolved that the International Council of Women strongly endorse the principle of the rights of all nations and a League of Nations, to prevent further strife and secure the well- being of the world." Importance of appointment of women as members of the Assembly and of the Commissions of the League of Nations, as well as to the position of advisers and consultants was considered ; Resolutions referring to education were passed ; International interchange of public school teachers. Training in citizenship and instruction of girls in the laws of their country. Better cinema films, Resolutions specially affecting children were considered: International movement for child welfare. Rights of children born out of wedlock. Laws of nationality : Recom- mendation to national councils to promote legislation on above
28 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
subject in their respective countries. Recommendation of na- tional councils for study of legislation bearing on marriage with aliens, with a view to proposals for international agreements to be drawn up for submission to League of Nations and govern- ments. Resolutions regarding public health: International bu- reau of public health, Closer relationship between departments of public health, Medical examination for emigrants, Recommen- dation to national councils to promote the provision of healthful and convenient housing as an essential for public health.
The following is peculiar: "That in view of the great ben- efits that have accrued to the United States of America, and to Canada, from the experience of local option in these countries, the International Council considers that in every country where the sale of liquor is carried on, a similar power should be granted to its citizens." Why local option ?
Further were considered the study of the question of the endowment of motherhood. Endowment of mothers in necessitous circumstances, Women in Juvenile courts. Women _on public com- mittees, Economic position of the wife. Resolutions regarding questions of morality, and The equal moral standard. Campaign against traffic in women, Abolition of state regulation of pros- titution. Study of best means of combating the spread of venereal diseases. State regulation of vice in mandatory territories. Segre- gation of persons proved incapable of sex control, Deprecation of recent exaggerations in dress and dancing.
The following is significant : "That the I. C. W. deprecates the exaggeration in dress and dancing, which has recently arisen in many countries."
A preamWe to a recommendation for a return to a sim.pler mode of life, reads : "Whereas, it is within the power, and it is also the duty of women to co-operate in the economic reconstruc- tion of their respective countries, the I. C. W. recommend all af- filiated National Councils to use their influence to bring about a return to a simpler mode of life, and to combat, in the home as well as in society, luxurious habits which lead to extravagance and display in dress and amusements, and which,, in the opinion of the I. C. W., contributes largely to arouse class animosity and discontent, which are amongst the worst evils of our day."
An interesting discussion followed the introduction of this resolution. The Belgium women objected strongly to any em- bargo being placed upon lace making, which might already be in- cluded in the luxury clause. The Irish, Swiss and Belgian women find their means of livelihood in lace making and embroidering and the representatives vigorously protested against this resolu- tion, but the majority of the delegates favored the resolution.
The new officers for the Quinquennial period are as follows :
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN. 29
Madame Chaponier-Chaix, president ; The Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair, Hon, president; Mrs. Ogilvie Gordon., D. Sc, Ph. D., F. L. S., J. P., Madame Avril de Sainte-Crois, Froken Henni Forchhammer, Dr. Phil Alice Salomon, Mrs. Henry Dobson, and Mrs. Philip North Moore, as vice-presidents ; Fru Anna Backer, corresponding secretary; Madame Isidora Sekulitch, vice-corresponding secretary ; Miss Elsie Zimmern, recording secretary ; Miss L. van Eeghen, recording secretary ; Mrs. W. E. Sandford, treasurer; Mademoiselle Helene D. An- tonopoulo, vice-treasurer.
Madame Chaponier-Chaix, who is practically unknown in America, is nevertheless a woman of great executive ability and tender, if restrained, sympathies. She is very conservative, in- dependent, yet ever of quiet enthusiasm for the aims of the Coun- cil, and she will make a very safe and sane executive for the troublous period which awaits the world and the Council itself. She was "President of the National Council of Women of Switz- erland, 1904-1916, and again 1916-1920, and a member of the Executive, since 1899, when she assisted to found the Council. Previous to that date Mme. Chaponier had served for more than 13 years as a member of the Institution of Protestant Dea- conesses at Paris, and in that capacity had principally devoted herself to educational and philanthropic work. After returning to Geneva, Mme. Chaponier acted for many years as one of the directors of the Union of Women of Geneva, of which body she has also been President. She has also interested herself^ in pro- viding restaurants for women and workshops for women's work. For the last few years Mme. Chaponier has entirely devoted herself to the work of the National Council of Women of Switzer- land. She has been delegate to most of the Quinquennial meet- ings of the I. C. W., and has often been good enough to under- take the arduous work of interpretation on those occasions."
The second vice-president, Froken Henni Forchhammer, is a marvelous linguist and a cultured representative of the advanced Danish women. She was one of the Danish delegates to the League of Nations just held in Geneva, and was the only woman who addressed the League.
Mrs. Ogilvie Gordon and Mrs. Henry Dobson are both well known English publicists.
Mrs. Philip North Moore is our own charming and gracious American representative.
The treasurer, Mrs. W. E. Sandford, is a splendid repre- sentative of the intelligent freedom-loving, yet conservative women of Canada.
Lady Aberdeen is the most famous, and best beloved of all public women, known nationally, and internationally.
30 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
On Dec. 2 and 3, our Mrs. Dusenberry, accompanied by Mrs. Ruth May Fox and Mrs, Alice D. Moyle, who represents the Y. L. M. I. A., attended the executive meeting of the U. S. Council of Women held in Washington, D. C. Mrs. Dusenberry sends a full and in- teresting account of this business session of the Council. She herself went down from New York where she is spending the winter doing professional research work.
The Council was not well attended but Mrs. Ida S. some of the officers present arose from sick
er y. heds to attend meetings, as colds are very
prevalent. Reports of the International Council held in Christi- ania were given by the President, Mrs. Philip North Moore, and much discussion was held on the following points : The propa- ganda for a suitable League of Nations : a Memorial for Mrs. May Wright Sewell: the Woman's Memorial Building to be erected in Washington, for which Congress has donated the land, and which will be built when $700,000 has been collected. Five hundred thousand has already been subscribed for that purpose : the coming Suffrage Celebration in Washington ; the future of the Council itself, to which discussion Mrs. Dusenberry con- tributed some very wise suggestions ; finally, the place where the next U. S. Council Congress is to be held, brought out Mrs. Fox's urgent invitation, seconded by the Governors of several Western states to hold the Congress in this city. Chicago came forv/ard as did several other cities with equally pressing invitations, and the matter was left for future action.
Our old friends, Miss Lucy Anthony and Mrs. Anna Garlin Spencer were present and sent greetings to Pres. Emmeline B. Wells and old friends in Utah. Thus closed another historic gathering.
"THE BOYS OF SPRINGTOWN"
It is delightful to know that the boys of the Church have a book published for their own special delight by a home author. Nephi Anderson is one of our best and most popular fiction writers. He has written many delightful books, but none of them will fill a greater need than the recent one which is called The Boys of Springtown. Full of quiet charm and real joy and atmos- phere, the book is a safe one to place in the hands of every boy in this Church. Our locally famous author has enriched our home library with this latest publication.
Group of Delegates to the International Executive Meetnig, held in Copenhagen, 1902. Mme. Chaponier-Chaix, the new I. C. of W. Pres. is ?eated on couch on extreme left, next to Mrs. Susa Young Gates. Stand- ing between them is Froken Henri Forchammer of Denmark, the new Vice-Pres. of the I. C. W.
World Happenings
James H. Anderson. Armenians defeated the Turks in some big- battles in October.
Farmers in Kansas are holding their 1920 wheat crop for $3 per bushel.
Hungary ordered 15,000 Jews out of that country in October, this year.
Korea is insisting on independence from Japan, and a revolu- tion there is probable.
Factories in the United States laid off more than 100,000 employes in October, presaging a winter of idleness for many.
France is reported as having bounteous crops in 1920, with little need of foodstuffs from America.
Prohibition was adopted in the four western provinces of Canada at an election in October.
Harley Mozvrey, Sr., last survivor of the Mormon Battalion, died at Vernal^ Utah, on October 21.
In China, in the province of Chi Li, in October, four hun- dred persons were killed by a mine explosion.
The Lutheran conference at Washington, D. C, on October 20, voted to give women equal rights in the Lutheran church.
Ireland continued in violent turmoil all during October, with much loss of life and property.
The Cleveland, O., baseball team won the 1920 world's championship in baseball, over the Brooklyn team, on October 12.
Great Britain, in October, renounced its confiscation of Ger- man property in Britain, thereby causing irritation in France, which favors confiscation.
Jews being admitted to Palestine are reduced to the number of 1,200 per month, until the workers' army of 30,000 can com- plete housing accommodations.
Russia and Poland agreed in October to conclude a treaty
WORLD HAPPENINGS. 33
of peace. Internal troubles in Russia contributed to the latter's willingness to stop fighting.
Coal miners to the number of 2,000,000 struck in Great Brit- ain on October 16, and remained out to the end of the month, when a settlement was in prospect.
Mexico had some small rebellions in October, but generally the situation was more peaceful than for years past.
Poland and Lithuania were still at war at the end of Octo- ber. .
Striking coal miners in Colorado and in West Virginia went out in October, and troops were called on to preserve order.
22^0 Haitiens were killed in the last few months by' U. 5. marines in Hayti, and government is investigating the reasons for the slaughter.
London, England, and Cape Colony. South Africa, in the British Empire, were scenes of fatal riots and calling out of armed forces in October.
The October, 1920, Church conference in Salt Lake City was notable for its large attendance and the forceful character of its Gospel teachings.
Chaulmoogra oil, a Hawaiian product used for the arrest of leprosy, is claimed, by a discovery in October, to be also a specific for tuberculosis.
Constantinople, under the control of the Western Allies, since Turkey was defeated, is officially reported, in October, to have become a modern Gomorrah.
Horace G. Whitney, one of Salt Lake City's prominent and popular citizens, and grandson of Bishop Newel K. Whitney of early "IMormon"' Church history, died suddenly on October 25.
Elder David O. McKay, of the council of the Twelve, and Elder H. J. Cannon, president of the Liberty stake, have started to make a tour of the Church's missions in all the world.
The State Department at \\'ashington, D. C, made prepara- tions in October to ask congress for an available army of 2,000,- 000 men. The program seems ominous.
34 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
Serbia, by official report made in October, is stated to have committed worse outrages in Montenegro than the Germans were accused of in Belgium.
Sylvia Pankhurst, daughter of Britain's noted suffragist, was sentenced on October 23, to six months in a London, England, prison, for distributing seditious literature.
A concrete ship, in collision off the coast of Rhode Island on October 29, sank with most of the crew, going down quicker than a steel vessel would have done.
Prince Carol of Rumania refuses to abandon his wife, who is not of royal birth, but was Mile. Zizi Larnbrine, and in October she refused to leave him, although offered $5,000,000 to do so.
Mrs. Elizabeth C. McCune, the well known Relief Society worker, and her husband gave the McCune mansion, at the head of Main street. Salt Lake City, to the Church in October .
Austria wants to unite with Germany as one nation, most of the inhabitants being German, but as the Versailles treaty for- bids it, France seriously objects to the union, which may come later.
i^Qi delegates to the Third International, a socialist organ- ization, at Baku, Asia, on October 17, took oath on a naked sword to destroy "capitalism," which means the present world Sfovernments.
Terence McSzviney lord mayor of Cork, Ireland, suceeeded in starving himself to death on October 25, the 74th day of his hunger strike, in a London prison, where he was confined for his connection with Irish troubles.
Vicountess Rhondda, a. British peeress known for her beauty and her unusual business capability, applied in October to King George, for admission as a member of the British House of Lords, now that women have been enfranchised in Great Brit- ain.
Notable men who visited Utah in October included former President Taft, former Food Administrator [Hoover, former Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo, fomer Senator Bev- eridge. Senators Lenroot and Kenyon, and former Congressman and noted author Adam Bede. The occasion was the highly im- portant position of Utah in the councils of the national govern- ment.
Notes from the Field.
Amy Brown Lyman
Reports. Notice, Secretaries.
Immediately upon closing of Relief Society books in De- cember, ward secretaries should compile their reports. If the work of each month has been kept up to date, this will require very little additional effort. These reports should be in the hands of the stake secretary at the earliest possible moment ni January, in order that the compiled stake reports may reach the General Office not later than January 20. Attention to this matter will be greatly appreciated.
Stake Conferences.
The General Board is very pleased to report that Relief Society stake conferences and conventions have been held m all of the stakes of the Church, with the exception of Juarez, during the year of 1920. At each of these conferences and conven- tions General Board representatives were in attendance. These visitors brought back very encouraging reports of the work that is being accomplished by our great organization. Special men- tion has been made of the devotion and untiring efforts of Re- lief Society stake and ward officers, and of the loyal support of the members. The lesson work has improved very greatly during the last few years, and has attained a standard which compares favorably with the class work of other auxiliary or- ganizations Many excursions to the temples have been made wherever it has been possible, and hundreds of dollars have been collected by the far-away stakes and sent to the temples in the interest of temple service. The welfare work has received the closest attention, the great effort being to relieve distress and suffering, to remove handicaps, and to open up opportunities for those who have been unable to do this for themselves. The stake and ward officers and members are to be congratulated and commended for their services and devotion to the Reltet Society cause.
Leadership Institutes.
Following the general institute in Provo, and responding to a call made by the General Authorities of the Church stake leadership institutes have been held in many of the stakes _ot Zion under the direction and supervision of the stake presidencies and the priesthood. The class work in most instances was con-
36 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
ducted by the stake delegates who attended the general insti- tute held at the Brigham Young- University. In these insti- tutes there were three departments: teacher-training, social and recreational leadership, and charities and relief work. Funda- mental courses were given to the joint groups in sociology, psychology, and in addition to the regular courses in the three departments, lectures were given on many subjects related to the work. These lectures were given by men and women from the various high schools, by state officials, doctors, and juvenile court judges, and probation officers.
The courses in charity and relief work have been especially v/ell attended. In almost every institute, all of the wards have been represented by a special delegate, and in most cases, by the president of the Relief Society, in addition. The Relief So- ciety stake presidencies and many of the stake board member.^ also attended regularly. Splendid, comlprehdnsive 'reports in detail have been received in the office, containing copies of the stake programs, with other information concerning the work as carried on.
In several instances, county commissioners attended the re- lief department. In one instance, a county official expressed his great appreciation for the course and stated that his department would be on hand to cooperate with the Relief Society, and to plan with them for the families in the district. He was very grateful indeed that the Relief Society was so forward looking as to train leaders in the problems of human welfare, with the idea of gaining a better understanding of conditions as they exist, and a knowledge of how such conditions might be im- proved.
In Salt Lake City was held a conjoint convention of the seven Salt Lake county stakes. Chapel services were held in the Barratt Hall each evening which was crowded to its capacity, after which the departments separated for special wo.rk. The department of charities and relief met in the Auditorium, fourth floor, Bishop's building. The attendance in this department varied from 350 to 450 at every session. Aside from the regular dele- gates and ward presidents, all of the Relief Society stake presi- dents, with their boards, were in attendance. Many other prom- inent stake and ward workers joined the group.
Reorganizations.
North Sanpete Stake. The North Sanpete stake was re- organized on Saturday, October 23. Mrs. Wilhelmina Erickson, who has served faithfully for a number of years as president of the stake, and her two counselors, were honorably released. The newly installed officers are Elizabeth L. Christensen, presi- dent, Margaret L. Peel, first counselor, and Mina H. Sorensen,
NOTES FROM THE FIELD. 37
second counselor, with Tillie B. Johansen, secretary. Appre- ciation was expressed for the splendid work of the retiring of- ficers who have spared no pains to keep their organization up to the highest possible standard. The best wishes of the General Board go to the retiring officers who, it is felt sure, will be willing to continue their services in the Relief Society cause.
Carbon Stake. On Septei;nber 26, 1920, the Carbon stake Relief Society was reorganized. Mrs. Pauline A, Pace and her counselors were honorably released with a vote of thanks for their past labors. The new officers appointed were as follows : Mrs. Isabel Bryner, president ; Zine Johnson, first counselor ; Lois Stoker, second counselor ; Florence Butterworth, secretary ; Maria A. Mathis, treasurer; Ada L. Shimmin, chorister; Brig- hamina Downard and Mary Ann Young, board members. The General Board takes this opportunity of expressing appreciation for the services of the retiring officers in this stake and of ex- pressing hearty good wishes to those who have been newly ap- pointed to take up the work in this locality.
In Memoriam.
Ogden Stake. It is with keen sorrow that we record the death of Mrs. Isabel B. Foulger, president of the Relief Society of the Ogden stake, on October 26. Her death was doubly sad because of the fact that it was accidental. She had left her home only a few moments before to go to the home of one of her counselors to consult with her regarding Relief Society problems, when she was accidentally run down by a street car and instantly killed. There is some comfort in the thought that Mrs. Foulger probably suffered very little, as she was promised in her patriarchal blessing that she would not taste the sting of death.
Mrs. Foulger had served in the capacity of stake president since 1913, and her efficient and faithful service stands out as a great monument to her name. Previous to this she served as a counselor in the stake for five years. While devoted to all the traditions and the ideals of the Relief Society, Mrs. Foulger was a progressive officer, anxious that each year's work should be an improvement over the previous year. She strove con- stantly to broaden the scope of Relief Society work in her stake, with the idea of increased service along human welfare lines. Mrs. Foulger had been planning for some time to resign her position as president of the stake Relief Society, in order that she might, while yet comparatively young, take up in earnest her temple work, in which she was so greatly interested. From her counselors we learn that the Relief Society work in the Ogden stake is in splendid condition, every phase of the work and every department being up to date.
38 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
The General Board was represented at Mrs, Foulger's funeral by Counselors Clarissa S. Williams and Julina L. Smith, and Mrs. Rebecca N. Nibley. The floral offerings were beauti- ful, and the services throughout most impressive.
South Sanpete Stake.
A distinct feature of Relief Society activity of the South Sanpete stake has been a course of lectures on health and nurs- ing given by Miss Sarah Tooth, a graduate registered nurse. The lectures were given to the members of the Relief Society weekly in the various wards of the stake, covering a period of eight weeks. The course consisted of the following subjects : 1, General Care of the Patient; 2. Demonstrations in Bed Mak- ing; 3. Baths, Kinds and Uses; 4. Demonstration in the Use of Heat and Cold ; 5. Parental Care ; the Well Baby; What to do in Emergencies ; 6. Patent Medicines ; 7. Tuberculosis ; Hygiene, Sanitation ; 8. Why physical defects should be corrected ; 9. A few things a woman should know about the community in which she lives. All of these lectures were well attended.
In the various wards where members are unable to attend Relief Society meetings, the homes of such are visited in a so- cial way and assistance given where needed. In some instances, hospital expenses have been met by the wards.
During the months of June, July and August, one of the South Sanpete wards raised $212 which was sent to the mission- aries from that ward.
Committees on temple work are active in arranging com- panies of Relief Society women to officiate in the Manti Temple. This work of salvation for the dead is very near the hearts of all Relief Society women in this district.
Calif 0 rn ia Mis sic n .
Mrs. Louissa W. Jones, president of the California mission, writes that since the October conference, three branch confer- ences have been held in the California mission, in Gridley, Oak- land, and Los Angeles. In each of these branches there is a good attedance and splendid spirit. Since October 16, four Relief Societies have been organized in the mission. On October 17 Fallon was organized with Mrs. Olive A. Sandoz, president; on October 26, Vallejo was organized with Mrs. Annie Jorgen- sen, president; Marysvale, with Mrs. Ruth Sanson, president; and Fresno, with Mrs. R. P. Danford, president.
Mrs. Jones reports that in the Binghamton, Arizona branch, the social service department has been greatly assisted by the Extension Division of the University of Arizona. Lectures have been available whenever desired. The Extension Depart- ment has complimented the Relief Society on many occasions for
NOTES FROM THE EJEED.
39
the splendid outline on this subject which has been furnished in the Relief Society Magazine.
Ogden Stakes Give Bazaar.
The Relief Societies of the Ogden, North Weber, and Weber stakes gave a most successful bazaar on November 18, 1920. The executive committee was composed of Mrs. Almira Rich, chairman, Ida Treseder, vice-chairman, Agnes H. Stevens, sec- retary, Georgina G. Marriott, treasurer.
Each of the thirty-nine wards gave a quilt, twelve ladies' aprons, twelve children's aprons ; also four pounds of sewed rags which were woven into rugs. Individual members donated fancy work, plain sewing, hand painted china, vegetables, fruit, homemade candy, bread, pies, cakes, doughnuts and miscella- neous articles of all kinds, making it possible to have a wonder- ful display in thirteen beautifully decorated booths. Luncheon was served every day from 11:30 to 2, and a chicken dinner from 6 to 8. The bazaar opened with community singing and an entertaining program was given every afternoon and even- ing. All of the business and professional people contributed liberally and after all expenses were paid, the committee an- nounced that $5,000.00 had been raised. This fund will be used for the charity and relief work in Weber county.
North Davis Stake.
The Relief Society of the Syracuse stake gave a birthday party to their president, Mrs. Julia Tree, in honor of her sixtieth birthday. The party was held at the home of Mrs. Tree, where the accompanying picture was taken :
SYRACUSE RELIEF SOCIETY GROUP
40
RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
Tintic Stake.
The Relief Society women of the Tintic stake recently arranged an excursion to the Manti Temple by auto. The party consisted of 130 men and women. In many instances, the service was given to families who have been unable to carry forward this work for their own people. A donation of $94.50 was made by those who were unable to join the excursion.
Summit Stake.
At the close of the Summit Stake Leadership Institute, which was the first one held in the Church, a very successful three-day clinic was arranged for by the stake Relief Society. Specialists in eye, ear, nose and throat work were secured and many children were examined. Those needing treatment were operated upon. This work was done at reduced rates to all, and free to those who were unable to pay for it. The Summit stake is planning now to have a dental clinic in the near future for the benefit of the children.
Brinkerhoff Triplets.
The Brinkerhoff Triplets — three lusty boys — ^are one year old. Neither of them seems to be worried about malnutrition. The mother, Mrs. Joseph Brinkerhoff, of McCornick, Utah, says
THE r.RIXKERHOFF TRIPLETS
she attributes her success in raising these fine babies to the many valuable lessons she learned while taking the Relief So- ciety nurse course.
EDITORIAL
Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah Motto — Charity Never Faileth
THE GENERAL BOARD Mrs. Emmelink B. Wells ........ President
Mrs. Clarissa S. Williams ...... First Counselor
Mrs. Julina L. Smith ...... . Second Counselor
Mrs. Amy Brown Lyman -.-... General Secretary
Mrs. Susa Young Gates ..... Corresponding Secretary
Mrs. Emma A. Empey ...... General Treasurer
Mrs. Sarah Jenne Cannon Mrs. Carrie S. Thomas Mrs. Janette A. Hyde
Dr. Romania B. Penrose Mrs. Elizabeth S. Wilcox Miss Sarah Eddington
Mrs. Emily S. Richards Mrs. Rebecca Niebaur Nibley Miss Lillian Cameron
Mrs. Julia P. M. Farnsworth Mrs. Elizabeth C. McCune Mrs. Donnette Smith Ke sler Mrs. Phebe Y. Beatie Miss Sarah McLelland Mrs. Annie Wells Cannon
Mrs. Ida S. Dusenberry Mrs. Elizabeth C. Crismon
Mrs. Lizzie Thomas Edward, Music Director Miss Edna Coray, Organist
RELIEF SOCfETY MAGAZINE Editor --.-..... Susa Young Gates
Business Manager Janette A. Hyde
Assistant Manager - . Amy Brown Lyman
Room 29, Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah
Vol. VIII JANUARY, 1921 No. 1
MY NEW YOEAR RESOLUTION
It is not often wise to make verbal or formal resolutions. It is always unwise to sign pledges or to commit one's self to formal declaration of purpose as to future actions. But if any progress is to be made by the soul, the human will must set itself to travel a certain path, to overcome a certain obstacle, to break a certain bad habit. And so, when this New Year day comes, this day on which most of us sit down and take stock of our spiritual assets and liabilities, one is often led to form a quiet, unspoken resolution to conquer one fault, to break one bad habit.
As a Relief Society worker, as a mother and grandmother, my one yearning desire is to help my son, or my grandson, to put away the vile habit of smoking, if he has acquired that habit, or to give him moral courage to resist temptation when it comes his way. How can I do that?
By setting my own will to conquer my own weakness. Do I drink tea ? No ! Coffee ? No ! My mother conquered that habit for me before I was born, and kept me brave and loyal in my growing years, so that I have not nor ever have had any desire to touch these forbidden things. But in the revelation in Section 88, which precedes the word of wisdom occur these wonderfully pregnant commandments which epitomize the teachings of Moses, the word of wisdom, Christian Science, all that doctors ever knew or know today about physical and mental healing :
42 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
"See that ye love one another ; cease to be covetous, learn to impart one to another as the gospel requires ;
"Cease to be idle ; cease to be unclean ; cease to find fault one with another ; cease to sleep longer than is needful ; retire to thy bead early, that ye may not be weary; arise early, that your bodies and your minds may be invigorated ;
"And above all things, clothe yourselves with the bonds of charity, as with a mantle, which is the bond of perfectness and peace ;
"Pray always, that ye may not faint until I come : behold, and lo, I will come quickly, and receive you unto myself. Amen."
Now in these golden sentences lies one gem that I wish I might wear as a jewel over my heart. It spells life and health and rich blessings for me. I shall not tell you which, for it might not be at all the one that you need. Choose thou thine own !
Pres. Heber J. Grant has expressed a wish that all officers in the Relief Society, as well as in other auxiliaries, should re- sign if they do not keep the word of wisdom. Now I, who do keep it, must center my reforming, repentant efforts on other matters where I come short of being exemplary as a leader in Israel.
These boys, O these boys of ours! What would we not give, or give up, to see them walk altogether in the ways of truth and righteousness ? Could any sacrifice be too great ? Shall we not make one solemn resolve this New Year's day, O mothers ?nd grandmothers, that we will keep the word and words of wisdom, not only because of our position in the Relief Society and for the sake of our own souls, but also for the sake of our sons and our dear neighbor's sons who are just now taking up the cross in this no-tobacco campaign? Come let us resolve together!
MEMOIRS OF JOHN R. YOUNG
The struggles and' incidents which make up the early history of this state and this people are never dull nor commonplace.
Particularly vivid is a story written by John R. Young, a fa- mous Ultah pioneer, and son of Patriarch Lorenzo Young. John R. Young, in his virile manhood, was a striking character in southern Utah. Honorable to a fault, noble, active, humorous, and without fear, he was a scout, state-builder, and path-finder of rare ability.
His story, as gleaned from his journals and now printed, is full of delightful charm and compelling interest. We recommend this book to every Latter-day Saint family. Published by the Deseret Book Company.
Lesson on Tobacco Evil.
Lesson Given by Relief Soeiety — Religious and Home Training. Extra for January.
To be used Tuesday, January 18, in the interest of the anti-tobacco campaign.
One-half of the regular time should be given to this lesson and the other half to the literary lesson.
TOBACCO EVIL.
"Little children, let no man deceive you, he that doeth righteousness is righteous, even as he [God] is righteous." John 3:7.
To live righteously means to live with the fear of God in the heart. It is a protection and a guide.
Keeping the commandments of God is the way to attain his love and approbation. L. Education of Parents.
a. Faith in the gospel and an understanding of the revela- tion. Doc. and Gov. 89.
b. Knowledge of harmful effects, physically, mentally, morally, and spiritually.
2. Example in the Home.
a. Like father, like children.
b. Stories — illustrations.
3. Companionship.
a. Influence of associates.
b. Association with a smoker deadens the finer sensibilities of children.
4. Watchfulness.
a. Early and constant attention to children's tendencies.
b. Commendation for obedience. (Prevention is better than cure.)
5. Power of Habit.
a. (See "Acquiring the Habit/' page 180, Tobacco and Hu- man Efficiency, by Professor F. J. Pack.)
6. Parents Should Teach their Children.
a. The sacredness of the human body. The Spirit of the Lord will not dwell in an unclean tabernacle.
(1) The body is the casket of the spirit.
(2) To keep the body fine and beautiful is a religious duty.
(3) To obtain the gifts and blessings of the priesthood, live righteously.
44 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
b. That the physical body is impaired by the use of tobacco. Poisonous factors of tobacco. General physiological ef- fects of tobacco. See pages 9 and 23, Tobacco and Hu- nmn Efficiency, F. J. Pack.
c. That the moral resistance is weakened, page 220, Tobacco and Human Efficiency.
d. That the intellectual powers do not reach their highest development.
"Acrolein in the smoke of the cigarette has a violent action on the nerve centers, producing degeneration of the cells of the brain, which is quite rapid among boys. Unlike most narcotics, this degeneration is permanent and uncontrollable. I employ no person who smokes cigarettes." — Thomas A. Edison.
"I have seen bright boys turned into dunces, and stmight- forward, honest boys made into cowards by cigarette smoking," — Dr. A. C. Clinton, physician to several boys' schools.
e. Financial waste.
f. The comandment of the Lord. (Word of Wisdom, Doc- trine and Covenants 89.)
Problems and arguments that may be expected in teaching the non-use of tobacco,
ANTI-TOBACCO WEEK.
Note: — January 16 to 23, has been decided upon as anti- tobacco week. During this time the Church will concentrate its energies in an anti-tobacco campaign. Throughout the week all ward organizations will feature special programs in their regular meetings.
The Relief Society lesson on tobacco will be given on Tues- day, January 18th. It is suggested that half of the regular time be given to this lesson and the other half to the literary lesson.
The detailed procedure for the tabocco campaign will be an- nounced in pamphlet form, by the Social Advisory Committee of the Church.
The most exhaustive and accurate source of information on the tobacco question is Dr. Pack's book. Tobacco and Human Efficiency, published by the Church and sold by the Deseret Book Company.
It is expected that each ward social committee will secure a copy of this book for ward use. A supplementary source of in- formation and argument is the weekly article appearing each Sat- urday in the Deseret News, on some phase of the tobacco ques- tion. See also Dr. Pack's article in the Improvement Era, for January.
Guide Lessons for February.
LESSON I.
Theology and Testimony.
First Week in February,
SALVATION FOR THE LIVING AND THE DEAD.
Two sets of lessons are herein given so that class leaders will have ample time for preparation.
personality of god.
The second startling revelation received by the Propliel Joseph Smith in the grove, one hundred years ago, was that God, our Father, is a person, distinct and separated in actual bodily form from his Son, Jesus the Christ. Both stood before the rapt gaze of the youthful seer and both spoke to him. No mat- ter what persecution followed, the prophet maintained the simple testimony of this vision until his death, giving his life to estab- lish its truth.
The Christian world, generally speaking, believed and still believes in a God who is invisible and impersonal. According to the old sectarian phraseology he is "a body without parts and passions, who sits upon the top of a topless throne and whose center is everywhere and circumerence nowhere." A famous modern Episcopalian preacher when asked for a definition of God is reported to have answered that God is a principle; again pressed to define what he meant by a principle, he replied that "two and two make four — that is a principle."
Let us examine some of the printed creeds of the modern world, old and new, on this point. The ancient Hebrews, ac- cording to a very modern authority believed :
"The unique characteristic of the God of the ancient Hebrews is his intense personality." Page 83 of Religions of the Past and Present.
"This characteristic of personality appears peculiarly in his relation to his people. He is first of all a tribal God, of that I have no question. His full name is "Yahwe of Hosts, the God of Israel." This particular- ism, which offends our modern cosmopolitanism, is an expression of his essential personality. It is a limitation, we say, on the pure idea of God, but a limitation which is necessary to the idea of the personal. For it is of the essence of personality that it is independent of other person- alities, independent and self-existent, and can only come into contact with other persons through acts of the will aud of desire. It is a mistake to try to push the loftiest of the prophets to a more abstract idea of his person. Amos, who states Yahwe's control of the world as strongly as any, and perhaps more clearly, (e. g., cc. 1-2; 9:7) nevertheless holds to the divine particularism. Page 84 of Religions of the Past and Present. The modem Jew, at least the American Jew, seems in many
46 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
instances to have succumbed to popular religious influences. We are told by Dr. K. Kohler:
"No mortal being knows what God is. He can not be seen, nor comprehended by the human mind. Neither can he be found in any part of the world, because he is the cause of all existence and the source of all intellect, and, therefore, above and beyond them all. But reason, conscience and history alike declare that he is. He is the absolute being to whom all beings owe their existence.
"God is One. There is no other god besides him, nor is there any that can be compared to him or that shares in his divinity, He is not composed of parts or of persons. He is an absolute Unity.
"He is a spiritual being, the Spirit of all existence, permeating all and everything. He is incorporeal. He has not the limitations of a body." Guide for Instructions in Judaism.
The third article of the Creed of Judaism found in the same book reads :
"I firmly believe that the Creator, blessed be his name, is not a body, and no corporeal relations apply to him, and that there exists noth- ing that has any similarity to him."
And now what do the orthodox Christian sects accept as the standard belief on this point? We quote from the thirty- nine Articles of Faith :
"There is but one living and true God, everlasting, without body, parts, or passions ; of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness ; the Maker and Preserver of all things both visible and invisible. And in unity of this Godhead there be three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity : the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost."
Modern sects have epitomized these thirty-nine articles into a dozen articles and the following expresses the universal mod- ern belief: we read in The Shorter Catechism, page 3 and 4:
Q. What is God?
A. "God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, and unchangeable, in his being wisdom, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth."
Q. Are there more Gods than one?
A. "There is but one only, the living and true God."
Q. How many persons are there in the Godhead?
A. "There are three persons in the Godhead; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory."
The effort to spiritualize and disincorporate the old He- brew idea of the personality of God the Father, arises from the admission which would follow the acceptance of a personal Father and a personal Son. Two Gods these are, and yet the Christian world for centuries has felt the necessity of getting away from the Pagan ideas of numerous gods. The Hebrews were Monotheists, the Pagans were Polytheists.
The Prophet Joseph had no theories to defend, no excuses to offer. He had seen the Father and the Son, and he could
GUIDE LESSONS. 47
not deny that truth and be found blameless before high heaven.
As the Christians accept the Old and New Testaments as their sole revelation, authority and guide to belief and creed, it should be possible for them to successfully explam the passages from the Bible quoted in the "Mormon" Compendium, on pages 184 to 193; for instance: ^ . ^ j „ , n in
Genesis : 1 :25-27, "man created in the image of God ; 3 :y-lU, "Adam heard the voice of the Lord;" 4:6, "the Lord said unto Cain" 14- 5:1-2, "Lord created man, male and female, m his own likeness ;" 13 :21, "God talked with Noah." Also 7 ^l-^^ 9 :8 ", 11-5 "the Lord came down to see the city and the tower; 12:7, "the'Lord appeared to Abraham." 17:22; 18, "the Lord ate and talked with Abraham;" 28: 13, "the Lord stood above the ladder Jacob saw;" 32:30, "Jacob saw God face to face." 35:13.^
Exodus: 3:6, "Moses was afraid to look on God; ^^31:18, "the tables of testimony, written with the finger of God;" 33:11, "the Lord talked with Moses as one man speaks with a friend ; 23, "thou shalt see my back parts, but not my face."
Numbers: 12:8, "with him will I speak, mouth to mouth. Zechariah- 14:4, "and his feet shall stand upon the Mount of Olives." Revelation: 1 :14, "his head and his hair like wool, and
his eyes like fire." . i j i
Every truth, fact and tradition of religion points to the dual personality of the Father and the Son. The Jews alone have some justification in their monotheistic attitude. To them Yaweh is their one and only God. Yet even they have now spiritual- ized him The Latter-day Saints alone possess the whole truth on this vital principle of faith. The final proof of the person- ality of God is the appearance of both the Father and the Son to the prophet in the grove at Palmyra. Thousands have re- ceived the testimony of this vision as testified to by the prophet. Who can disprove it?
Questions.
1. What is the idea of the Christian world about our heav- enly Father? . , , t- . ,
2. Quote the first of the 39 Articles of Faith.
3 What authority have we for belief in a personal God ^
4. Read the article on the true and living God from the
Compendium. • , v r i ^
5. What can you sav of the differences in belief between our Church and Christian 'churches generally?
6. What church did your parents come out of?
7. What is your idea of the personality of God, the Father, and his Son, Tesus Christ? _
8. How did you obtain that idea or testimony ^
48 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
LESSON II.
Work and Business.
Seond Week in February. LESSON III.
Literature.
Third Week in February. LATTER-DAY SAINTS' HYMNS.
THE SPIRIT OF GOD LIKE A FIRE IS BURNING.
This hymn has grown to be the medium of expression of the soul of the people of the Church. It was written by W. W. Phelps, in Kirtland, Ohio.
It was composed for the dedicatory service of the Kirtland temple. This hymn is distinguished in two ways, first, it was written for the dedication service of the first temple erected and, second, it is the first hymn composed to be used at the dedi- cation of a temple in the latter days.
The story goes that the Prophet Joseph Smith went into the printing office where W. W. Phelps was at work. On seeing him come in. Elder Phelps presented the poem. The prophet expressed great delight with the hymn. It was later printed on pieces of white satin in which form it was used at the dedi- catory service.
Immediately following the prayer of dedication, which was given through revelation, this song was sung. We can scarcely conceive of a hymn being sung under more propitious circum- stances, certainly its setting was little short of ideal. In the course of our lesson, we shall seek to show that the hymn was in spirit and in substance well suited to the occasion, thus mak- ing of it an "occasional" or specialized hymn of the very first order.
From this introduction we proceed to a study of the first stanza, and here we wish to say that the unit of composition which is generally called the paragraph, in prose, is known as the stanza in poetry, and that a verse, technically speaking, is a line of poetry:
"The Spirit of God like a fire is burning ;
The latter-day glory begins to come forth ; The visions and blessings of old are returning.
And angels are coming to visit the earth."
"The Spirit of God like a fire is burning!" In the early Christian Era there were those who, feeling the warmth of the Spirit of God, referred to it as a burning within, so that W. W .
GUIDE LESSOXS. 49
Phelps" figure has a double power, first that it is apt, and second, that it suggests a beautiful incident in the life of the Savior.
Passing to the second verse or line of the hymn, "The lat- ter-day glory begins to come forth ;" we are confronted with the fact that it takes many words to describe what glory is ; indeed, it is doubtful if the word really admits of description. At any rate, it appears to be the blending of the desirable and admirable, and is born of a most exultant and hopeful mood.
The third line, "The visions and blessings of old are re- turning," is a very fine example of the quality of suggestiveness in literature. Let us pause and' consider how it draws on the knowledge and imagination of the past, as we recreate all of the wonderful visions and blessings of olden times. It is certainly not surprising that literary critics insist on suggestiveness as a prime quality in literature.
The fouth line, "The angels are coming to visit the earth." calls to mind all of the visitations of holy angels since that first prayer in the woods, when the Father and the Son came in re- sponse to Joseph's petition.
Each stanza is followed bv a chorus truly wonderful in qual- ity:
"We'll sing and we'll shout with the armies of heaven. Hosanna. hosanna. to God and the Lamb. Let glory to them in the highest be given. Henceforth and forever ; amen and amen."
This chorus is of the very essence of the occasion. In su- l)reme joy at the completion of the holy house, those of earth desire to mingle their song of praise with those of heaven. Then follows the shout of "Hosanna, hosanna, to Ciod and the Lamb." Xo other words in the language so fully indicate the dedication of a temple to the Most High as these words, in fact hosanna is almost certain to call to the mind of a Latter-day Saint the thrilling experience of the hosanna shout as given at the dedica- tion of our temples. In view of this fact the use of the ex- pression, "Hosanna, hosanna to God and the Lamb," is most happy.
The second stanza reads :
"The Lord is extending the Saints' understanding. Restoring their judges and all as at first,
The knowledge and power of God are expanding, Tiie vail o'er the earth is beginning to burst."
This stanza does not contain anv heightened literarv ex-
50 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
pression, its value lies in the fact that it recounts some of the things that are making for the redemption of mankind and for the glory of God on earth.
"The Lord is extending the Saints' understanding," a line in- dicating that the power of the Saints to comprehend truth is being enlarged. "Restoring their judges and all as at first," a repetition of the thought that the gospel in its purity is being restored. "The knowledge and power of God are expanding.^' a condensed line, always permissible in poetry if it preserves the meter, or music of the verses. The thought seems to be that constantly the Saints are adding to their information concerning God and his almighty power. "The vail o'er the earth is beginning to burst." This line forms the climax of this stanza. The climax is the point of greatest exultation, perhaps, in a hymn such as we are considering. Welden Phelps reaches a climax in each of his stanzas. To turn to the line on its content side: "The vail o'er the earth is beginning to burst," a most fortunate touch of imagery for surely the vail did burst at the dedication of the Kirtland temple, and surely it has grown transparent at the dedication of succeeding temples, until there are many among the Latter-day Saints who have seen holy angels in the temples of our God.
The third stanza is not frequently sung by the Latter-day Saints, it reads :
"We'll call in our solemn assemblies in Spirit, To spread forth the kingdom of heaven abroad,
That we through our faith may begin to inherit. The visions and blessings and glory of God."
This stanza may be discussed as a unit. It suggests in the first place the solemn assembly of the priesthood, gathered to- gether on special occasions. Then attention is called to the fact that one of the solemn obligations of the Church is to spread the gospel. Then follows the intimation that our blessings are predicated on our faith, if we would inherit the visions and bless- ings of God.
Approaching the fourth stanza we read :
"We'll wash and be washed and with oil be anointed,
Withal not omitting the washing of feet ; For he that receiveth his penny appointed.
Must surely be clean at the harvest of wheat."
This stanza has in mind temple ordinances, and is therefore appropriate for a dedication hymn. It, too, is full of the quality of suggestiveness, bringing to our minds the instance of washing
GUIDE LESSONS. 51
of feet to be found in the scripture, also the parable of those who agreed on a penny for their compensation. The fifth stanza speaks of :
"Old Israel that fled from the world for his freedom, Must come with the cloud and the pillar amain,
A Moses and Aaron and Joshua lead him, And feed him on manna from heaven again."
An analogy between the way God gathered ancient Israel to the land of promise and the way he is gathering modern Israel, that Zion might be built and become the abode of the just. A fitting analogy is very effective as a literary device.
"How blessed the day when the lamb and the lion Shall lie down together without any ire,
And Ephraim be crowned with his blessing in Zion, As Jesus descends with his chariot of fire."
It is noted that a climax is frequently reached in the last line of the stanza. The last stanza of the hymn forms the climax' of the hymn.
In this stanza the Millennium is forshadowed, and the im- agination goes forward and backward. Backward to the won- derful allusions made to the Jewish scripture, and forward to that time, blessed indeed, when Jesus shall come to reign as King of kings and Lord of lords.
In conclusion we would draw attention to the comprehensive- ness of the hymn, for the poet has covered time from the first vision to the great consummation to be brought about by the Prince of Peace.
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS.
1. Technically speaking, what name do we give to a line in poetry? What name do we give to a group of lines?
2. Go to your hymn book and learn how many hymns W. W. Phelps has contributed to Latter-day Saint hymnology.
3. Give your own definition of an occasional poem or an occasional hymn.
4. Would you expect the dedication of a temple to inspire one gifted as a writer of song to write a dedication hymn? If so, why?
5. Relate the incident of the disciples of Christ saying, "Did not our bosom burn within us?"
6. Which three stanzas of the hymn are familiar to the Latter-day Saints, and which three are seldom heard in the con- gregations of the Saints?
52 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
7. Relate the story of Christ washing the feet of his dis- ciples.
8. Trace the analogy suggested in the fifth stanza between the gathering and leadership of ancient Israel to their Land of Promise, and the gathering and leadership of modern Israel as they journeyed towards their promised land.
9. God fed ancient Israel with manna, with what did he feed modern Israel in the hour of its need.
10. What features of this hymn mark it as specially suit- able to be used at the dedicatory service of a temple?
LESSON IV.
Social Service.
Fourth Week in February. MUNCIPAL GOVERNMENT.
. XATURE, FORMS AND FUNCTIONS OF MUNCIPAL GOVERNMENT.
NATURE.
Sovereign power over local affairs belongs to the state except as it may have been delegated to Federal Government. The powers of local government, exercised by cities and towns, is delegated authority from the state. In Utah most of this dele- gated authority and especially the determination of the forms and functions of city government is granted by the state legisla- ture. In some states this grant of authority is made in the state constitution. The purpose of Amendment No. 1 in the last L^tah state election was to give home rule to cities independent of action by the state legislature. This amendment failed.
FORMS.
Until recent years the most common form of city govern- ment in Utah was the mayor and council plan. Some years ago the law was so changed as to provide for the commission form of government for cities of the first and the second class ; first class cities must have a population over 50,000 and second class, over 5,000. The law provides for five commissioners for cities of the first class and three commissioners for cities of the sec- ond class. The mayor and council form of government is re- tained for cities of the third class ; the law provides for five councilors elected at large. In cities of the first and second class there are also boards of education to manage the schools.
GUIDE LESSONS. 53
The city manager plan is being tired out in some cities under direction of a mayor and council. This plan provides for the employment of a competent man to take charge of the city's busi- ness, as a private corporation employs a manager to take care of its business. In some states this plan of management is pro- vided for by law.
The idea behind these changes in the form of city govern- ment is to remove the management of the city's affairs as far as possible from partisan politics, and to put it on a business basis, after the fashion of the business of a private corporation man- aged by a Board of Directors.
The government of a town in Utah remains under the di- rection of a board of five trustees, who usually serve without pay or for a nominal salary.
FUNCTIONS.
In general the function of city government is to manage the local affairs ; such as. public safety, including police, fire, and health protection ; public affairs and finance, including a legal department, civil and criminal courts, licenses, and all matters pertaining to finance ; a water department, which may include management of irrigation as well as culinary water ; a street department, including construction, repair, cleaning and sprink- ling of streets ; a park and public property department, including management of all parks and play grounds belonging to the city, except school grounds. Many minor functions sach as manage- ment of a city cemetery, public bath house, estray pound, and offices of various inspectors may be assigned to one or another of these departments as a matter of convenience or to equalize responsibility between commissioners. In cities of the second class the responsibilties are divided between the three com- missioners on the same general principles. In cities of the third class and in towns the busines is handled by the council or board acting, as a rule, through small committees.
Where a public Library is maintained it is managed by a Library board appointed by the general city government. School Boards are, however, independently elected and are responsible directly to the people. In Utah the schools of cities of the third class and of towns are part of a larger unit, the consolidated school district.
A city may own and operate public utilities. In case of streets, and sidewalks, public ownership is very evidently a neces- sity. It is almost so in case of a water system and a sewage system. Electric lighting plants and gas plants are frequently owned and operated, as are occasionally street railway systems. In any case the city in some measure regulates public utilities.
54 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
except as these utilities may be regulated directly by the state; that is, the state as a rule either regulates these matters by its own commission or delegates power to municipal corporations. It is now a well established principle that public utilities not owned by the public must be subject to public regulation.
Each citizen of a community must be protected in his life, health, liberty and property. As a domestic problem this pro- tection can be given best by local government. Furthermore, the social and business life of people who dwell in cities is so intermingled that a great deal of positive regulation is necessary: first to avoid conflicts ; and second, to secure cooperative action in carrying forward the community business. Also to regulate community recreation — theatres, dance halls and all other places of public entertainment. This regulation can be made effective generally only through government. Local government is best adapted to this purpose.
QUESTIONS.
1. From what source does a city or town derive its govern- mental powers?
2. In what ways may this power be delegated ?
3. What advantage is claimed for the commission over the mayor and council form of government?
4. What service may the police give other than detecting and arresting criminals?
5. Why is it necessary to maintain a city health department?
6. What are the advantages of a city's owning its water supply and water works ?
7. Would there be advantages in having public utilities either owned or regulated by government?
8. Why is it best to have local affairs regulated by local government ?
REFERENCES.
Constitution and laws of your own state.
Ordinances of your own city. (Copies of these ordinances may be obtained by applying at the City Hall.)
Munro — Government of American Cities — The MacMillan Co. (This book may be obtained in public and school libraries.)
Guide Lessons for March.
LESSON I
Theology and Testimony.
First Week in March SALVATION FOR THE LIVING AND THE DEAD
AUTHORITY
The foundation of religion here, and hereafter, is divine authority; that is, the legitimate authority to teach, to preach and to administer in the ordinances of the gospel. And what is true on this earth, in regard to authority, is just as true of life in any other sphere, world, or universe. A church may possess many of the forms and ceremonies, the principles and sacraments of the gospel, but if that church, either here or here- after, lacks the authority which comes only from our Father, then it is a house founded on the sand, as the Savior himself said. This lesson does not deal with the necessity of a church organ- ization ; that comes later. We speak only of the vital need of God's authority to establish and carry on a church.
The vitality of any church rests upon its authority to act in the name of the Lord. The priesthood of God is the power and authority given to man to administer in the ordinances of his gospel, either for the "quick or for the dead," or for both. -
One of the great revelations received by the Prophet in his first vision was that the sects of the day had all lost their au- thority. A wealth of information on the apostasy is found in Elder B. H. Roberts' book, New Witnesses for God, especially in the first seven chapters ; and in his Gospel; as also in Elder Orson F. Whitney's Gospel Themes; and in Talmage's Articles of Faith; Orson Pratt's articles on Revelation, and The Bible an In- sufficient Guide, are filled with great truths on this point. The Restoration, by O. J. P. Widtsoe contains valuable data also.
From the point of view of a non-"Mormon" student, the Roman Catholic Church would seem to be the only Christian church on earth with any shadow of claim to real succession of divine authority, from the time of Christ. All other Christian sects, and there are literally hundreds of them, claim that the Catholic church apostatized from the true Christian faith. The reformed churches are undoubtedly right in this view. But, the
56 RliLlliP SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
■'protesting" sects, or Protestant churches, in their gropings for a true church have no recourse but to base their claims for au- thority simply and wholly on the Bible. We quote from the Presbyterian Confession of Faith, published in Philadelphia, in 1906, which is the substance of faith of many of the Protestant Churches :
"Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and provi- dence, do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusahle ; jet they are not sufficient to give that knowledge of God and of his will, which is necessary unto salvation ; therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare his will unto his church ; and after- wards, for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice, of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing; which maketh the Holy Scripture to be most necessary ; those former ways of God's revealing his will unto his people being now ceased."
President John Taylor says, (Vol. I, Journal of Discourses) : "Abra- ham was a man who contended for the true and legitimate authority. He was a man who dared fear God, and do honor to his authority, which was legitimate. He obtained his dominion by legitimate authority; his Priesthood was obtained from God; his authoritj' was that which is associated with the everlasting gospel, which was, and is, and is to come, that liveth and abideth forever."
It would seem that none of the founders of various sects ex- cept the Catholics ever claimed divine authority. The Roman Catholic church declares, in A Catechism of Christian Doclrine, published under the authority of Archbishop Gibbons:
"The means instituted by our Lord to enable men at all times to share in the fruits of his redemption are the Church and the Sacraments. The Church is the congregation of all those who profess the faith of Christ, partake of the same Sacraments, and are governed by their law- ful pastors under one visible head. Jesus Christ is the invisilile Head of the Church. Our Holy Father, the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the Vicar of Christ on earth and the visible Head of the Church. The Pope, the Bishop of Rome, is the visible Head of the Church because he is the successor of St. Peter, whom Christ made the chief of the Apos- tles and the visible Head of the Church. The successors of the other Apostles are the bishops of the Holy Catholic church. Christ founded the Church to teach, govern, sanctify, and save all men. The attributes of the Church are three: authority, infallibility, and indefectibility."
The facts concerning the apostasy of the Catholic church is treated by Mosheim in his Ecclesiastical History very exhaus- tively. See article on apostasy, in the Ready Reference and Com- pendium.
Divine authority in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints rests squarely upon God who conferred the authority ne- cessary to organize the Church, and to officiate in the ordinances
GUIDE LESSONS. 57"
of the gospel, upon Joseph Smith through revelation and through the restoration of the Aaronic and Alelchizedek Priesthoods. The Aaronic Priesthood was conferred upon the Prophet by John the Baptist and the Melchizedek Priesthood was conferred upon Joseph Smith by the Apostles Peter, James and John. (See Doc. and Cov., and page 47 of the Ready Reference.)
Without divine authority there will arise strife and con- fusion in religious affairs. And men who usurp that authority, even where they do so ignorantly, will find themselves, here and on the other side, subject to all kinds of darkness, error and delusion. Men must be converted to the need of divine authority, and they must receive that authority from one who has received it in direct line from God himself, if that man or woman grow and progress, receive hght, truth and joy.
1. What do you mean when you speak of authority?
2.. What is a church?
3. Name some of the Protestant churches?
4. What can you say of the Roman Catholic church and the Greek Catholic church, with regard to their authority?
5. Give an account of the great apostasy of the Christian church ?
6. WHiy do men need divine authority in the world of spirits ?
7. Why is the Bible an insufficient guide for any church ?
8. Who gave the Prophet authority to organize the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
9. Who holds the authority in this Church ''
LESSON n.
Work and Business.
Second Week in March.
LESSON in. Literature.
Third Week in March.
iLATTER-DAY SAINT HYMNS.
"come, come, ye saints."
In our last lesson we considered a hymn written for a spe- cial occasion. In that instance the author called the attention of the prophet to the fact that he had written a hymn, and sub- mitted it for his consideration. The hymn we present for the
58 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
third lesson was brought into being at the request of the second great prophet of the Church, Brigham Young.
Scarcely was President Young appointed head of the Church, before he was called to lead the people across the plains into this desert country. Not half has ever been told of the hardship of that march. A few years ago Judge Terrell, of Austin, Texas, U. S. Minister to Turkey, during Grover Cleve- land's administration, came on to the Temple grounds, and asked the guide to permit him to speak to the party being conducted through the grounds.
Permission granted him, he said, "Ladies and Gentlemen: I, was a youth of nineteen when your people left the city of Nauvoo. I stood on the banks of the river and saw them cross to what I believed to be certain death. A poorer, more bedrag- gled set of people I have never seen. They started with horses and cows hitched to the same wagon, and in some instances took their goods across the river in a wheelbarrow. What I witness on this block today is a veritable miracle to me."
Under such circumstances one can readily imagine that the inconveniences of the journey would prove a sore trial, and that there would be times when human nature would well nigh break under the pressure, and greatly need the stimulation of skilled leadership, coupled with the blessings of Almighty God.
It was at Locust Creek, Iowa, that President Brigham Young, feeling great anxiety, because there were murmurings in the camp of Israel, called Elder William Clayton aside, and said, "Brother Clayton, I want you to write a hymn that the people can sing a I their camp-fires, in the evening; something that will give them succor and support, and help them to forget the many troubles and trials of the journey."
Elder Clayton withdrew from the camp, and in two hours returned with the hymn familarly known as, "Come, come, ye Saints." His personal testimony is to the effect that the Spirit of the Lord rested upon him during the time of its composition, and that the hymn was written under the power and inspiration of the Lord.
That it served admirably the purpose for which it was writ- ten is abundantly testifed to, by litmdreds of people who drew from it comfort and support as they made their memorable jour- ney to these valleys.
The first stanza reads :
"Come, come, ye Saints, no toil nor labor fear,
But with joy wend your way; Though hard to you this journey may appear,
Grace shall be as your day.
GUIDE LESSONS. ' 59
'Tis better far for us to strive,
Our useless cares from us to drive. Do this, and joy your hearts will swell —
All is well ! All is well !"
The first line is a veritable bugle call for courage, and the second line asks that they go on their way rejoicing, no matter what the odds.
In the third and fourth lines the author admits that the jour- ney will undoubtedly be hard for most of them ; but along with that admission is the promise that the grace of God will attend and support them all sufficiently.
*"Tis better far for us to strive, our useless cares from us to drive."
These two lines intimate that trifles are fretting them. They are reminded that such things are useless, and destroy one's power to do better things. Possibly the line carries a slight re- proof, but if so, it is tactfully concealed between promises of joy and support, and the asurrance that all will be well.
Turning our attention to the first two lines of the second stanza, it is evident that Elder Clayton is calling upon the Saints to look upon the whole matter from a spiritual point of view, and not from the human standpoint, lest they faint by the way. Noth- ing is more firmly established in the religious life than that the Spirit of the Lord can heighten and relieve any situation, no matter how forbidding. President George Q. Cannon, imprisoned for conscience sake, said, that "no bridegroom coming from the bridal chamber could be more happy than he was," as he came from his prison cell, and, he attributed his spiritual buoyancy to the sustaining power of the Holy Spirit.
Then comes a challenge, issued through a question, "Why should we think to earn a great reward, if we now shun the fight?"
We are inclined to call this the gem thought of the hymn; at all events, it is the thought that we may carry over into our lives, and which is as applicable to the life of today as it was to the lives of those for whom it was written. It is a nugget of wisdom.
And then again, the lines:
"Gird up your loins, fresh courage take,
Our God will never us forsake ; And soon we'll have this tale to tell,
All is well ! All is well !"
■Again the bugle call for courage, and the promise that all is well.
60 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
"We'll find the place which God for us prepared,
Far away in the West ; Where none shall come to hurt or make afraid ;
There the Saints will be blest. We'll make the air with music ring,
Shout praises to our God and King : Above the rest these words we'll tell —
All is well! All is well!"
»
The central thought of this stanza is that the Saints are to find a home in the West where peace will be their portion. Yet no one knew where that home would be when the words were written. No other thought could be a substitute for that thought. It is the promised reward of their courage and faith.
These people had been driven from their homes, what they desired above all else was an abiding place. If a man is hungry, he wants food ; if thirsty, drink ; and if homeless, a home. The poet reminds them of the prophecy uttered by Joseph the prophet, in 1842, that the Saints would become a mighty people in the Rocky Mountains.
The fourth and last stanza may be discussed in two parts.
The force of the first few lines, of this stanza, we think, is not to be impressed through any discussion that may be con- ducted through the use of words.
^The most effective and eloquent tribute that may be paid to them, comes from such recitals as President Heber J. Grant gave us the benefit of, in a recent conference. For this reason we in- sert this wonderful life story.
'T remember," said President Grant, "upon one occasion, that my father-in-law — the late Oscar Winters said, 'Heber, I be- lieve that the young people of Zion do not thoroughly appreciate what Brother Clayton's hymn meant to us, as we sang it, night after night, crossing the plains ; and I believe that choir leaders /lo not appreciate it, or they would not stop after singing three verses.'
"Brother Winters further said, T want to tell you an inci- dent that happened as I was coming to the valley. One of our company was delayed in coming to camp ; they got some volun- teers, and were about to go back and see if anything had hap- pened— if he had had trouble with the Indians — or what was the matter — when he saw him coming in the distance. When he' ar- rived we unyoked his cattle and helped him to get his supper. He had been quite sick and had to lie down by the road a time or two. After supper he sat down on a large rock, by the camp fire and sang the hymn, "Come, come, ye Saints.'' It was the rule in the camp that whenever anybody started to sing that hymn, we would all sing it, but for some reason no one joined
GUIDE LESSONS. 61
with this brother. His voice was quite weak and feeble, and when he had finished, I glanced around, and I don't believe there were any of the people sitting there, whose eyes were tearless. He sang the hymn very beautifully, but with a weak and plaintive voice, and yet with the spirit and inspiration of the hymn. The next morning we discovered that he was not hitching up his oxen ; we went to his wagon, and we found that he had died dur- ing the night ! Wq dug a shallow grave and laid his body in it. We then thought of the stone on which he had been sitting the night before when he sang :
" 'And should we die before our journey's through.
Happy day ! All is well ! We then are free from toil and sorrow, too,
With the just we shall dwell.'
" 'We then rolled that stone over in place as a headstone for his grave.
Surely, it is small wonder that after listening to such a telling story as this that President Heber J. Grant should have selected, "Come, come, ye Saints," as his favorite hymn. Judge Ter- rell said. "The path of the Latter-day Saints was marked by foot prints of blood, and by silent graves from Nauvoo to the Val- ley of the Great Salt Lake. The marvel is that they did not all die. Those of us who saw them go forth into the wilderness be- lieved that every one was marked for death ;" but in accord with the prophet's word they found the West ; and in it as one dis- tinguished gentleman said, "They have carved an empire out of desolation."
In conclusion we say this hymn has no special rhetorical embellishment ; but it has that which is above and beyond rhe- torical embellishment ; it has a record for having met the soul- hunger of a people who were making the m;ost courageous effort, perhaps, ever made in the history of the world to establish them- selves where they might worship God as conscience dictated. Nor is this its only merit ; it has embalmed the past of a people who>e growing youth can know little of the heroism of their fathers and mothers except as it is preserved to them through the pen of the historian and the medium of art, and this classic of the plains is one of the mediums through which the marvelous past of the Lat- ter-day Saints is preserved.
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS
1. Tell in brief the circumstances under which the Latter- day Saints left Nauvoo.
2. From the Latter-day Saints Encyclopedia obtain a brief sketch of the life of William Clavton.
62 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
3. Under what circumstances did he write the hymn under discussion?
4. Relate the story told by Col. Kane about the Nauvoo Exodus. (See History of the Church.)
5. Recite the gem thought of the poem.
6. Have some one read President Heber J. Grant's com- ments on the hymn, to be found in the ninetieth semi-annual con- ference report.
7. Select the lines which indicate that the people were fret- ted with little things.
8. Select the lines that would give courage to a people cast out into a wilderness, as these people were cast out into the wil- derness.
9. Recite some story familiar to you of the singing of this hymn on the plains.
10. Tell the story of some one who died on the plains.
11. How would you form a pageant for a Relief Society meeting that would recall the past function and history of this hymn on the plains.
12. If it is possible to present a simple 'pageant illustrating this hymn for the meeting in which this hymn is studied by all means do so.
LESSON IV.
Social Service.
Fourth Week in March, how citizens may help or hinder their local government.
Citizens too commonly throw all the burden of government upon those elected to office. If the prohibition law is not uni- versally and rigidly enforced citizens blame the police force or the sheriff without realizing that it is very hard to get a jury from their own number that will convict on the best of evidence. Few persons feel any responsibility themselves for law enforce- ment, although every citizen is a potential officer of the law and may be called into actual service in an emergency. It is almost impossible for officers to enforce laws without the cooperation of the citizens. They are in their most difficult cases dependent upon citizens for information leading to arrests, for testimony in the courts, for jurors that honestly believe in law enforce- ment and that cannot be swayed from their purpose by the oratory of criminal lawyers.
GUIDE LESSONS. 63
The tendency of immature and unthinking people to be loyal to persons, right or wrong, rather than to be loyal to the best in- terests of the community, must be corrected before good govern- ment is possible. This means that a citizen will be just as ready to report to the proper public authority an offense against the community as he would an offense against his own person or property. A man who is held up and robbed does not hesitate to report the matter to the police and to testify, if he has op- portunity. As a patriotic citizen, should he not take the same interest in prosecuting one who has held up and robbed the com- munity? Certainly there is as much moral violence in robbing the public as in committing a like offense against an individual. The civic interpretation of the golden rule might well read: "Pro- tect the public as you would protect yourself." There are laws forbidding gambling, drinking intoxicating liquors, improper use of drugs, and use of tobacco by minors, or supplying tobacco to minors ; also laws pertaining to quarantine and other public health regulations, and measures regulating the business and conduct of public pleasure resorts. All of these laws are very difficult of rigid enforcement. Without active^ hearty cooperation of the citizens, the police department or the sheriff's office is practically helpless. This is not said to excuse their inefficiency or indis- position to do their part, it is simply a statement of an unfortunate fact.
In many cities it happens that the forces for evil are organ- ized to oppose both the enactment of laws suppressing wrong doing, and also the enforcement of existing laws intended to pre- vent persons from preying upon and demoralizing the community. These forces are sometimes supported by so-called respectable business men, who have houses to rent for illegal purposes, or are otherwise interested in taking profits derived from the weak- ness of their fellow men. Conscientious officials have to meet these opposing forces, while their critics find fault with govern- meint, politics, and politicians, instead of becoming aware of their own civic indifference.
The forces for good must be at least as fully organized and as active as are the forces for evil. Church organizations ought to be in politics, in the best sense of that term. Their faith and their preaching must be supplemented by active community work for social betterment. It is folly for a church organization to talk merely about current community evils when it is within its power to eliminate these evils by wise laws and their strict en- forcement.
On the more constructive side of civic duty is provision for a high type of public service. This will include wholesome pub- lic recreation, liberal educational opportunities for all, care for the needy, and beauty and comfort everywhere. Real civic pride
64 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
finds as much satisfaction in these community assets as does a good housewife in the lovehness. comfort and general success of lier own home.
Civic efficiency requires that the citizens be famiHar with the life and activities of the community. These must be studied wth a view to discovering- the best methods of furthering social aims in cooperation with other citizens.
OUE.STIONS.
1. a. What are the quarantine laws of your city or town?
b. Why should they be strictly enforced?
c. How can you help?
2. a. To what extent does the law of yotir state forbid gam-
bling ?
b. What is the nature of }'our town or city ordinance on this subject?
c. What is the relation of raffling at church fairs to these laws and ordinances?
d. Are there ptmch boards or other gambling devices in any of your stores or other public places?
e. Why should husbands indulge in petty gainbling, when
it is forbidden to minors? f. If there is gambling in your community to what" extent are you responsible for tolerating it?
3. a. Do any of the stores in your commimity sell tobacco
to minors ?
b. Do you ever see minors using tobacco, or do you know of their using it ?
c. If they do, where do they get it?
d. Would you testify against a merchant of your acquaint- ance who sold tobacco to minors?
4. a. Is any liquor sold or used as a beverage in your com-
munity? If so, who sells it or who makes it? b. What is likely to be the effect upon a family of having "home brew"?
5. a. Are the public dances in your commiuiity well conducted ?
b. What kind of music is engaged?
c. What is the relation of the music to the motions of the dancers ?
d. Is moonlight dancing indulged in ?
The RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE
V : r
Jr
Emmeline B. Wells
Prof. Evan Stephens
No. 26.
Our Mountain Nome $o Dear.
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ORGAN OF THE RELIEF SOCIETY OF
THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS
Room 29 Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah
$1.00 a Year — Single Copy, 10c. Canada and Foreign, $1.25 a Year — 15c Single Copy.
VOLUME VIII FEBRUARY, 1921 number 2
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The lielief Society Magazine
Owned and Published by the General Board of the Relief Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
CONTENTS
FEBRUARY, 1921 Sir Phillip Herbert Samuels' First Public Reception in
Jerusalem ■ . . • Frontispiece
Baby Dear Abbie R. jMadsen 65
The Jerusalem of Today 67
Madame Lydia von 1"\ Mountford 71
From Zion to Jerusalem 78
The Plan of Salvation VVilma Stolworthy 81
Out of the World G. Milton Babcock 83
Baby Brother . Abbie R. Madsen 95
New Issue of the Book of Mormon 96
The War in Heaven Lizzie O. Borgeson White 98
World Happenings . -'ames H. Anderson 101
Notes from the Field Amy Brown Lyman 104
The Glory of Adversity Helen Kimball Orgill 110
Editorial : Am I a Failure ? Ill
Birthday of President Emmeline B. Wells 113
Guide Lessons for April 114
ADVERTISERS' DIRECTORY
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GLOBE OPTICAL CO., East Second South, Salt Lake City, Utah. KEELEY'S, Salt Lake City, Utah. McCONAHAY, 64 Main Street, Salt Lake City, Utah. SALT LAKE KNITTING STORE, 70 South Main Street, Salt Lake City, UTAH STATE NATIONAL BANK, Salt Lake City, Utah. McDonald candy CO., Salt Lake City, Utah.
Baby Dear
By Ahbie R. Mads en.
Shut your weary, tired eyes, Baby dear. Baby dear. Let me hold you ere time flies.
Baby dear ! Twilight shadows softly creep, You should be in slumber deep, Heaven guard you while you sleep, Baby dear.
Soon these little feet will go. Baby dear. Baby dear. In many paths I do not know,
Baby dear ! Just this one thought comes to me : When you leave us, will you be Not too proud to bend the knee, Baby dear?
I would be with you all day, Baby dear, Baby dear.
But your path will lead away. Baby dear.
You will meet conditions new,
Heaven grant you may prove true :
That is all I'd ask for you, Baby dear.
THE
Relief Society Magazine
Vol. VIII FEBRUARY, 1921 No. 2
The Jerusalem of Toda^^
Jerusalem is rebuilding rapidly. Palestine resounds to the hum of Hebrew industry, while her hills smile under the fields of ripening grain planted by the amicable hands of descendants of both Judah, Esau, and Ishmael. In the heart of every Latter- day Saint these are singing phrases which begin with prophecy and end with praise.
Madame Mountford, bom, brought up in Jerusalem, and yet of Russian parentage longed with an unspeakable longing for the redemption of her native land and its release from Turkish bondage. She died two years ago, in March, just a few months before the fall of Jerusalem and the entrance of the English troops. We may be sure her spirit witnessed the triumph of righteousness in the realms to which she had flown.
Unless the student is somewhat familiar with current litera- ture, the rush of events, connected with rebuilding Jerusalem and rehabilitating all Palestine, seems unbelievable if not miracu- lous.
This office is in constant receipt of Zionist information which startles the imagination and fires prophetic fancy. Since the unusual occupation of Palestine, nearly two years ago, Jews all over the world have been hastening preparations for a com- plete occupation of their long-time divorced home-land ; but not until this past eight months has it seemed possible for the golden dreams to come actually true. The Magasiiie has related in detail (in April, 1919") the triumphant entry of the English into Jerusalem and the literal fulfilment of Orson Hyde's prophecy in regard to the nation which should fulfil that prophetic mis- sion. With the installation of Sir Philip Herbert Samuel, the new civil governor of Palestine, the dream of nearly two thou- sand years has become a partial reality.
Sir Herbert Samuel is an orthodox Jew, and, as Lord Rothschild says of him, he is a man "who combines within him- self all the higher attributes of a successful British statesman, with the. heart of a conscientious Jew."
68 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
It was feared, by cautious people, that the Jews would not care to turn away from the peaceful lands where they have long been domiciled, whose institutions they may love, and whose traditions have become a part of their own, to return to a deserted and warring- country, although that country was Jerusalem. Much more was it feared that the Arabs, Syrians, and the conglomerate mass of people who live in Palestine, would strenu- ously object to the Jew returning en masse, into Judah. Neither of these fears have been realized. Jews have turned their faces to Palestine in such vast numbers that immigration has had to be greatly curtailed. While the English officials have been so discreet in their Palestine policy that peace has settled like a dove over Jerusalem, powerful Jewish syndicates have been formed in every nation, money is pouring in, from rich and poor alike, ignorance and culture vie with each other in eager response to calls for day laborers, or scientifically trained minds, when the announcements come from Jerusalem that means and men are needed.
Perhaps the most significant expression of the universal Jewish feeling was made in London at a mammoth gathering in the Albert Hall, July 12, 1920. It is stated to have been "the most extraordinary meeting in the annals of the Anglo-Jewry." Thirty thousand people tried to get into a hall which held only ten thousand. Lord Rothschild was chairman of the evening and introduced the various speakers. Lord Balfour was the first speaker, then came the Marquis of Crewe, and Lord Rob- ert Cecil, with Major Ormsby-Gore who was with Allenby in the taking of Jerusalem, and all referred to the phases of this vital movement. Major Ormsby-Gore remarked that:
"For 404 years Palestine has been ruled by the Turk, and during those 404 years the very soil of Palestine has been ruined, the very foundations of the moral stability of its population have been undermined ; and it is your task, and the task of Britain as a whole, to help you to restore fruitfulness to the soil of that beautiful country, and to restore the moral fibre and the moral enthusiasm of all sections of the popu- lation who dwell in that beautiful country."
Lord Balfour referred eloquently to the three great diffi- culties which must be surmounted before this land will be re- deemed :
1. "The inevitable difficulty of dealing with the Arab question in Palestine." 2. "That the critics of this movement may not shelter them- selves behind the principle of self-determination, and which, of course, would end the protectorate of Great Britain ^in that country." 3. "The difficulty in the physical conditions of Palestine."
"How can that small country become an adequate home for the self development of the Jewish people? That question must be answered by the skill, knowledge, wealth, and determination of the Jews them- selves." 4. "It is the fact that only idealists, who are capable of putting
THE JERUSALEM OF TODAY. 69
their dreams into actualities, and yet retaining the depth and glory of that dream, can hope to succeed, for if the people are without vision they shall perish."
In America Jewish enthusiasm is no less eager, nor are their actual efforts less fruitful of results than they are in England and Europe.
Among the recent news items we find the following:
"Dr. Weismann, Palestine expert, comes over from London in Feb- ruary, going first to Canada on January 30, to attend the Convention of Canadian Zionist Societies. New Jersey raised $500,000 within the last month and incorporated The Palestine Development Company to relieve the housing shortage in Palestine. The money is to be lent to Palestiniens on the easy monthly payment plan with a six percent interest. The com- pany will send an agent in March over to Jerusalem to take charge of the work. The officers of the company are the wealthy wholesalers in ' groceries, beef, phonographs, real estate, and in the Perth Amboy Trust Company, New Jersey."
We are told, in the Liverpool Journal of Commerce, that :
"Palestine having now obtained that racial peace and protection, under the strong, just arm of England, which is essential to the indus- trial development of any country, all classes and nationalities are settling down to attend to business. The possibilities of fruit and vegetable and, to a certain extent, cereal growing, are limitless when the waters of the Upper Jordan are utilized for irrigation and power production. The population may be roughly taken as consisting of Syrians, Jews, and Bedouin. The Jew has never been parasitical from choice, and, given the opportunity, he excels in any trade or profession. The various nationalities are to a great extent necessarily interdependent. The Jewish poor are not keen on domestic service — they prefer factory work. Thus the assistance of the Syrian of that class is necessary. To quote one example : for hard, manual labor, in the fields or at the ports, the Bedouin from the Eastern desert, when he wants money to buy camels, wives, and such things, is willing to provide unskilled labor, and a good, hard worker he is."
Suffrage has been granted to the Jews under various re- strictions. Most of them having to do with age, residence in the country and education. There is some difficulty in Palestine between the orthodox and unorthodox Jews, but this will adjust itself in due time.
Educationally the Jews are advancing rapidly. The school report in 1919 and 1920 shows as follows :
1919 1920
"Kindergartens 32 36
Public Schools 46 48
Music Schools 3 4
Secondary Schools 8 8
"Total 89 96
"Altogether there are 128 schools numbering 12,740 pupils and 564 teachers. Eighty percent of the Jewish children are now educated in He-
70 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
brew schools, and the other twenty per cent attend either Jewish schools not supervised by the Education Department of the Zionist Commission, and in which Hebrew is not the language of instructions, or schools con- ducted by Missionary societies."
An effort is being made to raise funds for the development of Young Judea, or the youthful classes of American Jews.
There is also a Woman's League of the United Synagogue. The Convention of young Judea was held in December, in Phila- delphia, and they had over one hundred delegates present from New York, New England, Washington, Baltimore and Chicago.
We may thus look forward with joy and anticipation to the rapid habitation and rebuilding of Palestine.
Our scriptures are full of the promises concerning Zion and Jerusalem. The Old Testament teems with references to the combined prophecies. Isaiah declares, among many other sayings, "Zion that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high moun- tains ; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!"
The Prophet Joseph says in the inspired prayer which was written for the dedication of the Kirtland Temple, May 27, 1836:
"Thou knowest thou hast a great love for the children of Jacob, who have been scattered upon the mountains, for a long time, in a cloudy and dark day ; we therefore ask thee to have mercy upon the children of Jacob, that Jerusalem from this hour may begin to be redeemed, and the yoke of bondage broken off from the house of David, and the children of Judah may begin to return to the lands which thou didst give to Abraham, their father." (Sec. 109, Doc. and Cov.)
Zion is here where Isaiah saw it in vision, "in the tops of the high mountains." And Jerusalem has been steadily prepared for the great events which are there taking place. The Jews be- gan their migrations shortly after this prayer was uttered. Not until today, however, are the Jews ready, through the liberal policy of America and Great Britain in the recent past years, to send trained engineers, educators, physicians, and publicists to make "her paths straight," and to scientifically "build up the waste places."
This Magazine will carry a department headed "From Zion to Jerusalem," to be edited by a grand-daughter of Orson Hyde, which will summarize from month to month, the wonderful devel- opments in Palestine. Thus, in our own way, we will cast out our lines from Zion to Jerusalem, and watch and pray till He comes whose right it is to rule, and reign from the rivers to the ends of the earth.
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71
' MADAME LYDIA VON F. MOUNTFORD
Madame Lydia von F. Mountford.
In connection with the rebuilding of Judea, our minds naturally go out to the great lecturer on Jerusalem, Mme. Mount- ford who died on the 22nd of March, 1917, in Lakeland, Florida, while engaged in giving her course of oriental lectures. Our readers will be interested, in hearing something about the woman who brought so much light and inspiration to us in these lectures, delivered twenty- five years ago, in this city.
Madame Mountford came to Salt Lake City in February, 1897, and again in 1912, and gave a lecture in one of the Chris- tian churches, which was heard by Dr. James E. Tal- mage, who was president of the Latter-day Saints Uni- versity at the time. He was so impressed with the won- der and beauty of her work that arrangements were made for her
72 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
to deliver her series of lectures in the Tabernacle. His appeal was printed in the Deseret News and a committee came up from Provo to call upon Madame Mount ford, and learn if she could be secured to repeat part, or all, of her lectures in the Brigham Young University. The committee found Madame Mountford in the Templeton hotel. As soon as she came in and met the ladies, she exclaimed:
"This is the third time I have tried to come to Utah. Twice, I have been hindered by pressing calls eastward. Once, I got as far as Denver, and once, even, reached Colorado Springs. Now I am here, and I am so glad to see you."
Questioned as to her especial reason for this remark, the Madame replied :
"My father entertained the first 'Mormon' missionary who went to Jerusalem sometime in the early 40's. I was not then born, but I heard him speak many times about the young man who had told of a new American prophet and a golden Bible. He wanted to know more about it, and every time I hear your peAple mentioned, I recall my father's deep interest in that young prophet."
The Madame remained three weeks in Salt Lake, giving her lectures in the Tabernacle, which was crowded every night, some- times between nine and ten thousand people forming the audience. As a lecturer, she was unsurpassed; her voice was deeply res- onant; her magnetism was dynamic, and her delivery was both simple and highly dramatic. Her lectures took up phases of the Savior's life, illustrating his parables and his life and death, by a group of people costumed in real Arabian and Jewish robes and turbans. These people were selected by her as she went from place to place, and immediately trained under the vitalizing influ- ence of the Madam's unique personality.
She thus illustrated the birth of the Jewish child ; its first swaddling clothes ; the anointing with oil ; the circumcision ; and the admittance at twelve years old into the priestly circle. The life of the child was typified from Abraham's day to the Savior's, as he sat in a circle with his companions, listening under the desert stars, or in the city synagogue, to the stories and tradi- tions of his people. The parables were all acted out : the woman who had lost one of her wedding pieces of silver, and what it meant to her ; the guests who were not provided with the wedding garment ; the sower in the field with the mustard seed, and the awkward plow ; the street calls, and the elaborate and varied salu- tations, of friends, neighbors, and relatives, as they pass on the street or meet around the water fountains in their unhurried journeys from place to place in the orient.
Her costumes were perfect in detail, and when her assistants
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73
MME. MOUNTFORD IN HER RECITAL COSTUME BESIDE HER CABINET IN THE WASHINGTON MUSEUM.
were robed and decorated, they could scarcely be distinguished, as they were so changed by the oriental robes. The Madame was an artist to her finger-tips. One day the writer asked her why she used such long, unusual pins in arranging the costumes :
"These, my dear, came from Jerusalem. It would be im- possible for me to go on with my work unless every detail was in harmony and in place." There the real artist spoke.
The Madame came to Provo, and delivered her lectures under the auspices of the Brigham Young University, to packed houses in the Provo tabernacle. Benjamin Guff, who was then presi- dent of the University, arranged a series of lectures throughout the state, which were both financially and artistically successful. Crowds followed her everywhere. The simplicity of her manner added to the charm of her stately presence, and to her marvelous dramatic powers.
74 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
She was a great ling-uist. The German and French people to whom she talked marveled at her perfect control of their idiom and speech. Some doubting Thomas, brought to one of her lectures, a native Armenian, who spoke to her in the Arab tongue. He admitted to the friend who brought him, that her use of his own tongue was that of an aristrocrat, and far superior to the usage he had known as a peasant lad.
The Madame took a great fancy to little Frank Gates, who was then three years old. She said he was born six weeks later than her only son who had died almost at birth, and with per- mission of the parents, she took the child with her, throughout her course of lectures.
At their first dinner in the Knutsford hotel, she directed her secretary to look after the wants of the little boy. The secretary read the menu of the elaborate dinner, carefully to the child, and asked what he wanted. "Bread and milk," answered the child. When the Madame heard his reply, she laughed out loud. After the second course, however, she told the secretary to read over the various desserts on the card, and to allow the child to choose his own ;
"What will you have for dessert, Frankie," asked the young man. "Some more bread and milk, please," and then everybody laughed at the surrounding tables. The child's bringing up was plainly apparent. He was country born and bred.
The Madame's parents were of noble Russian birth. The father's name was Mamreov "from the plains of Mamre," as the Madame always interpreted the name. The father claimed de- scent by direct inheritance from Abraham. In his young days he joined with a group of eleven young men who called them- selves, in secret, Ephraimites, and so successful was their preach- ing, after announcing themselves as twelve modern apostles of the Lord Jesus, that the Greek Catholic church took the matter up, and the young men nearly lost their lives. They were all banished from Russia. Mr. Mamreov remained in Germany a short time, as he was related to the Von Finklestein family. His wife was of Russian nobility.
Together, they went down finally to Jerusalem, as the young man felt there he could be at liberty to hold to his non-sectarian beliefs, and to be near the habitation of our Lord, Jesus Christ, when upon earth. Here then, five children were born to them, th oldest a son, B. A. Finklestein Mamreov who was born about 1840, and who was exceedingly brilliant and popular in Jerusalem, as a young man. He was employed in the American Embassy office when our United States Secretary of State, Seward, visited Jerusalem, in 1871. He and his youngest brother, Peter, who
THE JERUSALEM OF TODAY. 75
was born about 1846, came over with Secretary Seward and the older son became the private secretary to Seward.
A daughter was born in 1842, and died in 1896. Another daughter, Anna, who was born in 1844, died in March, 1920. Anna was the life companion of her mother and sister Lydia. Lydia, whom we call "Madame Mountford," was named, Lydia Mary Olive Von Finklestein Mamreov. She was born in Jerusalem on the first of May about the year 1848.
In the year 1840, Mr. Mamreov got a charter for safe resi- dence from the Jerusalem Turkish authorities and here he opened his home as a center where Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans might come and be friendly. The parents were exceedingly de- vout, and they lived out the Bible, day by day.
Madame Mountford herself says that pilgrims, strangers, travelers, and merchants from every part of the world, were en- tertained in his household. Her father believed the English language would become the dominant lang-uage of the world, and for that reason, the children were trained in English as their home speech. They were all baptized in the English Episcopal church, but Lydia, from her childhood, played she was a preacher, and imitated the rector in his intoning of the rituals, yet the parents remained liberal in their spiritual attitude.
The father often wished that Lydia was a boy, for he said that she had all the qualifications for a preacher of the gospel. He died about 1858 of Asiatic cholera.
When eighteen years of age, Lydia decided that she wanted to be baptized in the River Jordan, though she had been sprinkled in infancy in the Episcopal church, at Jerusalem.
When her oldest brother came to America, under the patron- age of Mr. Seward, Lydia decided to follow him to the land of her dreams. Accordingly, she left Jerusalem, accompanied by her widowed mother and oldest sister, and joined her two broth- ers, B. A. and Peter, and the other sister, who had all three come over in 1870.
A short time after her arrival in New York, one of the former United States consels invited her to speak in his church. Accordingly, she gave a lecture, which was listened to by Dr. Talmage and Reverend Henry Ward Beecher. Mr. Beecher, listened with his face all aglow, and led the audience in frequent bursts of applause. At the close of the lecture, he said to the young girl, "let this be your life work. You can do more to il- luminate the Bible than preachers may do with their theology." She gave a series of lectures at Plymouth church, on the invi- tation of Mr. Beecher, and at once began her life work.
In 1889, she returned to Jerusalem, and secured rich and orig- inal costumes and articles, with which to illustrate the text of her
76 RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
lectures. Costumes for thirty assistants were provided for, half for men and half for women.
Eminently successful in the United States, she then went to England and created the same furore all over the British Isles, taken up by Dr. Joseph Parker, Dr. Spurgeon, and other great English preachers, she departed for Australia with a great fare- well mass meeting held at Exeter Hall, at London, in her honor, at which Sir Charles Warren, head of the Palestine Exporation Society, presided. A beautiful Maltese Cross was presented to her on this occasion. She went to Australia under the manage- ment of R. S. Smyth, the renowned Impressio-manager.
Lydia created the greatest sensation ever known in the col- onies. Mr. Smyth, himself, made thousands of dollars out of this one course of lectures.
Coming around by the way of India, she met an English gov- ernment official, by the name of Mountford, to whom she was married. He soon lost his health, however, and for a long time was in a sanitarium in England.
Madame Mountford, as she was now called, continued her work in Canada, United States, and all over the English prov- inces, and in the Chatauqua course she lectured for years.
Until the year 1907, the Madame gave her lectures in cos- tumes ; after that she presented the costumes to the Washington Museum, where they rested for many years.
Madame Mountford was baptized into our Church, when she was here, in 1897, but kept on with her regular lecture work, and finally died as has been stated in Florida, while delivering a series of lectures, at her summer home of that beautiful locality.
Her sister, Anna, was a lovely character, a quiet, patient, noble woman, who ministered to her gifted sister, Lydia, in sea- son and out of season and who gave up all the dreams and ambi- tions of her own life to center them upon her sister Lydia's work.
All of the Mamreov family are dead. Anna, herself, died alone in a lodging house in Washington, iwo years after her sister's pathetic demise.
Intimately associated with Madame Mountford in her later years, was our Salt Lake photographer, C. E. Johnson, who ac- companied the Madame on one of her trips to Jerusalem, taking many photographs, and sharing in many wonderful trips of in- terest in that delightful and historic country.
It happened that Madame Mountford was in Jerusalem when President Anthon H. Lund, accompanied by Elder F. F. Hintze, went on a tour to the Holy Land. President Lund, on his re- turn, told of the many courtesies extended by the Madame, and of
THE JERUSALEM OF TODAY. 77
the love and fellowship in which she was held, in the ancient city of Jerusalem, as well as all over Palestine.
The Madame has gone to her rest, and friends have not for- gotten her wonderful earthly career, nor will she be forgotten in her heavenly abode.
From the last letters written by Lydia's sister Anna Mamreov to Brother C. E. Johnson we herewith submit a few interesting paragraphs :
"Last night's paper said that the English forces had taken Gaza, I have been praying that they may take all Palestine and Arabia. Then the people will be at rest. I believe that the Eng- lish are the only nation who will not rob and exploit those long- suffering, unfortunate races. Syria will, of course, go to the French, when the Teutons and Turks shall be "broken in pieces like a potter's vessel. Do write to me ; you can have no idea how it feels to be quite alone in the world without kith or kin as I am."
"I know how glad you will be, so I am, that our loving and beloved Father has had mercy on Jerusalem and delivered it into the right hands through the British. We thank and praise him for his goodness." "For a long time I have not cared to ever go again to Jerusalem, but now that the English will not, I know, try to make a mongrel, godless city of it, as all others would have done, I would like to see it again."
Before her death Madame Mountford took all her Biblical collection out of the Washington Museum, and her sister Anna turned them over at Lydias's death to a Mrs. Nanette B. Paul, of Atlantic City, for a consideration. Mrs. Paul lectures in these costumes and may come west.
The colonists of Melhamia have decided to plant Eucalyptus trees on the bank of the Jordan.
The Jewish stone-hewers of Jerusalem, about 50 in number, are organized into a co-operative, to which the Zionist Com- mission had advanced a certain sum of money. The price of stone has risen during the year from twelve to sixteen piasters the metre, as a result of which the co-operative had earned a substan- tial profit. However, a great change in this trade is expected to take place, when a number of stone-breaking machines will be imported into the country by the "Haboneh."
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RELIEF SOCIETY MAGAZINE.
"From Zion to Jerusalem."
Granddaughter of Orson Hyde.
"Out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem." Isaiah 2 :3.
As the people of Zion we are looking and following- with great interest the actvities of the Zionists organization of America and Europe in the old and beloved Jerusalem.
The work of this body, combined with the English govern- mental policies, is going to prepare the Holy Land for the return of that once flourishing race of God's chosen people, the Jews; that chosen people developed a civilization of patriarchal unity for four thousand years, but saw it decay, after the Crucifixion.
Just how is Jerusalem to attain a place amongst modern civ- ilizations which shall produce the highest, finest and best results?
It will come first through internal economic, political, and social development.
Water Rights — The American Zionists, at the present, are greatly concerned over the reported boundary settlement which might deprive Palestine of access to the waters of the Jordan, Yarmuk and Litany, and the water sheds of Mt. Hermon. Such a settlement, if it left Palestine out, would cripple the great pro- ject at the start.
Dr. Wise, one of the prominent leaders of the American Zionist, says : "The whole economic future of Palestine depends upon access to the waters mentioned. They are for Palestine the living waters, and are not necessary to the Syrian country to the north, because that country is well watered and has better streams to utilize in Lebanon ranges. America is expected to
THE JERUSALEM OF TODAY. 79
contribute a part of the means for Palestine's development, and we count upon Great Britain and France to meet the reasonable expectations and vital needs of a normal w^holesome reclama- tion of Palestine."
This statement of Dr. Wise show^s the absolute necessity of first giving Jerusalem water privileges which will form the basis of her future development and to this effect the English govern- ment is pushing its plans in Jerusalem. Mr. Tokowsky, chair- man of the Jaffa harbor committee, declares that the negotiations with a well-known European company of harbor-builders, for the construction of the Jaffa harbor, were progressing^ satisfacto- rily that the company had sent its experts to examine the sites and modified the plans to suit the requirements of the public. According to the plan the harbor will be fair-sized with room enough for ten five-thousand ton vessels, and will be thirty feet •deep. The harbor will be built by expert European workman, but an opportunity will be afforded for local Jewish and Arabian laborers to learn this trade, especially during a two-months' va- cation, when European laborers will go to their homes. The actual construction will take three years. ' The plans have been drawn to allow of the extention and enlarging of the harbor when necessary without detriment to that which had been already con- structed. Modern machinery and improvements will be intro- duced from the start. The government has also agreed to run a railroad from the port inland which will make the port of easy access. The railroad, already nmning from Jaffa to Ludd, has been widened. By this railroad Jaffa is now connected directly with Jerusalem and Haifa.
Besides the general advantages, the new ])ort and its con- necting railroad will have an economic field, and it will also open up vast possibilities for the Jewish Exploration Society. We shall follow with close interest the excavations which will be made in the process of the harbor construction. Many relics must, in Mr. Tokowsky's opinion, be at the bottom of the sea, and are bound to come to light when dig'ging is begun.
In addition to the new proposed Jaffa harbor, construction on the Haifa harbor will be taken care of immediately.
It is silting, and owing to the expense of dredging, an ex- tension of the present jetty is being carried through temporarily to remedy matters pending the adoption of some scheme of proper harbor facilities.
Immigration of Jczvs to Palestine — The statistical record of the immigration department of the Zionist commission shows that economic improvement is being pushed by necessity and that de- velopment will result, even if not planned for.
In the last ten months, six thousand five hundred Jews have
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<4one to Palestine, of whom one thousand five hundred came by way of Constantinople, two hundred from Cyprus, six hundred from Corsica, three thousand seven hundred by way of Trieste. six hundred by way of Kantara. Of this number two thousand five hundred were "Haluzim/' of whom one thousand were em- ployed in road construction. Three hundred skilled laborers have found employment in government departments. In all, fully eighty-five percent of the new-comers has found employment in the country. Natural immigration (immigrants who have come to join families who had preceded them ) has commenced, and is a very hopeful sign of the assurance of permanency of residents.
Housing Problems — With the great influx of immigrants Haifa has been overrun, consequently the housing problem is a serious one. However, the Jewish people are reported as being liberal and hospitable in taking into their homes the immigrants. Six large houses have recently been built adjoining the Technical College to help relieve the situation, likewise are the Arabs occu- pied in house construction. Now that the railroad to Haifa is in running order some enterprising citizens are making their homes in Acre and go to their business in Haifa.
Quarantine Camp — In connection with housing improvements for the immigrants, a quarantine camp has been established in Haifa by the Public Health Department, which is so equipped that travelers will have accommodations during quarantine periods without paying the usual extortionate hotel rates.
Telephones in Jerusalem — The installation of the telephone system, mainly for the business concerns, is making progress an assured possibility.
With a well organized, efficient committee to look after each of these phases, in cooperation with the English government, the results should be none but the very best ; especially since the assembly recognizes so clearly the importance of a well-founded. stabilized, productive unit, which can be formed only by judicial distribution of the skilled and unskilled workmen into those col- onies which are in need of them.
\\'ith an efficiency of organization and the firm determina- tion that the Jews all over the world are exhibiting toward the development of their coveted plan of once more gaining a national home — there is no doubt that the prophecies of the old world, as well as those of our own dispensation, will find in this rebuilding ancient Jerusalem a living example of the truthfulness and power of God's ancient plans for his choicest people.
The Plan of Salvation
By Wilma Stokvorfhy.
"We will go down for there is space there, and we will take of these materials and we will make an earth whereon these may dwell ; and we will prove them herewith, to see if they will do all things whatso- ever the Lord their God shall command them. And they who keep their second estate shall have glory added upon their head forever and ever." (Book of Abraham 3:24, 27. Pearl of Great Price.)
WHENCE.
The heavenly home in all its radiant glory nestled among' the trees. Under their shade a group of girls sat talking. The serious look on their faces evidenced an earnest conversation. A beautiful girl was the center of the groitp, to her the remarks were made or the questions asked.
"Aren't you afraid to go? Just think of the change it will be."
"Yes, sickness, pain and temptations will be there. But mother says my new parents will give me a heritage that will fit me to meet all these. They will give me the privilege of being born under the New and Everlasting Covenant. Their constant counsel and guidance will keep me from straying far from the right path. I am anxious to go now."
"But the change? Aren't you afraid of that?"
"No, mother says that the months spent next to my earthly mother's heart will prepare me for the change. Then when the time comes for my birth all will seem natural and I will enter the new world with no fears nor misgivings. After all, girls, the earthly birth is but a forgetting which gives us a chance to show what our life here has prepared us for."
The mother came to the door and called. The girls ran quickly to her side and the door closed upon the group.
A few days later the chosen girl stood with her guide ready to leave for her new probation. Goodbyes were said through tears. Then with her mother's and father's blessing she passed into the new world and new life that was to prepare her for future glory.
V/HY?
Long hours of suffering, a deep taste of the bitter sweet, a cry of pain, and a baby girl was ushered into the world of pain and joy. The baby was a tiny, frail bundle of helplessness, but
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through the loving care of her mother she in time grew into healthy childhood. Her time was spent as other children's time was s])ent. A mother's loving counsel, with an occasional wise correction kept her feet ever in the path of truth. She grew up to love purity of sex and all things heautiful. In time the Church high school opened its enchanted doors to her. Here her life grew and hecame broader. She formed new friendships with other girls and. boys. Temptations of a new kind came into her life ; but her teachings from her earthly mother helped her over the rough places, and life grew full and sweet to her.
Suddenly a new crisis came into her life. The mother was taken ill and for five long years the daughter gave up school and all the bright plans of 3'outh to care for the suffering mother. Then, one day, God called the mother home. The old home was broken up and the girl went away again to resume her school work and studies.
Some years later she met the man of her choice and in a temple of God she was sealed to him as his wife for life and through all eternity.
A new home was built. INIany times she, too, tasted of the bitter-sweet and learned to know the joys of motherhood.
The little family grew older. The children one by one left the old home nest. Then came the summons for her who had been both daughter and mother. And one day she passed so quietly and peacefully from her life here on earth that the loved ones could scarcely tell that the spirit had left its mortal taber- nacle. She had gone to her rest.
\N'HERE?
A group stood waiting at the gate of the heavenly home. A messenger and companion were seen coming. In a moment the daughter was in her heavenly Mother's and Father's arms. What rejoicing! What joy and happiness was theirs. Reverently the Father's hands rested upon the daughter's head, and his voice in deep full tones pronounced the Father's blessing.
"Beloved daughter, you, who kept your first estate, were given the privilege of living your life on earth. While there the laws of your second estate were fulfilled. Now shall glory be added upon your head for ever and ever."
A look that comes only to those who meet the fight bravely and who win bravely and gloriously overspread her face. Peace filled her heart and she now knew that when her husband's call came they would travel together the road of Eternal Pro- gression.
Out of the World
By G. Milton Babcock. (Continued from page 20.)
In a few days the widow had partly g-iven and partly sold her furniture to Mrs. Mulvaney, and when Uncle Billy called for her with the cutter, it was with a feeling of relief that she de- parted the house, with its memories of sufferings and privations. At least two of her husband's folks did have hearts, after all ! How bracing the air was that morning! She inhaled deeply, as if to expel from her lungs the last breath of the foul air she had breathed in Mulvaney's place. She was glad for Walter's sake, as well as for her own, that they were leaving, for the influence of Pat Mulvaney over Walter had not been entirely for the good. One day she had overheard him assert, with a "cussing" facility that astounded her, that he could beat Pat at squirting tobacco juice. This was the first inkling she had had that Walter could smoke, chew, or swear — -accomplishments that she firmly endeavored to discourage.
As the cutter turned in at a trim country home, a vague feeling came over her. Sometime, somewhere, she had seen this place and it was associated with something unpleasant. As she stepped into the house, her spirit grew more and more mo- rose and a dreadful something seemed to haunt her memory. When shown to her room, her head began to roar, faint, and then louder, as a train approaching from the distance.
"Mrs. Smith, who lived in this house before you?'' she asked in a trembling whisper.
"Why, Benjamin Slade."
"I knew it ! O God, this is where my husband died !"' she cried pitifully, falling to the floor — a helpless wreck.
PART II
"There, Maud, you're fit for a king to drive," pronounced the boy complacently, as he threw his arm about the mare's neck. "Now I s'pose you'd like a lump of sugar for letting me curry you." For answer the animal rolled her e_yes as if to say, "Don't forget !"
Walter had known "Maud" all his seventeen years — or. at least since he could remember the time Uncle Billy hoisted him onto her back in response to his plea to "ride hossey." He had a warm spot in his heart for all dumb creatures, and was the
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proud possessor of a dog and cat, as well as numerous pigeons whose love-notes ever sounded" from the gables and ridge of the barn, and at his call came and fed from his hand.
The boy's face was frank and honest, and his eye fearless and kind. As he put the currycomb and brush back in place, he felt a sudden desire to go up to the hay-loft and take a nap in the little "cave" he had made for himself in the hay. In this spot he was wont to dream, to build castles, and to think the long, long thoughts of youth.
As he closed his eyes, his mind wandered back to that never- to-be-forgotten day when his mother broke up housekeeping and went to the country to live, while he was given in charge of Uncle Billy and Aunt Angie. He recollected the folks telling how his mother fainted when she first came into her new home and how ill she was for some time thereafter. He remembered that he re- sumed school, and then hired out to deliver papers ; yes. for four long years he had faced the winds of the North as they swept down Hudson avenue, many times almost tearing the papers from his hand before he could get them distributed to his custom- ers. Well he recalled some of his customers, particularly O'Con- nor's saloon, for it was there, one time, some half drunken men had seized him, as he came in to lay the paper on the bar, and in- sisted that he drink a glass of beer. This Walter refused to do, which angered the man so that he tried to force the glass be- tween his lips. He could see old O'Connor interfering to prevent this, and the scrap that followed. Yes ; he had had many interest- ing experiences as a newsboy, and they were not without their lessons and recompense. He had saved from his New Year's greetings enough money to take him through business college, and now he had graduated and was "resting up." as Aunt Angie expressed it, before starting out life as a stenographer. He had made an excellent record in college, receiving the "Highest
"Honor" diploma in the commercial department, so he felt that a good beginning had been made toward a successful career.
The sun had dropped well below the zenith when Walter awoke. Some one was calling him, and when he gathered his thoughts together and made out where he was, he realized that it was his uncle. "Walter, are you here?" sounded the voice again in an impatient tone.
"Yes, uncle ; I'm coming."
"My! hear that ice crack — sounds like it would go out soon!'' exclaimed Uncle Billy.
The March winds had died, and in their place came the warm, gentle breezes from the south.
"Yes, it's been thawing pretty fast the last few days, and raining hard, too," conmiented Walter. "I wouldn't be surprised
OUT OF THE WORLD. 85
to see the ice go out any time now. Well of all things ! uncle, I really believe that ice is moving — see it ?" he pointed out excitedly.
The ice was certainly moving! The river had risen rapidly, loosening the great sheet from its anchorage on the shores and causing great long cracks to appear. As the ice gained mo- mentum on its journey ocean ward, it rapidly broke into smaller and smaller pieces.
The field below the dam went out first. It was interesting enough, but a more interesting sight was yet to come. Higher and higher rose the water above the dam, lifting the great ice sheet like a jack raises a house. Then the ice began to break, and slowly, but surely, under the influence of the torrent of under- mining water rushing from the north, it started over the dam. Down, down it went, the huge cakes gliding swiftly over the forty-foot oak logs that composed the dam. People gathered ([uickly to see the sight ; those on the Green Island side to their docks, and those across the river in Troy to the back of the great collar factories.
How the dam roared as the flood and ice poured over in ever increasing volume ! And yet, above the roar, could be heard the peculiar swish of the ice as it drifted by. And what colors and shapes passed! Here was a great white block, there a cake of greenish hue alongside one of gray. Now swept by a great egg-shaped piece bearing a round, tower-like block in the cen- ter. It reminded ^^^alter of the Yankee Cheese-Box on its way to meet the Merrimac.
All kinds of rubbish came down: rocks, logs, rowboats, and outhouses. It was a great delight to the village youth to snake in a log or other piece of driftwood by means of pike-pole and ropes.
Returning to the house, Walter found his mother there. It was Aunt Angle's birthday — her sixtieth — and Florence Nelson had come to pay her respects. She greeted Walter with a smile — a smile which reminded him, as he kissed her affectionately — that its setting had not always been a pale, drawn face, with list- less eyes and faded hair, but rather a countenance of sunshine bordered with strands of gold.
Withdrawing to his room, where they could be alone, the mother and son talked over the things that lay nearest their hearts.
"How are you and Aunt Angle getting along?" she asked.
"Pretty well, mother ; but she is always so darn strict about my spending an evening out, or having any of my boy friends visit me, that sometimes I feel like picking up my duds and leav- ing. Of course, I suppose that would be a shabby trick to do, after she has been so good to me in other ways."
"Yes, vour aunt is strict, \\^alter. She is old-fashioned in
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lots of her ways. But she has been a mother to you — for seven long" years now,'" she sighed. "How is your uncle?"
"Oh, he never says much — she won't let him! I only wish she was as patient as uncle is. Whenever she gets mad at me she starts for the rawhide, but uncle he takes me down to the barn, or in my room, and gives me a good lecture. And he usu- ally brings the tears, too — it really hurts more than the raw- hide. Seems as if I am getting pretty old to be bossed around so much. I expect to give aunty all I earn when I start work. I presume she'll give me a few pennies for myself ; but, as uncle says, 'Take care of the pennies and the dollars'll take care of themselves,' I suppose I'll have to be careful how I spend. 1 guess it's good advice, though."
The conversation was interrupted by Aunt Angie calling "supper's ready."
Walter jumped up gingerly. "Come on, mother," he in- vited, leading the way to the dining room.
When all were seated, Uncle Billy called on the visitor to ask grace— something that happened only when a guest was pres- ent, whom Uncle Billy knew to observe such a religious custom at home, for he was not a church member himself, and neither Aunt Angie nor Walter ever worried much about asking grace. The guest repeated easily a few lines she had learned when a girl from the Prayer Book, and all fell to eating Aunt Angie's tempting meal.
Supper over, all adjourned to the back parlor for the eve- nmg. Although a strict Baptist, Aunt Angie permitted cards in her home; in fact, really enjoyed playing herself — when she wasn't peeved at the tantalizing success of an opponent. An hour or so was passed away at this diversion and then, as from the "ridiculous" to the "sublime," the subject of religion came up for discussion — and argument. Aunt Angie started it :
"Well, Florence, are you still going to the Episcopal church?"
"Yes, Aunt Angie, as a rule I do, but once in a while I go to the Baptist church, just to please the folks I'm working for."
"You're still satisfied with your belief, then?"
"I certainly am. I've gone to that church ever since I was a little girl, and I wouldn't think of changing now."
"If they only had the right form of baptism, it wouldn't be so bad, to my notion," commented Aunt Angie.
"That's what you always say, aunty," interposed Walter, coming promptly to his mother's defense ; "but you've never yet convinced me that what you say is right."
"You get me the Bible in the case there," she commanded, "and I'll prove to you people that I know what I'm talking about. I haven't lived sixty years for nothing."
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W'alter arose to do as he was bidden, a flush on his face. His mother sat quietly, while Uncle Billy twitched uneasily in his arm chair — he knew what was coming, and did not care to "sit in" on the argument. Aunt Angie swung her ship into action and opened with a broadside :
"Now I say that Christ was baptized by immersion, and as he is our example, we ought to do as he did."
Her hearers said nothing, so she went on: "Here in the third chapter of Matthew it says that John was baptizing in the River Jordan and Christ came to him to be baptized. Now why would John be baptizing in the river if it wasn't done by 'immer- sion?" she demanded.
"Oh, we know all about that, Aunty," answered Walter. "I once saw^ a painting of that in an old Bible that showed John pouring water on Christ's head with a big shell. Of course, they had to go somewhere to baptize, and the river was probably the handiest place." he presumed, much to her anonyance.
"That's all right," demurred Aunt Angie ; "but let me read you from John 3 :23 :
" 'And John also was baptizing in Aenon, near to Salim, be- cause there was much water there.'
"Now that ought to settle it," she went on ; "but if you need fur<-her proof, just read what Paul says about being 'buried' and 'planted' with Christ in baptism," she challenged.
"That's all very well," declared the widow agitatedly ; "but my Prayer Book reads that baptism is an 'outward, visible sign of an inward, spiritual grace.' It simply means that you've accepted Christ as your Redeemer and want to acknowledge it to the world. Then, too, as we are 'born in sin,' it is necessary to be baptized in order that that sin might be washed away."
"Now you're bringing in that contemptible 'infant baptism' doctrine!" objected Aunt Angie excitedly. "You can't show me one single instance in the Bible where they ever baptized little children. We are not 'born in sin,' and no one should be baptized until they have come to the age of manhood or womanhood. They ought to know just what they are doing and — "
"We have godfathers and godmothers in our church, aunt}-, who stand up for the child," interrupted Walter.
"That'll do from you, young man ! You needn't interrupt when I'm talking," she glared.
"Now, Florence," she resumed, "you remember the time the little children came to Christ? He took them up in his arms and blessed them, didn't he, and said 'of such is the kingdom of heaven?' He didn't baptise them, did he?"
"No, oT course not," came the provoking answer ; "they had already been baptized."
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Walter smiled triumphantly at his mother, but the smile quickly faded when Aunt Angie closed the Bible with a bang and slammed it on the table. "I give up !" she cried. "You people are about as hard-hearted as anyone I ever saw. When a person proves a thing to you from the Bible, y'won't believe, but'U stick to your darned old Prayer Book that King Henry got up for you. The old fool was nothing but an adulterer, and — !"
"Tut ! tut !" protested Uncle Billy. "You folks are too big- oted. It's a funny thing how two Christians — both claiming to be founded on the Bible — can get so many different ideas of re- ligion from the same book."
"You simply don't understand, Wiliam," answered his spouse vehemently.
"Maybe I don't," he retorted ironically — "and that's why I've never had any interest in any of your churches. You say you teach brotherly love, but I reckon the argument you've had to- night ain't going to make you love one another any better," he chuckled, scratching his short, gray beard.
"But, after all, it don't make much difference what you be- lieve," ventured Walter with a sidelong glance at his aunt. "We're all going to the same place, but perhaps by different roads. The main thing's so long as you believe."
"Now how do you make that out, boy?" demanded his uncle. "If my memory serves me right, it'll soon be Lent in your church and you'll be getting those pyramid boxes to put your pennies in for the poor heathens in China, Africa, and so on. Your aunt is giving money away for foreign missions every once in a while.